跟读练习: Can we create the "perfect" farm? - Brent Loken - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Transcriber: Translate TED Reviewer: Mirjana Čutura About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm.
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Transcriber: Translate TED Reviewer: Mirjana Čutura About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm.
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This agricultural revolution was a turning point in our history that enabled people to settle, build and create.
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In short, agriculture enabled the existence of civilization.
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Today, approximately 40 percent of our planet is farmland.
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Spread all over the world, these agricultural lands are the pieces to a global puzzle we are all facing: in the future, how can we feed every member of a growing population a healthy diet?
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Meeting this goal will require nothing short of a second agricultural revolution.
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The first agricultural revolution was characterized by expansion and exploitation, feeding people at the expense of forests, wildlife and water and destabilizing the climate in the process.
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That's not an option the next time around.
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Agriculture depends on a stable climate with predictable seasons and weather patterns.
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This means we can't keep expanding our agricultural lands, because doing so will undermine the environmental conditions that make agriculture possible in the first place.
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Instead, the next agricultural revolution will have to increase the output of our existing farmland for the long term while protecting biodiversity, conserving water and reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
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So what will the future farms look like?
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This drone is part of a fleet that monitors the crops below.
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The farm may look haphazard but is a delicately engineered use of the land that intertwines crops and livestock with wild habitats.
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Conventional farming methods cleared large swathes of land and planted them with a single crop, eradicating wildlife and emitting huge amounts of greenhouse gases in the process.
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This approach aims to correct that damage.
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Meanwhile, moving among the crops, teams of field robots apply fertilizer in targeted doses.
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Inside the soil, hundreds of sensors gather data on nutrients and water levels.
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This information reduces unnecessary water use and tells farmers where they should apply more and less fertilizer instead of causing pollution by showering it across the whole farm.
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But the farms of the future won't be all sensors and robots.
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These technologies are designed to help us produce food in a way that works with the environment rather than against it, taking into account the nuances of local ecosystems.
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Lower-cost agricultural practices can also serve those same goals and are much more accessible to many farmers.
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In fact, many such practices are already in use today and stand to have an increasingly large impact as more farmers adopt them.
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In Costa Rica, farmers have intertwined farmland with tropical habitat so successfully that they have significantly contributed to doubling the country's forest cover.
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This provides food and habitat for wildlife as well as natural pollination and pest control from the birds and insects these farms attract, producing food while restoring the planet.
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In the United States, ranchers are raising cattle on grasslands composed of native species, generating a valuable protein source using production methods that store carbon and protect biodiversity.
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In Bangladesh, Cambodia and Nepal, new approaches to rice production may dramatically decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
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Rice is a staple food for three billion people and the main source of livelihood for millions of households.
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More than 90 percent of rice is grown in flooded paddies, which use a lot of water and release 11 percent of annual methane emissions, which accounts for one to two percent of total annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.
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By experimenting with new strains of rice, irrigating less and adopting less labor-intensive ways of planting seeds, farmers in these countries have already increased their incomes and crop yields while cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions.
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In Zambia, numerous organizations are investing in locally specific methods to improve crop production, reduce forest loss and improve livelihoods for local farmers.
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These efforts are projected to increase crop yield by almost a quarter over the next few decades.
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If combined with methods to combat deforestation in the region, they could move the country toward a resilient, climate-focused agricultural sector.
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And in India, where up to 40 percent of post-harvest food is lost or wasted due to poor infrastructure, farmers have already started to implement solar-powered cold storage capsules that help thousands of rural farmers preserve their produce and become a viable part of the supply chain.
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It will take all of these methods, from the most high-tech to the lowest-cost, to revolutionize farming.
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High-tech interventions stand to amplify climate- and conservation-oriented approaches to farming, and large producers will need to invest in implementing these technologies.
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Meanwhile, we'll have to expand access to the lower-cost methods for smaller-scale farmers.
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This vision of future farming will also require a global shift toward more plant-based diets and huge reductions in food loss and waste, both of which will reduce pressure on the land and allow farmers to do more with what they have available.
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If we optimize food production, both on land and sea, we can feed humanity within the environmental limits of the earth, but there's a very small margin of error, and it will take unprecedented global cooperation and coordination of the agricultural lands we have today.
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关于本课
在本课中，学习者将深入探讨农业革命的重要性及其对人类未来的影响。通过练习这一视频的内容，学生不仅能增强英语口语能力，同时也能培养对全球环境挑战的认知。该视频讲述了如何通过可持续农业实践来解决日益增长的人口所带来的食品安全问题，并介绍了一些前沿农业科技与自然生态的结合方式。学习者将在跟读的过程中，体会到在讨论农业领域时所需的专业词汇和表达方式。
关键词汇与短语
- 农业革命 - Agricultural Revolution
- 可持续发展 - Sustainability
- 生态系统 - Ecosystem
- 食物安全 - Food Security
- 温室气体排放 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- 生物多样性 - Biodiversity
- 农作物产量 - Crop Yield
- 气候变化 - Climate Change
练习技巧
对于本视频的口说练习，建议学生采用shadow speak的方法进行跟读。视频的语速适中，但部分专业术语可能需要多次重复才能掌握。学习者可以先监听后再模仿，通过英语影子跟读来增强发音的准确性及流利度。同时，可以分段进行练习，逐句听录然后再试着复述，帮助记忆和理解。请注意声音的语调和情感表达，这样在谈论复杂话题时让语言更加生动。此外，利用图像和图表对照学习，有助于加深对视频内容的理解，提升整体学习效果。在此过程中，务必保持积极主动的态度，反复练习可以显著提高英语口语练习的效果，充分利用每一次跟读机会。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。