Shadowing Practice: How stress affects your body - Sharon Horesh Bergquist - Learn English Speaking with YouTube

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Cramming for a test?
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Cramming for a test?
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Trying to get more done than you have time to do?
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Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed.
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But more than just an emotion, stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body.
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In the short term, stress can be advantageous, but when activated too often or too long, your primitive fight or flight stress response not only changes your brain but also damages many of the other organs and cells throughout your body.
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Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine.
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As these hormones travel through your blood stream, they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.
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Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and raises your blood pressure, over time causing hypertension.
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Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels, to not function normally.
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Scientists now know that this is an early step in triggering the process of atherosclerosis or cholesterol plaque build up in your arteries.
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Together, these changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke.
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When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system.
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Through this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to your enteric, or intestinal nervous system.
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Besides causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut, leading to irritable bowel syndrome, and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid, making you more likely to feel heartburn.
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Via the gut's nervous system, stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria, which may affect your digestive and overall health.
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Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline?
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Well, yes. Cortisol can increase your appetite.
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It tells your body to replenish your energy stores with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods.
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High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories as visceral or deep belly fat.
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This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button your pants.
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It is an organ that actively releases hormones and immune system chemicals called cytokines that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and insulin resistance.
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Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways.
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Initially, they help prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury, but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune cells, make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal.
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Want to live a long life?
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You may have to curb your chronic stress.
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That's because it has even been associated with shortened telomeres, the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell's age.
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Telomeres cap chromosomes to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides without damaging the cell's genetic code, and they shorten with each cell division.
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When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies.
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As if all that weren't enough, chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health, including acne, hair loss, sexual dysfunction, headaches, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability.
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So, what does all this mean for you?
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Your life will always be filled with stressful situations.
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But what matters to your brain and entire body is how you respond to that stress.
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If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and master, rather than as threats that are insurmountable, you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in the long run.

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About This Lesson

In this insightful video, "How stress affects your body," you'll explore the profound ways chronic stress impacts your physical and mental well-being. The speaker, Sharon Horesh Bergquist, clearly explains complex biological processes, from the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to their effects on your heart, gut, metabolism, immune system, and even cellular aging. This content is a fantastic resource for English speaking practice, as it helps you articulate sophisticated ideas about health and physiology.

You'll gain valuable vocabulary related to human biology, medical conditions, and emotional states. Grammatically, you'll encounter and practice structures for explaining cause-and-effect relationships, describing complex processes, and offering advice. The clear, explanatory style of the video makes it ideal for developing your ability to discuss scientific topics, a skill that is particularly useful for improving your English fluency and for test situations like IELTS speaking.

Key Vocabulary & Phrases

  • Cramming for a test: (idiom) Studying intensely for a short period just before an exam. "Many students experience stress when cramming for a test."
  • Hardwired physical response: (phrase) An innate, automatic bodily reaction that is built into our biology. "Stress triggers a hardwired physical response."
  • Fight or flight response: (idiom) A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. "The body's primitive fight or flight response is activated by stress."
  • Adrenal gland: (noun) Small glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones, including stress hormones. "Your adrenal gland releases cortisol."
  • Hypertension: (noun) Abnormally high blood pressure. "Chronic stress can lead to hypertension over time."
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): (medical condition) A common disorder that affects the large intestine. "Stress can disturb digestion, leading to symptoms like Irritable Bowel Syndrome."
  • Dampen function: (verb phrase) To reduce or weaken the effectiveness or activity of something. "Chronic stress can dampen the function of immune cells."
  • Curb your chronic stress: (verb phrase) To limit or control long-term, persistent stress. "Learning to curb your chronic stress is vital for a long life."

Practice Tips for This Video

This video is an excellent resource for refining your pronunciation practice and overall English fluency. The speaker maintains a clear, moderate pace, which is perfect for applying the shadowing technique effectively. Here are some specific tips:

  • Focus on Scientific Terms: Pay close attention to the pronunciation of multi-syllabic medical and biological terms like "epinephrine," "atherosclerosis," "autonomic nervous system," and "endothelium." Shadow these words carefully to master their sounds.
  • Mimic Intonation for Explanation: The speaker excels at explaining complex processes. Practice mimicking her intonation and rhythm when describing cause-and-effect relationships (e.g., "As these hormones travel... they easily reach..." or "Together, these changes increase..."). This will enhance your naturalness in discussing intricate topics.
  • Connectives and Transitions: Notice how the speaker uses connectives and transition words (e.g., "But more than just," "As these hormones travel," "Meanwhile," "As if all that weren't enough"). Shadow these to improve the flow and coherence of your own speech, a key aspect for IELTS speaking.
  • Summarize and Paraphrase: After shadowing a section, pause and try to summarize the main points in your own words. This active recall helps reinforce new vocabulary and grammatical structures, boosting your overall English speaking practice.
  • Adopt the American Accent: The speaker uses a clear American English accent. If this is your target accent, this video provides excellent exposure for imitation.

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

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