Shadowing Practice: How Small is an Atom? - Learn English Speaking with Video

What's the smallest thing you can think of?

Maybe a penny or a button?

How about a Cheerio?

Its height is about half of a centimeter.

For comparison there are 100 centimeters in a meter.

Let's go smaller, a grain of salt.

This is about 0.3 millimeters.

There are 1,000 millimeters in a meter.

And even smaller.

Bacteria are only a few micrometers.

There are 1 million micrometers in a meter.

A virus is about 20 to 300 nanometers.

There are 1 billion nanometers in a meter.

The diameter of DNA is about 2 nanometers.

The size of an atom is only a few angstroms.

There are 10 billion angstroms in one meter.

When you think of an atom, you probably picture something like this.

On the outside, you've got electrons that have a negative charge.

In the middle is the nucleus.

It's made of neutrons which have no charge and protons which have a positive charge.

This model's a good starting point, but there are a few things here that don't quite agree with modern science.

For one, the size of the nucleus is a lot smaller than this.

If I animate it to scale, you wouldn't even be able to see it.

The same thing with these electrons.

Another thing that's inaccurate is that electrons orbit the nucleus just like a planet orbits a star.

Unfortunately, this is still taught in many textbooks, but it's just not correct.

Let me cover some background first.

Over 2,000 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers had this idea that everything was made of tiny particles.

They called these tiny particles atoms.

It wasn't until the 1800s that we finally started using science to prove that these atoms really exist.

First we thought atoms look like this.

A positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons floating around it.

Then we learned that this positively charged sphere was actually a lot smaller.

We called this the nucleus.

Slowly but surely we learned that the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.

These electrons were tricky.

At first we thought, they have to be doing something so they probably revolve around the nucleus like this.

Electrons were then discovered to have different energy levels.

We call these shells.

Shells can only fit a certain amount of electrons.

The more electrons, the more shells.

It didn't take long before we realize that these shells don't determine how close the electron is to the nucleus.

As it turns out, electrons are a lot more unpredictable.

So if electrons don't orbit the nucleus, what do they do?

Let's start with an idea of an orbit.

Here we have the Earth going around the Sun.

If the Earth is here today, we can use the laws of physics and gravity to predict exactly where the Earth will be three months from now.

We know both both where the Earth is and where it's going.

Now let's go to the size of an atom.

With an electron, things are a little different.

We can't know exactly where it is and where it's going.

We can only know one or the other at any given time.

This means it is impossible to really know what the electron is doing.

The best we can do is predict where the electron will be found.

This area is most commonly known as the electron cloud.

However, if we want to be more specific about where to find electrons, you'll need to know about orbitals.

This is not the same as orbit.

Orbitals are specific shapes where electrons live in.

If you were in a college chemistry class, you'd be studying about how these orbitals fill up as you get more electrons.

But I'd like to keep things simple for this video.

So in short, electrons are uncertain.

We can't know the path that they travel.

Only that they'll be found here in the electron cloud.

So now you know that even though this is a popular way to represent an atom, it can be misleading.

Just to recap what we learned, everything is made of atoms.

Atoms are incredibly small, the nucleus is even smaller, and electrons don't orbit the nucleus.

Their path is unpredictable.

Thanks for watchin' everyone, my name is Jared Owen, and I'll see you next time.

✨ Video Öner

27 cümleler

Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “How Small is an Atom?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: electron, nucleus, atom, orbit, meter. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 68 cümle ve 707 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:23 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 161 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
atom isim	/ˈætəm/	atom
electron isim	/ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/	elektron
orbit isim	/ˈɔɹ.bɪt/	yörünge
metre isim	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	metre
angstrom isim	/ˈæŋstɹəm/	ångström
neutron isim	/ˈnu.tɹɑn/	nötron
proton isim	/ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/	proton
positively zarf	/ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/	olumlu
particle isim	/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/	parçacık
sphere isim	/sfɪɚ/	küre
predict fiil	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	öngörmek, tahmin etmek
animate sıfat	/ˈæn.ə.mət/	canlı, diri
bacterium isim	/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/	bakteri
mislead fiil	/mɪsˈliːd/	ayartmak, saptırmak
philosopher isim	/fəˈlɑsəfɚ/	felsefeci, filozof

Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler

Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:

What's the smallest thing you can think of?
Let's go smaller, a grain of salt.
Let's start with an idea of an orbit.
We can't know the path that they travel.

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı don't, can't, didn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 15 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: micrometer /maɪˈkɹɑmɪtəɹ/, positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/, inaccurate /ɪnˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: proton /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/, sphere /sfɪɚ/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, float /fləʊt/, tricky /ˈtɹɪk.i/
/æ/ — “e”den daha açık: atom /ˈætəm/, angstrom /ˈæŋstɹəm/, animate /ˈæn.ə.mət/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, inaccurate /ɪnˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; atom, electron, orbit gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →

Shadowing Practice: How Small is an Atom? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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