Prática de Shadowing: Can we create the "perfect" farm? - Brent Loken - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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Transcriber: Translate TED Reviewer: Mirjana Čutura About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm.
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Transcriber: Translate TED Reviewer: Mirjana Čutura About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm.
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This agricultural revolution was a turning point in our history that enabled people to settle, build and create.
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In short, agriculture enabled the existence of civilization.
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Today, approximately 40 percent of our planet is farmland.
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Spread all over the world, these agricultural lands are the pieces to a global puzzle we are all facing: in the future, how can we feed every member of a growing population a healthy diet?
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Meeting this goal will require nothing short of a second agricultural revolution.
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The first agricultural revolution was characterized by expansion and exploitation, feeding people at the expense of forests, wildlife and water and destabilizing the climate in the process.
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That's not an option the next time around.
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Agriculture depends on a stable climate with predictable seasons and weather patterns.
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This means we can't keep expanding our agricultural lands, because doing so will undermine the environmental conditions that make agriculture possible in the first place.
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Instead, the next agricultural revolution will have to increase the output of our existing farmland for the long term while protecting biodiversity, conserving water and reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
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So what will the future farms look like?
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This drone is part of a fleet that monitors the crops below.
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The farm may look haphazard but is a delicately engineered use of the land that intertwines crops and livestock with wild habitats.
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Conventional farming methods cleared large swathes of land and planted them with a single crop, eradicating wildlife and emitting huge amounts of greenhouse gases in the process.
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This approach aims to correct that damage.
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Meanwhile, moving among the crops, teams of field robots apply fertilizer in targeted doses.
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Inside the soil, hundreds of sensors gather data on nutrients and water levels.
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This information reduces unnecessary water use and tells farmers where they should apply more and less fertilizer instead of causing pollution by showering it across the whole farm.
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But the farms of the future won't be all sensors and robots.
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These technologies are designed to help us produce food in a way that works with the environment rather than against it, taking into account the nuances of local ecosystems.
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Lower-cost agricultural practices can also serve those same goals and are much more accessible to many farmers.
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In fact, many such practices are already in use today and stand to have an increasingly large impact as more farmers adopt them.
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In Costa Rica, farmers have intertwined farmland with tropical habitat so successfully that they have significantly contributed to doubling the country's forest cover.
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This provides food and habitat for wildlife as well as natural pollination and pest control from the birds and insects these farms attract, producing food while restoring the planet.
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In the United States, ranchers are raising cattle on grasslands composed of native species, generating a valuable protein source using production methods that store carbon and protect biodiversity.
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In Bangladesh, Cambodia and Nepal, new approaches to rice production may dramatically decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
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Rice is a staple food for three billion people and the main source of livelihood for millions of households.
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More than 90 percent of rice is grown in flooded paddies, which use a lot of water and release 11 percent of annual methane emissions, which accounts for one to two percent of total annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.
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By experimenting with new strains of rice, irrigating less and adopting less labor-intensive ways of planting seeds, farmers in these countries have already increased their incomes and crop yields while cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions.
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In Zambia, numerous organizations are investing in locally specific methods to improve crop production, reduce forest loss and improve livelihoods for local farmers.
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These efforts are projected to increase crop yield by almost a quarter over the next few decades.
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If combined with methods to combat deforestation in the region, they could move the country toward a resilient, climate-focused agricultural sector.
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And in India, where up to 40 percent of post-harvest food is lost or wasted due to poor infrastructure, farmers have already started to implement solar-powered cold storage capsules that help thousands of rural farmers preserve their produce and become a viable part of the supply chain.
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It will take all of these methods, from the most high-tech to the lowest-cost, to revolutionize farming.
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High-tech interventions stand to amplify climate- and conservation-oriented approaches to farming, and large producers will need to invest in implementing these technologies.
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Meanwhile, we'll have to expand access to the lower-cost methods for smaller-scale farmers.
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This vision of future farming will also require a global shift toward more plant-based diets and huge reductions in food loss and waste, both of which will reduce pressure on the land and allow farmers to do more with what they have available.
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If we optimize food production, both on land and sea, we can feed humanity within the environmental limits of the earth, but there's a very small margin of error, and it will take unprecedented global cooperation and coordination of the agricultural lands we have today.

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Sobre Esta Lição

Nesta lição, você vai praticar inglês com foco no vocabulário relacionado à agricultura e sustentabilidade, a partir do vídeo "Podemos criar a fazenda 'perfeita'? - Brent Loken". Você terá a oportunidade de aprender a pronunciar palavras e frases importantes, além de entender a mensagem sobre a necessidade de melhorar a produção agrícola em um mundo com populações crescentes. A prática de conversação em inglês será essencial para aprimorar sua fluência, tornando-o mais confiante ao discutir temas relacionados ao meio ambiente e à agricultura.

Vocabulário e Frases Principais

  • Agricultural revolution - revolução agrícola
  • Biodiversity - biodiversidade
  • Greenhouse gas emissions - emissões de gases de efeito estufa
  • Crop yield - rendimento das colheitas
  • Sustainable practices - práticas sustentáveis
  • Local ecosystems - ecossistemas locais
  • Food waste - desperdício de comida
  • Climate-focused - focado no clima

Dicas de Prática

Para melhorar sua habilidade de pronúncia e compreensão auditiva, utilize a técnica de shadowing em inglês com este vídeo. A velocidade da fala de Brent Loken é moderada, o que torna mais fácil acompanhar as palavras. Tente repetir imediatamente após ele, prestando atenção na entonação e ênfases que ele usa, incorporando a prática de conversação em inglês em sua rotina. Ao fazer isso, concentre-se em entender não apenas o que está sendo dito, mas também como as palavras são conectadas entre si, um aspecto importante no shadow speech. Para maximizar a eficácia do seu aprendizado, escolha trechos curtos e repita-os várias vezes, aumentando gradualmente a dificuldade ao se sentir mais confortável.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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