Shadowing Practice: Motor Control Methods Explained - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Every motor in a plant or factory needs some way to start it, stop it, and control it,
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and the motor control method that you choose has real consequences.
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If you pick something too simple, you risk wearing out mechanical systems and damaging product.
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If you choose something too complex, you increase cost and commissioning time.
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In this video, I'll explain the different motor control methods that are available and explain how to choose the right one.
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Motor control is how you make a motor do useful work safely.
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There are four aspects to motor control.
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Starting a motor, stopping a motor, protecting a motor, and regulating a motor's speed.
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Depending on the application's requirements, you can use a basic starter, soft starter, or variable frequency drive to control a motor.
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Let's look at each of these motor control techniques and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each one.
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Here is an AC induction motor that might be found in a factory driving a conveyor belt.
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To control it, I add a contactor and connect the contactor to three -phase power.
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This contactor is basically a heavy -duty switch that connects the motor to and disconnects the motor from power.
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A contactor has a coil that is used to control it.
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When you energize the coil, the contactor closes, and the motor gets power.
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The contactor covers starting and stopping the motor, but it does not protect the motor.
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To protect the motor, we can add an overload relay.
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An overload relay monitors the current going to the motor.
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If the motor pulls too much current for too long, then the relay trips and the motor is disconnected from power.
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This protects the motor if the conveyor jams.
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It's important to note that the contactor, the overload switch, and the motor are connected to three -phase power.
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This is called the power circuit.
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The coil operates on 24 volts DC power and is part of the control circuit.
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Typically, the control circuit will have a DC power supply and will control the coil using a push button or PLC output.
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What we have built here is a basic starter.
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The basic starter is one of the cheapest, simplest, and most common methods to control a motor.
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One of the problems with a basic starter is the fact that full voltage is applied to the motor.
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This creates a huge inrush of current that can affect the power circuit and causes the motor to jerk to a start,
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which can damage mechanical systems or products.
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Now, if wiring up starters like this is something you deal with at work and you'd rather hand it off, this is exactly the kind of thing our engineering team builds.
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Anyway, let's look at what happens when a motor needs a gentler start.
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In situations where the motor needs to ramp up slowly, we can replace the basic starter with a soft starter.
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A soft starter is an electronic device that ramps up the voltage to the motor smoothly over a few seconds.
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Since the voltage is ramping up slowly, there is no huge inrush of current to the motor and the conveyor accelerates slowly without jerking.
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A soft starter prevents conveyors from jerking to a start, but it does not control the speed of the conveyor.
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In applications where you need to finally control the speed of the conveyor or where the speed of the conveyor changes,
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you need to use a variable frequency drive or VFD.
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A VFD takes the incoming AC power, turns it into DC, and then turns it back into AC at whatever frequency is required.
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Since the motor speed follows the frequency, a VFD can control the speed of a motor.
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These three motor control techniques go from simple and affordable to complex and expensive.
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For simple applications, where acceleration and deceleration don't matter and the motor runs at a fixed speed, a basic starter can be used.
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If a slow acceleration or deceleration is required and the motor runs at a fixed speed,
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as many conveyors do, then a soft starter can be used.
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If the application requires a variable speed or fine speed control, then a VFD can be used.
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So that's the range of motor control methods, from a simple starter up to a VFD.
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And if you have a motor control panel that needs designing or building, our engineers do this for plants and OEMs every day.
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If you'd like to talk it through, there's a link below.
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We'll be right back.
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