Практика Shadowing: ENGLISH SPEECH | SUNITA WILLIAMS: Lessons From Space (English Subtitles) - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
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After becoming an astronaut, do you view the world from a different angle?
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After becoming an astronaut, do you view the world from a different angle?
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So was it my dream to become an astronaut first and foremost?
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No. You know, when I was growing up,
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I'm so happy we didn't say what year I was born in my introduction,
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but when I was growing up I remember actually seeing the first men walk on the moon.
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And I thought to myself,
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now that would be cool,
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that's what I want to do.
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And it didn't become a reality to become an astronaut,
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like I mentioned earlier, earlier till later when I was a test pilot
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and part of that reality came true because one of the gentlemen
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that was talking his name was John Young
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and he had actually been to the moon twice once landed on it a second time flew around it
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but he mentioned about practicing in some type of vertical landing
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craft to be able to learn how to land on the moon
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and I said oh my gosh I'm a helicopter pilot I already have those skills
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so this is really the first time it dawned on me that I could potentially do this same type of thing.
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And I tell you that because I didn't think about it for a long time until later in life,
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and so I just trekked through my life trying to find the things that I like to do.
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I mentioned that earlier, and I would reemphasize that again.
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If you're interested in being an astronaut,
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we need astronauts from all different fields because there's so much we do up there.
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We're the plumbers, the electricians, the IT guys.
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We're the maintainers, we're the toilet fixers,
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we're the space walkers, we're the scientists.
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And so we need people who have all of those skills to do that.
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So if you're thinking about that,
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you're on the right track.
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And of course, yes, I absolutely view life on this earth.
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I view being able to do whatever you want a lot differently.
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I was not straight-A student in college.
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I had a couple ups and downs in college.
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I had a couple failures as well as a lot of successes.
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And failure is good.
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But what being an astronaut has reminded me is
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that you can do anything you want to do
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if you put your mind to it and have determination and find a path.
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So yes, for sure, I have a different perspective about a lot of things.
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What was your motivation as a child or a student
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that inspired you to move on a path not often undertaken by women?
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I think first of all I didn't think about it that way.
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I just thought of it as something fun to do.
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And my path was not always as straight as it may seem.
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My biography maybe makes things look a little bit like they were straight from one thing to the next,
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but there were a lot of questions along the way.
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So you guys are getting ready to think about what you're going to do in the future, huh?
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I feel locked into something is my one piece of advice.
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I wanted to be a veterinarian when I was growing up.
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I thought for sure I was going to be a veterinarian.
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My father is a doctor.
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Biology is a little bit in our family,
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but I also liked math and physics quite a bit.
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I didn't know what I wanted to do really.
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I just love animals, so I wanted to be a veterinarian.
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I didn't get into my first choices of college,
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so I had to make a second choice about what I wanted to do.
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And the Naval Academy was recommended because my family was pretty athletic and we like camping is what my brother told me.
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I think you like this school because you like camping.
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I said, okay, sure.
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And so that was not my first choice.
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When I was at the Naval Academy,
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I thought I wanted to be a diver because I was a swimmer.
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That seemed very comfortable.
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I didn't get that first choice either.
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So I ended up going to be a pilot.
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When I was a pilot,
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I wanted to fly jets because Top Gun just came out.
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So I thought that was cool.
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And I became a helicopter pilot.
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So the path was not quite straight and it wasn't even until later
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when I was in my mid-20s and I had gone to test pilot school,
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first time I had met an astronaut and knew what astronauts did that I thought,
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wow, you know, I have some of the same things,
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same qualifications that these people have,
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so maybe this is a path that I can take.
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So my point in all of that was my path was not predetermined,
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was not straight, but that's okay.
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I think that's normal for everybody.
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and one of the things that I would leave you with is find something that you like.
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It might take one or two or three tries to figure out what you like,
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but if you find something that you like,
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you'll do it well, and that's most important.
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And I think all of the people who are astronauts,
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not all of them are test pilots.
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We have doctors.
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We actually have a veterinarian.
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We have engineers.
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We have scientists.
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But they're all pretty good at what their fields are because they really enjoy them,
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and then they apply to be astronauts.
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So I would say I never thought about having a career
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that was maybe male dominated and that was maybe even more
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so in the military because they were my teammates
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and we worked together and I think that's more important than singling out somebody for one thing or another.
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So thank you for your question.
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Ma'am, what are the major problems that you face
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when you come back to Earth and how long does it take to regain all your physical abilities?
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We have some, what do you want to say,
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mitigating methods up in space to make sure that people are coming back to Earth as normal as possible.
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There are some things that we can't really totally protect from.
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One of those things is some radiation.
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You know, we are above the atmosphere,
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so we are getting an amount of radiation,
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which is a little bit more than folks get here on Earth.
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We have protective covering on the spacecraft,
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so we do as much as we can while we're out there.
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We have protective covering on our spacesuits.
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So again, we do as much as we can,
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but you do get some radiation and you never can change that.
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But the things that do change is your physiology changes
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which is it's sort of fun actually to watch your body
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change you know things happen like the calluses on your feet start to go away
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because you don't walk you know
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while you're up there my fingernails seem to grow a lot my hair grew a lot
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while I was up there so it's sort of fun to watch all
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that happening no gravity is not taking a toll on you
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I think some of the little wrinkles in your face go away for a couple reasons.
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One, because there's a fluid shift,
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so the fluid comes up to your head.
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But that's just sort of temporary.
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Your spine also expands because of the vertebrae,
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the cartilage between the vertebrae is not having any pressure on it.
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So it makes you a little bit taller while you're up in space.
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But some of those things change when you come back home.
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As soon as you get, you can't escape gravity.
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Once you're here, you're here.
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So you shrink a little bit,
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your back hurts a little bit because you're shrunk back.
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Unfortunately, some of the wrinkles come back, but that's okay.
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That's just life.
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But some of the things that we have to really worry about are bone density and muscle mass, right?
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Because when you're up in space,
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your bones start to leach away right away.
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You don't need, you have this skeletal structure that we have.
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And so essentially, it's advanced osteoporosis.
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It starts to kick in right away for everybody.
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And so to mitigate that,
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We run on the treadmill,
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which you've seen probably pictures of with the harness which holds you down.
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We also do weightlifting, which really helps particularly in the hip area
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and the feet area because we do squat type of exercises with the bar on our back as well as deadlifts.
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And that all helps to regenerate the bone density.
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And then also the cardiovascular with the running on the treadmill and the muscle mass and with the bicycle.
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So all of those things help when we get back.
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So the long answer to your short question is,
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all of
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that new technology with all of those machines allowed most all of us now to come back in pretty good shape.
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So it takes the fluid shift maybe 24 hours or 48 hours
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or so to get back to normal so
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that your blood volume is back to normal so you can actually do more physical fitness, physical exercises.
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but my bone density muscle mass were essentially the same
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and we were able to test that about a week after getting home
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and you could sort of you can see people are the same as
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when they left because we work out so rigorously
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while we're up in space there's also new diets that we're trying
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while we're up there because there's definitely some things
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that are in the diet that will cause bone density issues
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so we we test ourselves right away the first moment we get back about 10 days after we get back,
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two weeks after we get back,
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a month, and then I'm going to have another test at about six months,
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but should be pretty much back to normal within two weeks or so,
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generally back to normal the astronauts lose consciousness during takeoff since it's against gravity
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and high speed makes you feel dizzy did you feel someone
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has taken you by your shoulders lift up is a little
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bit in a spacecraft the way they have us seated
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and the way that the the the gravity force the g kicks in is what we we call a G factor, right?
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How much G, like right now we have one G of gravity pushing on us.
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It's a little bit different than in an airplane that people think about loss of consciousness in an airplane with somebody,
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what they call pulls too many Gs.
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Sometimes you have loss of consciousness.
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And the reason for that is the blood is draining from your head and that will make you lose consciousness.
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In a spacecraft, the way we are seated and the way that the G kicks in is,
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like I mentioned, it pushes down here on your chest.
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So it makes it a little bit harder to breathe because it's pushing your lungs down,
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but it doesn't pull the blood out of your head.
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So no, none of us lost consciousness on takeoff or even landing for that matter.
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You can have a abnormal landing.
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We call it ballistic landing,
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which is a down mode from the normal type of landing,
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and in that case, the G level can get up to about 8 or 9,
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so that's pretty extreme.
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And we've had a couple people who have had that experience.
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It's not a bad mode of the spacecraft,
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the Soyuz, it's just a down-moding,
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just not acting normally, but it's not anything bad,
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it's just how it's designed.
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It's aerodynamically designed to do that, and it's fully survivable.
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But in that case, that was a little bit excessive pressure.
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If you can imagine, eight times gravity is pushing down on you.
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It's pretty huge.
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But it's not for a long period of time.
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And we test this out so we all know what
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that feels like by riding in a centrifuge in Star City outside of Moscow where we do the training.
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We're in a centrifuge and we go through the whole landing profile with
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that number of G's so you can feel what it's like.
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So no loss of conscious under normal launch or landing.
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A ballistic might have some impacts.
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Everything's in one place community.englishspeeches.ca Let's speak English.
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Together.
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