Prática de Shadowing: How An Igloo Keeps You Warm - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
69 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
For thousands of years, humans and plants and animals long before that have been using frozen sky water to keep warm.
2
Which sort of doesn't make sense, because snow is cool.
3
You might even say it's ice cold.
4
No one knows for sure who built the first igloo, but with the right fit and the right physics,
5
snow can actually warm you better than the inside of a tauntaun.
6
You'll be okay, Luke!
7
So how can something cold keep you cozy?
8
The vast, frozen
9
Arctic is one of the most forbidding environments on our planet.
10
Yet the Inuit have managed to live there for about 5 ,000 years.
11
Out on the pack ice, winter temperatures reach 50 degrees below zero.
12
And when it's that cold, surviving means finding shelter.
13
It's not an area known for its forests.
14
So nomadic hunters learn to build with the only thing available, snow.
15
Eskimo languages really do have dozens and dozens of different words for snow, because there are a lot of different types,
16
and the type of snow you choose can dictate whether your igloo keeps you warm, or turns you into a homo sapiensicle.
17
To understand this, we need to know a little something about being cold.
18
When your body temperature starts to plummet, you're feeling heat leave you you.
19
Cold can't move into your body.
20
In fact, there's no such thing as cold.
21
Where have I heard that before?
22
Oh, right.
23
Think of heat as an actual quantity of stuff.
24
The more you give away, the colder you feel.
25
And this trading of heat can happen in three different ways, by convection, conduction, and radiation.
26
All three are at play in an igloo.
27
A person inside will radiate body heat, which moves around the igloo by convection and is lost through the walls by conduction.
28
This is exactly what happens in your house.
29
Living insulation does the same thing.
30
Fatty tissues like blubber help stop heat transfer in whales and seals, but for animals who don't have as much junk in the trunk,
31
they cover themselves in air.
32
Sea otter fur, for example, is about a thousand times denser than human hair.
33
It's snuggly stuff.
34
This is the softest thing I've ever felt in my life.
35
You are adorable but the secret to its insulation power is in its texture.
36
Otter fur is spiky, so it traps insulating air molecules.
37
And that is exactly what snowflakes do.
38
Powdery, fresh snow can be up to 95 % trapped air.
39
This makes it an excellent insulator, but the same way you have to pack it in your hands to make a snowball,
40
it isn't dense enough to build with.
41
Solid ice, on the other hand, makes a good windbreaker, but it's too heavy to lift.
42
Inuit hunters took the Goldilocks approach.
43
The secret to good igloo snow is somewhere in the middle.
44
Traditional igloo blocks aren't molded, they're cut out of the ground.
45
That tightly packed ground snow is dense enough to hold up, but because it still has far more air pockets than a block of ice,
46
it's light, and still a pretty good insulator.
47
As usual, animals figured this one out long before humans.
48
Polar bears, groundhogs, even birds like grouse all make snow burrows to stay warm.
49
Even before that, plants were tucking into snow to avoid death by freezing.
50
During the warm months, heat energy from the sun builds up in soil, and just like the roof above your head,
51
a deep covering of snow prevents that heat from escaping onward and upward.
52
The snowy blanket above stops ice crystals from forming inside plant roots and shoots and seeds.
53
Not freezing to death is a pretty good motivator for any animal to get crafty,
54
but our big primate brains took it one step further with igloos.
55
Their engineering maximizes warmth and stability.
56
Cartoon igloos look like flat -bottomed half -spheres, but in reality they're neither of those things.
57
If you were to slice a real igloo in half, you'd see a shape called a catenary.
58
This gradually sloping shape is the same one that would form
59
if you held a chain from both ends and let it droop.
60
A catenary arch distributes weight more evenly than a half circle, without bulging or buckling.
61
In fact, it's one of the most stable arches in nature, so sound that we still use it today.
62
Inside, snow houses are carved in different levels.
63
The hot air rises and the cold air sinks down into the lower part, away from where you would eat, sleep, and chill.
64
To boot, body heat melts the innermost layer of the walls, strengthening the barrier between between you,
65
your airy snowblock insulation, and the frigid great beyond.
66
When you live in an igloo, you act as a living furnace.
67
Over time, the temperature in your icy abode can hover some 40 to 60 degrees above the surrounding air,
68
but bring a friend to your igloo party and you'll get warmer faster.
69
Stay cozy, and stay curious.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
B235
Why don't you remember being a baby?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B29
How Habits Can Change Your Life (and Your Brain)
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
The Strange Science of Why We Dream
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
The Unbelievable Science of How We Read
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Scientists Finally Figured Out What Love Is For
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Why Is Blue So Rare In Nature?
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
Mars Used to Be Blue... Then Something Happened
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained!
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Evolution FAILS in the Human Body
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1How Feathered Dinosaurs Accidentally Invented Flight (We Tested It!)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How An Igloo Keeps You Warm”. As palavras que mais se repetem: snow, igloo, heat, cold, warm. Este vídeo tem 56 frases e 872 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:12. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 167 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| freeze verbo | /ˈfɹiːz/ | gelar, congelar |
| dense adjetivo | /ˈdɛns/ | denso |
| insulation substantivo | /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/ | insulação, isolamento |
| hunter substantivo | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | cão de caça, sabujo |
| trap substantivo | /tɹæp/ | armadilha, arapuca |
| arch substantivo | /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ | arco |
| vast adjetivo | /væst/ | vasto |
| pocket substantivo | /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ | bolso, algibeira |
| stable substantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | estábulo, cavalariça |
| curious adjetivo | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | curioso |
| soil substantivo | /sɔɪl/ | solo |
| crystal substantivo | /ˈkɹɪstəl/ | cristal |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| physics substantivo | /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ | física |
| seed substantivo | /siːd/ | semente |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| give away verbo | dar, dar de presente |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You might even say it’s… ice cold.
- Where have I heard that before?
- Here's an idea, you should go check it out.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have managed · have I heard · I've ever felt |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is lost · aren't molded · are carved |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar duas coisas | better than · denser than · more evenly than |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — o maior ou o menor de um grupo | the most forbidding · the softest · the most stable |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 12 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, you'll, aren't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, conduction /kənˈdʌkʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/, catenary /ˈkætəˌnɛɹi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: trap /tɹæp/, vast /væst/, pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/, seed /siːd/, sink /ˈsɪŋk/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, soil /sɔɪl/, crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/, seal /siːl/, chill /tʃɪl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/, groundhog /ˈɡɹaʊn(d)ˌ(h)ɔɡ/, hover /ˈhɒvə/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como freeze, dense, insulation.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.