ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The ENTIRE History of WW1 Explained
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World War I killed over 20 million people and destroyed entire empires.
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But it all started because a driver took a wrong turn on one street in Sarajevo.
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Yeah, seriously.
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One small mistake triggered a chain reaction that dragged the entire world into war.
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Taxi cabs rushed soldiers to save Paris.
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Germany secretly asked Mexico to invade America.
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And a French general predicted exactly when the next world war would start.
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how did that even happen?
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Here's a map of Europe in 1914.
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The major powers had split into two rival groups.
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Over here on one side, you had the Triple Alliance.
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Germany right here in the middle, Austria -Hungary over here, and Italy down here.
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On the other side, the Triple Entente.
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France over here, Russia all the way over here, and Britain up here.
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The idea was simple.
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If you attack my friend, you have to fight me too.
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Hey France, don't even think about attacking us.
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We've got Austria -Hungary Hungary and Italy on our side.
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Oh yeah?
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Well, we've got Russia and Britain on our side.
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So nobody attack anybody.
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Agreed?
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Agreed.
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The problem was that instead of preventing war, these alliances guaranteed that any small fight would drag everybody into a big one.
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On top of all that, Germany and Britain were spending lots and lots of money on their navies.
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Britain launched a warship called the Dreadnought in 1906 that made every other battleship in the world obsolete overnight.
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Germany started building their own.
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Between 1906 and 1914, Britain built 29 dreadnoughts.
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Germany built 17.
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Neither side wanted to stop.
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Meanwhile, down here in southeastern Europe, you had the Balkans.
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And the Balkans were a mess.
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apart, and everybody wanted a peace.
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Serbia over here had doubled in size after two Balkan wars,
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and Austria -Hungary was terrified that Serbian nationalism would tear their own empire apart from the inside.
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So Europe was basically a room full of people pointing loaded guns at each other, and all the guns were connected by tripwires.
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All it needed was one spark.
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On June 28, 1914, Sarajevo,
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right here in Bosnia, with his wife, Sophie.
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Six assassins from a group connected to a Serbian secret society called the Black Hand were waiting along his motorcade route.
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The first one threw a grenade that bounced off the Archduke's car and hit the vehicle behind them.
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20 people were hurt, but the Archduke was fine.
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The assassination had failed.
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But then, Franz Ferdinand insisted on visiting the injured at the hospital.
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His driver took a wrong turn, stalled the car, and ended up stopped right in front of a 19 -year -old named Gavrilo Princip.
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Princip pulled out a pistol and fired two shots.
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Both Franz Ferdinand and his wife were dead within the hour.
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And now, the tripwires started snapping.
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"Hey Germany, Serbia just killed our Archduke.
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We want to crush them.
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You backing us?
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Whatever you need, we've got your back." a list of 10 demands that were basically designed to be impossible.
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Serbia accepted nine of them.
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But Austria declared war anyway.
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Then Russia started mobilizing its army to defend Serbia.
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So Germany declared war on Russia.
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Then Germany declared war on France because France was allied with Russia.
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Then Germany invaded Belgium over here to get to France faster.
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And Britain declared war on Germany because Britain had a treaty to protect Belgium.
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Hey Britain, you can't be serious A treaty?
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That's just a scrap of paper.
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In just six days, almost every major country in Europe was at war, and everybody thought it would be over by Christmas.
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Germany's plan was called the Schlieffen Plan: swing a massive army up through Belgium, loop around through here, and crush Paris in six weeks.
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Then turn the whole army around, go all the way over here, and deal with Russia.
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Quick and easy.
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But Belgium actually fought back.
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The fortress city of Liège held the Germans for almost two weeks.
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Then Germany brought in enormous 420 -millimeter siege guns, called Big Bertha, and blasted right through.
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They burned the university library at Leuven with 300 ,000 medieval manuscripts inside.
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About 1 .5 million Belgians became refugees.
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By September, the Germans were within 30 miles of Paris.
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The French government fled to Bordeaux.
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But the Germans had marched so fast that a gap opened between two of their armies.
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French General Joffer spotted it and counter -attacked.
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600 Paris taxicabs rushed soldiers to the front.
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The Battle of the Marne stopped the German advance, and the Schlieffen Plan was dead.
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Then both sides tried to outflank each other, racing northward toward the English Channel.
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When they ran out of room, they started digging.
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By Christmas 1914, a continuous trench line stretched 475 miles from the North Sea all the way down here to the Swiss border.
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And that front line barely moved for the next three years.
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Now, speaking of that first Christmas, something strange happened.
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On Christmas Eve, German soldiers started singing "Silent Night" across no man's land.
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British soldiers answered with their own carols.
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About 100 ,000 men climbed out of their trenches, exchanged cigarettes and food, and buried each other's dead.
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It was the last time anything like that ever happened.
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By the next Christmas, commanders ordered artillery to fire on Christmas Eve, just to make sure nobody tried singing again.
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And those trenches were a nightmare.
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in narrow ditches filled with mud, rats, and dead bodies.
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Lice covered almost every man on the front.
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A disease called trench foot rotted soldiers' feet from standing in water for days.
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And then, in April 1915, Germany introduced something new: poison gas.
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At the Second Battle of Ypres, Germany released 168 tons of chlorine gas along a four -mile stretch of the front.
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Soldiers who round in their own lungs.
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Both sides started using gas after that.
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Meanwhile, on the eastern front over here, things moved faster but were just as bloody.
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At the Battle of Tannenberg in August, the Germans destroyed an entire Russian army in four days.
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Russia lost 92 ,000 prisoners.
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But Russia crushed Austria -Hungary's army down in Galicia, killing or wounding 420 ,000 men.
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The Habsburgs never recovered from that.
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The Ottoman Empire also joined the war after German warships flying Ottoman flags bombarded Russian ports.
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So now the war stretched all the way from Belgium over here to the Middle East down here.
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In 1915, the British came up with a plan: "Hey, let's attack the Ottoman Empire right here at Gallipoli,
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force open the Dardanelles, and open a supply route to Russia." A young politician named Winston Churchill pushed the whole thing.
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the Allies on the beaches for eight months.
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Each side lost roughly 250 ,000 men.
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Churchill had to resign.
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Now it's 1916, and the war got a whole lot worse.
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At Verdun, right here in France, Germany tried to bleed France dry.
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The battle lasted 303 days and produced roughly 750 ,000 single battle.
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Then, the British launched their own offensive at the Somme.
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They dropped 1 .5 million shells on the German lines for a week.
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Most of them missed.
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British soldiers went over the top and walked straight into machine gun fire.
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First day, July 1, 1916.
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57 ,000 British casualties.
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19 ,000 dead.
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The bloodiest day in British military history.
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The whole battle lasted five months, cost over a million casualties.
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And the front moved about 6 miles.
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But one good thing came out of the Somme.
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The British brought a new weapon.
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A big, armored vehicle that could cross trenches and crush barbed wire.
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What are you building?
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Water tanks. For who?
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Russia.
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Then why are you testing them on the battlefield?
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No more questions, please.
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They were called tanks.
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The name stuck.
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Now it's 1917.
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And three big things happened that changed everything.
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First, Russia collapsed.
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Lots and lots of people were starving.
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The army was falling apart, and in March 1917, revolution toppled the Tsar.
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A few months later, a man named Lenin seized power and pulled Russia out of the war.
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Russia signed a terrible peace deal, giving up a third of its population, a third of its farmland, and 90 % of its coal mines.
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But the big problem for the Allies was that a million German soldiers were now free to head west.
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Second, to Mexico.
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Hey, Mexico, if the United States joins the war against us, how about you invade America?
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And if you win, you can have Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back.
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Uh, you want us to invade the United States?
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Yes.
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And you think that's going to work?
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Just Do it.
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British codebreakers intercepted the telegram.
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American newspapers published it.
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On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war on Germany.
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And third, the French army almost broke.
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After a disastrous attack that killed 130 ,000 men in days, soldiers in about half of all French divisions refused to attack.
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They agreed to keep defending their trenches, but they would not charge into machine guns again.
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The new commander, Pétain, calmed things down with better food and regular leave.
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months away from arriving in large numbers.
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Germany knew it had one last chance.
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In March 1918, over 6 ,000 guns fired a million shells in five hours.
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Stormtroopers punched through the lines and advanced 40 miles, the biggest gain since 1914.
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But Germany was losing its best soldiers faster than it could replace them.
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By July, the offensive was dead.
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Then it was the Allies' turn.
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On August 8th, British, Australian, and Canadian forces smashed through the German lines at Amiens and captured 17 ,000 prisoners in a single day.
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The top German general called it "the Black Day of the German Army." The Kaiser told him the war must end.
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And it all collapsed fast.
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Bulgaria surrendered September 29.
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The Ottoman Empire, October 30.
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Austria -Hungary, November 3.
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German sailors mutinied.
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The mutiny spread across Germany.
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The Kaiser abdicated on November 9 and fled to the Netherlands.
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Two days later, on November 11, 1918, at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the guns went silent.
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The armistice was signed in a railway car in a French forest near Compiègne.
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And now, it was time to figure out who owed what to whom.
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The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination in Sarajevo.
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Hey, Germany, this war was your fault.
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We didn't start it.
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Doesn't matter.
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You're paying for it.
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How much?
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132 billion gold marks.
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And you're losing 13 % of your territory over here.
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And all your colonies.
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And your military gets capped at 100 ,000 men.
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No air force.
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No tanks.
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No submarines.
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Anything else?
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Yes.
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You're not allowed to join with Austria.
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Ever.
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This.. doesn't seem fair.
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Sign it or we invade.
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Four empires that had existed for centuries were gone: the German Empire, the Austro -Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
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New countries appeared all over the map: Poland over here, Czechoslovakia here, Yugoslavia here, Finland,
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Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania up here.
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The Middle East was carved up between Britain and who had served on the Western Front,
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would spend the next 20 years exploiting Germany's anger over the treaty.
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French Marshal Foch looked at the whole thing and said, "This is not a peace.
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It is an armistice for 20 years." He was off by 65 days.
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เป้าหมายการพูดสำหรับคลิปนี้
คลิปนี้มุ่งเน้นไปที่การพัฒนาทักษะการพูดภาษาอังกฤษโดยเฉพาะในด้านการเล่าเรื่องและการใช้ภาษาที่มีความชัดเจนและมีอารมณ์ เพื่อให้ผู้เรียนสามารถเข้าใจและสื่อสารเรื่องราวที่ยากได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ เช่น การสื่อสารเกี่ยวกับเหตุการณ์สำคัญในประวัติศาสตร์อย่างสงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง การฝึกฝนกับคลิปนี้จะช่วยให้ผู้ฟังพัฒนาความคล่องแคล่วในระดับหนึ่ง โดยเฉพาะเมื่อพูดถึงเรื่องราวที่ซับซ้อน
คลังคำศัพท์
- assassination - การลอบสังหาร
- alliance - การเป็นพันธมิตร
- empire - อาณาจักร
- nationalism - ชาติพันธุ์นิยม
- spark - จุดชนวน
- predicted - ทำนาย
การใช้คำศัพท์เหล่านี้ในประโยคจะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนสามารถสื่อสารเรื่องราวได้ดียิ่งขึ้นและเพิ่มความเข้าใจในบริบทต่าง ๆ
ปรับปรุงจุดอ่อน
การดูคลิปนี้จะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนสามารถปรับปรุงการออกเสียงภาษาอังกฤษได้ โดยเฉพาะในด้านการออกเสียงที่ถูกต้องและจังหวะการพูดที่เหมาะสม การใช้เทคนิค shadow speech หรือการพูดตามเสียงในคลิปจะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนสามารถฝึกฝนได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ เมื่อทำตามจังหวะและน้ำเสียงของผู้พูดในวิดีโอ ผู้เรียนสามารถพัฒนาความมั่นใจในการพูดและเพิ่มความคล่องแคล่วในภาษาอังกฤษ
นอกจากนี้ การฝึกกับ shadowspeak จะช่วยให้การออกเสียงของผู้เรียนมีความชัดเจนมากขึ้น พร้อมกับการปรับปรุงการใช้โทนเสียงในการพูด ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งสำคัญในการสื่อสารที่มีประสิทธิภาพ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ