ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Biggest Megaprojects in the World
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From the world's largest statue in the middle of nowhere in India, to an exact copy of Paris in China,
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and from this really unusual bridge to the biggest stolen building in the world, here are seven of the weirdest megaprojects in the world.
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This video was made possible by Morning Brew, and this is number 7.
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MSG Sphere in Las Vegas.
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Las Vegas is sometimes called the entertainment capital of the world, and the new MSG Sphere is a testament to that nickname.
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The Madison Square Garden Sphere is a new music and entertainment area which is currently under construction.
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The sphere will be 112 meters high and 157 meters wide at its widest point, making it the largest sphere in the world.
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The arena inside will have 17 ,500 seats for concerts, shows, and other entertainment experiences.
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It's meant to be entirely immersive and will use motion, sound, visuals, scent, and temperature to fully engage audience members.
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On the visual side, the MSG Sphere will have the world's largest LED screen,
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which at an insane resolution of 19 ,000 by 13 ,500 will wrap around the audience for a fully immersive experience.
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The exterior will be entirely made of screens as well, which will transform the Sphere into anything for people walking by.
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The MSG Sphere is built to be the largest, most immersive entertainment experience in Las Vegas.
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Ground broke in September of 2018, and construction on the basement began in July of 2019.
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The exterior of the Sphere was completed in June of 2021, and interior work began in August 2021.
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Officials project that the Sphere will open in 2023 for audiences wanting an amazing entertainment experience.
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In total, the MSG Sphere will most likely cost 1 .8 billion US dollars by the time it opens up.
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Next up on our list is the biggest statue in the world.
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Instead of browsing aimlessly through Instagram Reels or TikTok, I now read the free newsletter from Morning Brew, this video's sponsor.
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And this is number 6.
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The Statue of Unity This memorial statue is the largest statue in the world,
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reaching a total height of 240 meters above Gujarat, India.
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The statue depicts Valabhabai Patel, an important Indian historical figure.
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To give you an idea, this statue is 110 times taller than the average human.
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But how does it stack up to other megaprojects?
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It's almost six times as tall as the 38 -meter -tall statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro.
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and more than two and a half times as tall as the Statue of Liberty at 93 meters,
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and still much taller than the second tallest statue in the world, the Spring Temple Buddha in China.
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And for reference, here's the Statue of Unity in comparison to the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building.
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Each foot of the Statue of Unity is about 70 feet long.
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Considering that the average shoe size for men is about 10 .5 in the U .S., His shoe size would be an 80 in the US,
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which equals a 352 in the European Union.
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The statue is so tall that you can easily see it from 7 kilometers away.
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Inside are a museum, exhibition area, memorial gardens, and an observation gallery.
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Of the five zones inside the statue, three are accessible to the public.
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The other two are maintenance areas.
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Every day, about 15 ,000 tourists visit the statue.
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Although the color of the statue is reddish copper right now,
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the Statue of Unity will slowly turn green over the next 100 years due to copper oxidation.
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This is the same thing that happened to the Statue of Liberty, which used to have a copper color as well.
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The massive statue is meant to represent Vallabhabhai Patel, the first home minister of Independent India.
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He managed to unite all 562 princely states in pre -Independent India, which won him the honor of the statue and a memorial from his people.
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The Statue of Unity began construction in October of 2013 in the middle of protests from the surrounding villages.
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22 villages in the area complained
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that the construction of the statue would lead to environmental destruction and the displacement of several villages.
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Still, the construction continued.
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Three small models were created to perfect the design, which was revised each time until it was finally approved.
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The approved model was then scanned using 3D technology and sent to large factories in China.
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These factories would be responsible for casting the massive copper plates that would create the exterior of the statue.
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China had the only facilities big enough to perform this casting.
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The pieces were then sent overseas and assembled in a nearby warehouse where they waited to be lifted onto the statue.
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3 ,000 workers and 250 engineers worked together to make the Statue of Unity a reality.
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As far as other safety features, the statue features two 250 -ton mass dampers, just like a skyscraper.
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These dampers help to improve structural security.
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Because of these and other safety measures, the statue can withstand 180 km per hour winds and earthquakes of up to a 6 .5 category.
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The complete construction of the statue, including all of its safety measures, costs 27 billion rupees, or 422 million US dollars.
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It was opened on October 31, 2018, Patel's 143rd birthday.
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Number 5.
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Pont Jacques Chabin -Delmas In 2013, a new vertical lift bridge opened in Bordeaux, France.
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Built to increase traffic along the Garonne River, it's a feat of engineering and boasts a unique design as well.
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The Pont Jacques Chabang d 'Alma began construction in 2009 and includes four pylons with a 117 -meter lifting span between them.
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In total, the bridge spans 575 meters, making it the longest vertical lift bridge in Europe.
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The pylons house counterweights to help the span lift to their height required by river traffic.
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They also contain lights that change based on the water level.
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They glow blue for high tide and green for low tide.
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When building this bridge, officials knew they had to keep the river traffic flowing, even as they connected the Bacallan and Bastide areas,
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which are undergoing revitalization efforts.
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The bridge had to lay close to the water, and the proposed design would blend in with the surrounding quays.
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It only takes 12 minutes to raise the bridge span.
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The bridge is named for the former French Prime Minister and Mayor of Bordeaux, and will handle 43 ,000 vehicles per day.
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The total cost of this odd construction project was 160 million euros, or roughly 195 million US dollars.
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Number 4.
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Dubai Frame The largest picture frame in the world stands 150 meters above Zabil Park in Dubai.
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This glass, aluminum, and steel structure stands as a gateway between the past and the future,
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and stands to emphasize where Dubai has been and where it's going next.
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It is built to emphasize the luxury of Dubai.
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One side of the frame's observation deck looks out on the older parts of the city,
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while the other gives tourists a view of skyscrapers and the futuristic developments over the past 50 years, including the Burj Khalifa.
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It's a popular destination in Dubai.
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In 2019 alone, over 17 million people visited the frame.
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Construction on the frame began in 2013.
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The central glass observation deck was assembled on the ground, and then raised and settled between the towers.
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On the outside, laminate glass panels created a golden ring design which mimics the World Expo 2022 logo,
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an intentional advertisement since Dubai is hosting this event.
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The museum inside the frame looks back at the history of the United Arab Emirates.
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Visitors are transported through time and finally come to a virtual reality exhibit it called the Future of Dubai.
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Here, they observe a futuristic city based on wind power, complete with flying cars, drone deliveries,
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numerous new megaprojects, and many other technological advancements.
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The idea for the Dubai Frame was born in 2009 when ThyssenKrupp held a contest to design a retrospective elevator for Dubai.
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The goal was to design a unique elevator tower
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that would allow tourists to ride up and observe an aerial view of the city.
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Of the more than 4 ,600 architects who took part in the competition,
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Fernando Doniz came out on top and won with his design of the Dubai Frame.
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Doniz's structure is based on the Golden Ratio, or 1 to 1 .618.
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This ratio is an architectural and artistic standard for structural support and beauty.
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It's reflected in buildings such as the Great Pyramid at Giza and the Parthenon.
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The frame is a golden rectangle, an example of perfect design.
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ThyssenKrupp's competition had a number of other interesting entries, including Luo Siwei's Magic Mirror,
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a twisted circular design that would frame the Burj Khalifa in a perfect circle when looking from the right angle, as well as Hanbul Luz,
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the Flying Colors of Dubai, an elevator surrounded by colorful flakes.
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Fernando Doniz's design was used for the frame, but he claims that he was not compensated correctly.
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While he received the prize money from winning the competition, he says that Dubai never paid him the full amount for the realization of his project.
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Unfortunately for him, his lawsuit isn't going anywhere because Dubai functionally grants itself immunity to the dispute.
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Donis believes that his intellectual property rights were violated and that the frame is the biggest stolen building of all time.
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Number 3.
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Katara Towers in Lusail City Lusail City is a planned city in Qatar, meant to bring the best urban experiences to elite residents.
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When finished, Lusail City will include entertainment districts, shopping, marinas, resorts, and residential areas.
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The city will accommodate 250 ,000 residents at first, increasing to up to 450 ,000 residents with future developments.
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As of 2021, Lusail will be mostly complete, but parts are still in the works.
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With Qatar hosting the 2022
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World Cup, they are putting a lot of effort into showcasing their mega -projects and technological advances.
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However, it is also known that numerous human rights are violated and many workers are massively exploited in order to create these megaprojects.
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Unfortunately, this is still overlooked by numerous soccer fans and teams around the world.
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One of these megaprojects currently being built is the Lusail Iconic Stadium, which is supposed to be finished by the end of 2021.
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The Iconic Stadium will host only 10 soccer games before being reconfigured to a much smaller stadium.
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But one of the oddest projects in Lusail is the Katara Towers.
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These towers will feature a hotel, luxury apartments, and more.
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The design of these towers makes them strange, but there is a purpose.
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First of all, the Katara Towers' curving structure brings to mind a crescent moon, a symbol of hospitality in Qatar.
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The shape is also an iconographic representation of the dual swords on Qatar's national seal.
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The towers will become a beacon of hospitality and national pride once finished.
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The project was first proposed in 2014 and should be completed by the beginning of the World Cup in 2022.
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The total cost of constructing these unique towers is about 2 .2 billion QR, or 604 million US dollars.
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Number 2.
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Beijing Daxing International Airport Located on the border of Beijing and Langfang in the Hebei province,
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Beijing Daxing is the capital's second international airport.
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Nicknamed the Starfish for its unusual six -spoked design,
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this airport houses the world's largest single -building airport terminal with a size of roughly 97 soccer fields.
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At its peak, the new international airport would be able to handle up to 200 million passengers a year.
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If it reached this capacity, it would become the world's busiest airport.
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To help with this volume, the check -in process is handled by facial recognition.
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Passengers may not have to wait in long lines or speak with receptionists to board their flights,
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since the airport also plans to deploy robot -enabled customer service to help passengers as they move through the terminal.
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In 2012, Beijing's original airport, Beijing Capital International Airport was reaching its full passenger capacity.
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The original design was pushed to its limits, but the demand kept growing and growing.
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Passenger rates were rising at about 5 % per year consistently, and the old Beijing Capital Airport needed some relief.
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In December of 2014, construction began at Beijing Daxing International Airport.
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The initial proposition included nine runways and 600 ,000 new jobs for the residents of Beijing.
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It took five years for construction to complete.
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In that time, 11 villages were removed to make room.
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While the design of the airport looks very unique and interesting, it also has a purpose.
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The architect Zaha Hadid designed the airport for aesthetics and convenience.
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The central area's courtyard is an essential place for passengers and their family to meet.
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But the spoked design also allows travelers to reach their planes faster.
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It only takes about eight minutes to walk from the security checkpoint to any gate.
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In addition, the design makes it faster for passengers to get into the airport and out of it.
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The spokes make parking and retrieving planes faster as well, so it hopes to minimize the time spent in the airport.
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Instead of the nine projected runways, the airport currently only has five, four of which are civilian runways and one for military usage.
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Still, it can handle about 300 takeoffs and landings per hour due to the highly optimized design of the airport.
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Getting to the airport by train isn't a problem either.
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The Daxing Airport Express is a high -speed rail system that travels under Beijing Daxing.
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The underground rail system is supported by over 1 ,000 anti -shock cushions to reduce the vibration of the train, keeping passengers above unaware.
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If that wasn't enough, the airport also boasts an artificial lake that is sourced from rainwater.
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Six pools collect rainwater, storing it in an interior channel.
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After filtering and purification, the water is reused for the airport's aesthetic water features, including the lake.
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The airport served 16 million passengers in 2020, and that number is growing.
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It cost the government about 80 billion yuan, or 11 .4 billion US dollars.
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But what about the old airport?
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Beijing Capital International Airport is still in operation.
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Many high -capacity airlines are making the switch to Beijing Daxing, including most of China's SkyTeam Airport Alliance,
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Sharing the passenger load has given the old airport some much -needed relief.
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1. Tianduchang in China Imitation is usually the sincerest form of flattery,
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but this may not be the case for several of China's less original construction projects.
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There are many copycat towns and structures throughout
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China, including replicas of Venice, London, the White House, and more.
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People who live in these unique towns see them as a combination of the best things the world has to offer,
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and they can experience it all without leaving China.
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Tianducheng, or Sky City, is another of these copycat cities.
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Tianducheng is modeled after Paris, right down to the 108 -meter tall replica of the Eiffel Tower.
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China also copied some of the details of Paris like the lampposts on the street
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and the layout of the greenery surrounding the central tower.
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When it opened in 2007, it was meant to house 10 ,000 residents.
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However, as of 2013, only about 2 ,000 people lived there.
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Due to its isolated location just outside of Hangzhou, it was basically a ghost town.
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Nonetheless, residency has slowly increased in recent years, and more and more people are moving to the copycat city.
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New developments have been added to accommodate the higher demand for residency.
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A metro station is expected to open in Tianducheng in 2021, which should increase occupancy and help ease the isolation issue.
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In the future, China is shying away from these imitation projects.
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New bans introduced in 2020 limit these foreign building designs.
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They want to move away from imitating famous places and instead emphasize their own unique Chinese architecture.
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Which of these megaprojects was the weirdest in your opinion?
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Let us know in the comments down below.
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If you want to see more about similar projects, you can watch our video about the world's weirdest looking skyscrapers.
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Thank you for watching, and we'll see you in the next video.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Biggest Megaprojects in the World” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: statue, airport, design, Dubai, frame วิดีโอนี้มี 48 ประโยค และ 2887 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 18:22 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 157 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 78% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| statue คำนาม | /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ | รูปปั้น |
| sphere คำนาม | /sfɪɚ/ | ทรงกลม |
| passenger คำนาม | /ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | ผู้โดยสาร |
| copper คำนาม | /ˈkɒpə/ | ทองแดง |
| observation คำนาม | /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/ | การสังเกต |
| surround คำกริยา | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | ล้อม |
| soccer คำนาม | /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ | ฟุตบอล |
| deck คำนาม | /ˈdɛk/ | ดาดฟ้า |
| spin คำกริยา | /spɪn/ | หมุน, ปั่น |
| emphasize คำกริยา | /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/ | เน้น, เน้นย้ำ |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| rail คำนาม | /ɹeɪ(ə)l/ | ราง |
| steal คำกริยา | /stiːl/ | ขโมย, ลัก |
| ratio คำนาม | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | สัดส่วน, อัตราส่วน |
| terminal คำนาม | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | อาคารผู้โดยสาร |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was made · is sometimes called · is built |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | area which is · well, which will · news, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | haven't lost · has been · has given |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น isn't, don't, haven't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, shoe /ˈʃu/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: memorial /məˈmɔːɹi.əl/, elevator /ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/, accommodate /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: memorial /məˈmɔːɹi.əl/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, rail /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, steal /stiːl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, elevator /ˈɛləˌveɪtɚ/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง statue, sphere, passenger เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ