ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Top 5 Insider Interview Questions Data Analysts Must Master Before Any Interview!
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205 ประโยค
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I analyzed thousands of data analysts interview questions,
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and today we're going to go over the top five different types of questions
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that I saw that you'll be expected to face in your next interview.
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Number one, behavioral interview questions.
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Behavioral interview questions are the most common type of question
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that you're expected to see in almost any data analyst interview going forward.
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Unlike data scientists that spend probably 70% of their time coding and doing IC work and maybe 30% talking to stakeholders,
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data analyst work probably falls more in that 50-50 range,
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where they're spending a lot more time actually interacting with people,
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gathering requirements, creating charts, and collaborating with stakeholders.
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Data analyst positions are generally pretty junior.
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Another reason is that most people that apply for data analyst positions are generally more junior in their career.
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So for a lot of new grads,
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you're expected to see a lot of behavioral questions because they're trying to see how well you work with other people.
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For example, some really common questions are,
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how would you approach
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x issue did you ever face y problem tell me about a situation where your time management went wrong
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and how you fix it in answering these kinds of questions the easiest way to do
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so is always to pick two
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or three different stories where in your past experience you were
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kind of depicted as a rock stone the best thing about
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picking just a few different stories where you can rehearse them really well
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and know them down to a t is that you can reapply these for all different kinds of question.
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That same story that you use where you're showcasing your star project,
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you can probably also talk about how you apply time management in there,
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how you maybe you solve the conflict with another group member,
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and it also describes how you work with other people.
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Another way to approach this is to use a star framework,
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which is situation, task, action, and result.
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And I don't want to go too into it here.
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You can always check out my other video on data science behavioral interview questions down below.
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Now, I want to stop right here before going to the next question
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because I want to add a caveat about how often the interview questions are going to show up for your interview.
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One thing I noticed in my analysis of different company interviews is
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that behavioral interview questions for data analyst interviews do come up more often depending on a variety of factors.
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Namely, if the company that you're interviewing for is more non-tech,
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so for example, something in finance like JP Morgan or airlines like American Airlines or even consulting like Deloitte,
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A lot of the times they're going to emphasize behavioral interview questions more than the actual technical ones.
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The more tech-focused companies like Facebook,
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Amazon, or the fan companies are going to emphasize more technical questions compared to the behavioral ones.
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And sometimes for a lot of these non-tech companies,
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I've seen them ask only behavioral interview questions and they won't even ask you a single technical question at all.
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The second thing to note is that the number of behavioral interview questions
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that are asked is also correlated with generally less pay.
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That's apparent because our next data analyst interview question type is on SQL.
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Now SQL questions also range in difficulty and they also depend on what kind of data analyst interview you're going for.
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So for example, pulling directly from Glassdoor and other sources,
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you'll see companies like American Airlines will literally just ask you
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on a scale of one to 10 how good your skill level is on SQL,
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Python, and other technical skills.
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They might also ask you an example of simple questions on SQL,
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such as explaining what a CTE is,
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or describing the difference between different types of joints.
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These questions are meant to test your knowledge of SQL,
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but they're not really expecting you to really test your effectiveness in writing SQL query.
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Again, these questions show up for more non-tech companies,
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whereas actual tech companies like Facebook and Amazon will give you case studies like these.
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So for example, they'll give you two tables,
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one with managers and one with employees,
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and they'll ask you to write a query to find the manager with the biggest team side.
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Now, these kinds of SQL questions are more like SQL case studies,
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and companies like Amazon for their data analyst interview will even go a step further with their technical screen on SQL questions.
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They'll ask you first a question like the manager team size is one,
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and then they'll give you harder and harder questions.
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You're given the same two tables.
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Now write a query to find all the employees that join before the manager.
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For the Amazon data analyst interview,
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they'll give you five concurrent questions,
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each one a little bit harder than the next.
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Each candidate is then benchmarked on how well they do.
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So if you can solve all five questions within the amount of time for the technical interview,
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then they'll generally pass that interview.
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But over time, if they see that more candidates are passing the technical screen pretty easily,
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then they'll make those questions slightly harder.
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Because at the end of the day,
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Amazon is trying to filter out around 50% of the candidates at every step of the interview.
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If you want to check out more SQL interview questions,
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check out my video below where I've conducted mock interviews with
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multiple different kinds of data scientists at top tech companies on SQL.
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The next common question that you're going to see is the analytics case study question.
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Now analytics case study questions can comprise of various levels of difficulty.
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The easiest ones are generally the most straightforward where they're asking you a theoretical case.
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So for example, what metrics would you use to measure the success of a product?
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Another one would be something like,
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we've seen a drop in conversion rate over the last week,
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how would you investigate what would happen?
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Now while these are more theoretical in nature,
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sometimes you'll actually have to go into the actual data set that the interviewer provide and analyze the actual data.
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And I really like these questions myself as an interviewer
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because these give me a two-for-one kind of case study where I can figure out,
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one, how good their analytical reasoning skills are,
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and two, exactly how good their actual SQL or technical skills are as well.
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So let's take an example question.
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So you're given a table that represents search results from all searches on Facebook.
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The query column is a search term and the position column represents each position their search result came in.
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And lastly, the rating column represents human of a search result from one to five,
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but five is high relevance and one is low.
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So in this example, we have to solve two things.
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One is we actually have to create the metric on our own,
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given the problem requirements.
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And the second is that we also have to write the query.
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So let's try to tackle the first part.
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How do we construct a metric that actually applies a good rating for every search result?
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Well, let's look at the problem.
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For example, if the first result is rated at a five and the last result is rated at a one, that's good.
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But it'd be better if the first result is rated five and the last result is also rated five.
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The worst example scenario would be if the first result is rated as a one and the last result is a file.
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So looking at this, I guess the actual answer
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that we should do is we should inverse the position as a weighted factor.
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In this case, we would apply one over the position as a weighted score.
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Now, no matter what the overall rating is,
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we have a way to weigh the position into the formula.
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Let's take another example.
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So let's say that you're given event data from a social networking site like Facebook.
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A product manager is interested in understanding the average number of sessions that occur every day.
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However, the company has not technically defined what a session is yet.
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Given a data set of events,
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how would you define what a raw session looks like for a company like Facebook?
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Then write a query to return the average number of sessions per day.
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So again, from our example here, we're doing two things.
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One is we're actually defining the metric at large,
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and then two is that we're actually going through and writing a query for this example schema.
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The next common interview question that we see on the interview is Python.
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So Python questions comprised of two different types.
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One is data manipulation that involves pandas.
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So that means basically taking a SQL interview question
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and transposing it into more of a pandas interview question because they both deal with data manipulation.
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The second one is more around general kind of string manipulation,
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data manipulation that you can do with just using other data structures in Python.
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The reason why Python is so popular now is
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that data analysts have slowly transitioned away from R and S-A-S as kind of the main tools for data analysis,
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given that Python now has much more modularity when it comes to working with different kinds of data analytics tools,
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dashboards like Streamlit, and also being able to implement anything
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that you need more in a script in production easier than scaling out languages like R.
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The other thing to note is that most Python interview questions are going to be fairly easy.
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You won't expect anything from leak code in your data analyst interview.
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At the end of the day,
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the most that data analysts will work on in pipeline is probably writing scripts and not really scaling anything in production.
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Example question that was asked recently at Deloitte would be,
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given a list of integers,
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identify all of the duplicate values in the list.
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So pretty standard.
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A solution here would be to create a dictionary and add all of the integers as the keys,
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and then the counts of the actual duplicates would be anything greater than one.
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And those would be the values that we would return.
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Another really common Python data analyst interview question we've been seeing recently is one around string shift.
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So given two strings, A and B,
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write a function can shift to return whether
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or not A can be shifted to the number of places to get to B.
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The last question that we see on data analyst interviews are around statistics and A-B testing type interview questions.
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Baseline of a lot of data analytics work is obviously fundamentally based in stats.
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Specifically, there's a couple of concepts that we wanna talk about here, right?
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Cause there's the causal inference part of statistics and then there's also the A-B testing part,
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which is more experimentation.
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At the base of both of those is just general statistics questions
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that you might perceive if you're interviewing for an entry-level data analyst.
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The company might ask you,
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what are Z tests and T tests?
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What's the difference between them and when should we use either of them?
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A t-test is a statistical test
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that uses the t family of distributions to compare two means to see if they're significantly different from each other.
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And they're typically conducted when the population standard deviation is unknown.
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So generally these kinds of questions are gonna be more definition-based.
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You're just gonna have to remember these in general,
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especially if you're expected to have a more broader and fundamental statistical analysis background.
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More practical case study is one where the solution the case study is actually a type of formula
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that you might have to know
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so for example the capital approval rates have gone down for
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our overall approval rate let's say last week is 85
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and the approval rate went down 82 this week
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which is a statistically significant reduction the first analysis shows
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that all the approval rates stayed flat or increased over time
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when we have products product one 84 85 percent week over week product 277 to 77 product 381 82
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and product 488 to 88 what could be the cause of the decrease now
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if you know you know
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and for example this solution the actual answer is the simpson's paradox the simpson's paradox is a phenomenon
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when basically a trend shows in several groups either disappears
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or is reversed when combining the data and that's
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because the size of some of these groups is maybe larger than the size of other groups
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which causes conflation when we merge all the data together wow this is a lot of information
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and it's a lot to How do I actually prepare for my next interview?
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I would then highly recommend InterviewPro,
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which is a company that I founded five years ago.
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We are the number one interview prep platform for data analytics,
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and we have hundreds of data analysts,
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interview questions, and course material on data analytics as well.
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Specifically, we have a learning path that you can take
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that has over 10 plus hours of course content that guides you through causal inference,
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inference, data analytics case studies,
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and different types of interview questions like statistics, SQL, Python, and more.
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But don't just take my word for it.
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I know it sounds great and stuff.
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Let's look at Siobhan, who actually landed a job using the interview query.
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He sent me an email that said, Hi, Jay.
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I actually use your videos and platform to help me prepare for my interview.
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And I got a job as a data analyst and product analytics at Autodesk.
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Before my interviews, I would watch your videos and go over any questions they may ask.
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Thank you for your work on the platform.
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I had a friend interviewing for data jobs and he's an engineer,
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so I recommended you get your platform.
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We're so happy about our success stories.
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And if you're looking for facing your next interview,
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obviously check out Interview Query.
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You can use the link below.
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Thanks for watching everyone.
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บริบทและพื้นฐาน
ในวิดีโอนี้ ผู้พูดได้แบ่งปันประสบการณ์ที่เกี่ยวกับคำถามในการสัมภาษณ์สำหรับข้อมูลนักวิเคราะห์ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในเทคนิคที่นักวิเคราะห์จะต้องเตรียมตัวให้พร้อมก่อนการสัมภาษณ์งานจริง คำตอบจะเน้นไปที่หัวข้อต่าง ๆ ที่สำคัญ เช่น คำถามเกี่ยวกับพฤติกรรม และวิธีการตอบคำถามเหล่านี้ รวมถึงบทบาทของ SQL และเทคนิคอื่น ๆ ที่จะช่วยให้ผู้สัมภาษณ์นำเสนอตนเองได้อย่างมั่นใจ
คำถามที่สำคัญ 5 ประการสำหรับการสื่อสารประจำวัน
- คุณจะจัดการกับปัญหา X อย่างไร?
- คุณเคยประสบปัญหา Y ไหม?
- เล่าให้ฟังเกี่ยวกับสถานการณ์ที่การจัดการเวลาของคุณล้มเหลว และคุณจะแก้ไขมันอย่างไร?
- มีตัวอย่างที่คุณสามารถแสดงให้เห็นถึงความร่วมมือในการทำงานกับคนอื่นได้ไหม?
- คุณสามารถบอกระดับความเชี่ยวชาญของคุณใน SQL, Python และทักษะทางเทคนิคอื่น ๆ ได้หรือไม่?
คู่มือการฝึกพูดแบบขั้นตอน
การเตรียมตัวตอบคำถามในการสัมภาษณ์ไม่เพียงแค่ต้องมีความรู้ด้านเทคนิค แต่ยังต้องฝึกพูดด้วย เทคนิคชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษ (shadowspeak) เป็นวิธีที่ช่วยให้คุณสามารถฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษแบบธรรมชาติ โดยการสะท้อนคำพูดจากผู้พูดในวิดีโอนี้ ซึ่งให้ความรู้เกี่ยวกับคำถามและคำตอบที่คุณควรรู้จัก
ขั้นตอนที่ 1: ฟังและทำความเข้าใจเนื้อหาในวิดีโอ คุณควรพยายามทำความเข้าใจคำถามและวิธีการที่ผู้พูดตอบคำถามเหล่านั้น
ขั้นตอนที่ 2: ฝึกพูดตาม (shadow speech) โดยการทวนคำพูดที่ได้ยิน คำถามหรือคำตอบแต่ละประโยคที่คุณได้ยิน ควรพยายามพูดตามให้ได้ความรู้สึกที่เหมือนจริง
ขั้นตอนที่ 3: ใช้ระบบ STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) ในการตอบคำถามพฤติกรรม เพื่อให้คำตอบของคุณมีโครงสร้างและชัดเจนมากขึ้น ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณรู้สึกมั่นใจมากขึ้นในการสัมภาษณ์
ด้วยการฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษผ่านเทคนิคต่าง ๆ และการนำเสนอข้อมูลได้อย่างถูกต้อง คุณจะสามารถเพิ่มความมั่นใจในการสัมภาษณ์และพัฒนาทักษะการสื่อสารของคุณได้ดียิ่งขึ้น
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be expected · are asked · are meant |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've seen · I've conducted · we've seen |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ