Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Advanced English Listening Practice | Can You Really Multitask? (C1–C2 British Podcast)
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1
Hello there, everyone, and welcome back to the GSL English podcast.
Xin chào tất cả mọi người và chào mừng các bạn quay trở lại với podcast tiếng Anh của GSL.
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My name is Gideon, and this is a podcast for all learners of English to practice
Tên tôi là Gideon, và đây là một podcast dành cho tất cả những người học tiếng Anh để luyện tập.
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and improve in a relaxed and natural way.
và cải thiện theo một cách thoải mái và tự nhiên.
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And in this episode, we are going to talk about multitasking. Is multitasking actually real?
Và trong tập này, chúng ta sẽ nói về việc làm nhiều việc cùng lúc. Liệu làm nhiều việc cùng lúc có thực sự tồn tại không?
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Is it something that us humans can actually do?
Đó có phải là điều mà con người chúng ta thực sự có thể làm được không?
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Because often there's a debate, isn't there, between perhaps friends and family members,
Bởi vì thường thì sẽ có những cuộc tranh luận, đúng không nhỉ, giữa bạn bè và các thành viên trong gia đình.
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you know, do we individually have the ability to multitask?
bạn biết không, liệu mỗi chúng ta có khả năng làm nhiều việc cùng lúc không?
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Now, my wife would tell me that I don't.
Bây giờ, vợ tôi sẽ nói với tôi rằng tôi không làm vậy.
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I don't have the ability to multitask.
Tôi không có khả năng làm nhiều việc cùng lúc.
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And we were actually in a jokingly way talking about this the other day.
Và thực ra chúng tôi đã nói chuyện về chuyện này một cách đùa giỡn vào ngày hôm trước.
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And then it got me thinking, particularly with the podcast in mind.
Và rồi điều đó khiến tôi suy nghĩ, đặc biệt là khi nghĩ về chương trình podcast.
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And is it something that any of us can do?
Và đó có phải là điều mà bất kỳ ai trong chúng ta cũng có thể làm được không?
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Is there actually a skill that is called multitasking that would fall within that bracket?
Liệu có thực sự một kỹ năng được gọi là đa nhiệm nằm trong nhóm đó không?
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So once I started to do some research into it, I kind of found out that this is a really interesting question that many scientists,
Vì vậy, khi tôi bắt đầu tìm hiểu về vấn đề này, tôi nhận ra rằng đây là một câu hỏi thực sự thú vị mà nhiều nhà khoa học,
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psychologists have looked into.
các nhà tâm lý học đã nghiên cứu.
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Is there such a thing as multitasking?
Liệu có tồn tại việc làm nhiều việc cùng lúc không?
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And then I kind of thought, well, if there is or if there isn't, does it apply to learning and improving our English?
Và rồi tôi nghĩ, dù là có hay không, thì điều đó có áp dụng được vào việc học và nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh của chúng ta không?
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For example, if you're listening to this podcast or any podcast or got an English TV program on in the background,
Ví dụ, nếu bạn đang nghe podcast này hay bất kỳ podcast nào khác, hoặc đang bật một chương trình TV tiếng Anh ở chế độ nền,
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can you get as much from that whilst still scrolling on your phone?
bạn có thể nhận được nhiều lợi ích từ điều đó trong khi vẫn đang lướt điện thoại không?
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If you're doing two things at once, do you still get as much of the benefits as if that particular activity had your full attention?
Nếu bạn đang làm hai việc cùng lúc, bạn có nhận được nhiều lợi ích như khi bạn dành toàn bộ sự chú ý cho hoạt động đó không?
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And the answer is actually really interesting.
Và câu trả lời thực sự rất thú vị.
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Now I wanted to start with a question, actually a little task for you to do.
Bây giờ tôi muốn bắt đầu bằng một câu hỏi, thực ra là một nhiệm vụ nhỏ dành cho bạn.
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OK, so you don't need any pen.
Được rồi, vậy là bạn không cần bút nào cả.
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You don't need any paper.
Bạn không cần bất kỳ tờ giấy nào.
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But if you really want to do this, I need you to speak out loud.
Nhưng nếu bạn thực sự muốn làm điều này, tôi cần bạn nói to ra.
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OK, and bear with me, don't switch off the episode yet.
Được rồi, hãy kiên nhẫn chờ tôi một chút, đừng tắt tập phim này vội nhé.
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There's a reason that I'm going to ask you to do this.
Có một lý do mà tôi sẽ yêu cầu bạn làm điều này.
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All right.
Được rồi.
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I want you to count from one to ten in English as quickly as you can.
Tôi muốn bạn đếm từ một đến mười bằng tiếng Anh nhanh nhất có thể.
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OK, count from one to ten in English as quickly as you can.
Được rồi, hãy đếm từ một đến mười bằng tiếng Anh nhanh nhất có thể.
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Go.
Đi.
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OK, maybe you did it.
Được rồi, có lẽ bạn đã làm được.
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Would you say that was easy?
Bạn có thể nói rằng điều đó dễ dàng không?
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It is.
Đúng vậy.
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Yeah, we would all say that counting to one to ten in English.
Vâng, tất cả chúng ta đều sẽ nói rằng đếm từ một đến bằng tiếng Anh.
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If you listen to this podcast, that is not a difficult task.
Nếu bạn nghe podcast này, đó không phải là một nhiệm vụ khó khăn.
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Now, I'd like you to say the first ten letters of the alphabet again in English.
Bây giờ, tôi muốn bạn nói lại mười chữ cái đầu tiên của bảng chữ cái bằng tiếng Anh.
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So that is A to J.
Vậy là từ A đến J.
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Off you go.
Đi thôi nào.
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OK, there you go.
Được rồi, xong rồi đó.
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So one to ten and then from A to J in English.
Vậy là từ một đến mười, rồi từ A đến J theo tiếng Anh.
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Well done.
Làm tốt lắm.
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Now, again, if I asked you, was that challenging?
Bây giờ, lại nữa, nếu tôi hỏi bạn, điều đó có khó khăn không?
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Were either of those challenging tasks?
Có phải một trong hai nhiệm vụ đó là những nhiệm vụ khó khăn không?
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You would most certainly say, no, that was easy.
Chắc chắn bạn sẽ nói rằng không, chuyện đó dễ mà.
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That's basic.
Đó là chuyện cơ bản.
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Come on, give me something more challenging.
Thôi nào, cho tôi thử thách khó hơn đi.
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Now.
Bây giờ.
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This time I want you to do both, but you're going to alternate between them.
Lần này tôi muốn bạn làm cả hai việc, nhưng bạn sẽ luân phiên thực hiện chúng.
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So 1A, 2B, 3C, all the way up to 10.
Vậy là 1A, 2B, 3C, cứ thế tiếp tục cho đến số 10.
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And I want you to do that as fast as you can.
Và tôi muốn bạn làm điều đó càng nhanh càng tốt.
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Okay, so go.
Được rồi, vậy thì bắt đầu đi.
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Now, how did that feel?
Bây giờ, cảm giác đó thế nào?
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You might have done it.
Có lẽ bạn đã làm được rồi.
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And the reality is I tried doing this and I struggled a little bit.
Và thực tế là tôi đã thử làm điều này và tôi đã gặp một chút khó khăn.
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And I think unless you've practiced or prepared for that particular task.
Và tôi nghĩ rằng trừ khi bạn đã luyện tập hoặc chuẩn bị cho nhiệm vụ cụ thể đó.
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I'm going to guess that it was considerably more difficult than doing those tasks individually.
Tôi đoán là việc đó khó khăn hơn nhiều so với việc thực hiện từng nhiệm vụ riêng lẻ.
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Maybe you lost your place.
Có lẽ bạn đã bị lạc đường.
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Maybe you even had to start again or you didn't finish the task.
Có lẽ bạn thậm chí phải bắt đầu lại hoặc là bạn đã không hoàn thành nhiệm vụ đó.
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But that's what's strange about that, you know, multitasking or blending those tasks together because you haven't forgotten how to count.
Nhưng đó chính là điều kỳ lạ ở chỗ đó, bạn biết đấy, việc làm nhiều việc cùng lúc hay kết hợp những nhiệm vụ đó lại với nhau vì bạn chưa quên cách đếm.
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You hadn't forgotten the alphabet separately.
Bạn chưa hề quên bảng chữ cái theo từng ký tự riêng lẻ.
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Those tasks were ridiculously easy.
Những nhiệm vụ đó dễ đến mức đáng ngạc nhiên.
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But as soon as you had to keep moving between them, something changed.
Nhưng ngay khi bạn phải liên tục di chuyển giữa chúng, có điều gì đó đã thay đổi.
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And that really brings us to the question, does multitasking actually exist?
Và điều đó thực sự đưa chúng ta đến câu hỏi, liệu khả năng làm nhiều việc cùng lúc có thực sự tồn tại không?
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And if so, what is it?
Và nếu có thì đó là gì?
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Are some of us better at it than others?
Có phải một số người trong chúng ta làm điều đó tốt hơn những người khác không?
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So that's the idea of today's episode.
Vậy đó là ý tưởng của tập phim ngày hôm nay.
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And as we go through, of course, we're going to think about the English language, how we can improve.
Và trong quá trình thực hiện, tất nhiên chúng ta sẽ suy nghĩ về ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh, cách chúng ta có thể cải thiện nó.
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And if you are new here, if this is the first podcast of mine that you've listened to, then as I said at the intro, my name is Gideon.
Và nếu bạn là người mới đến, nếu đây là podcast đầu tiên của tôi mà bạn nghe, thì như tôi đã nói ở phần giới thiệu, tên tôi là Gideon.
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I'm an English teacher from Kent, just outside of London.
Tôi là một giáo viên tiếng Anh đến từ Kent, một khu vực ngay bên ngoài London.
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And I post episodes every Sunday to really just present the English language to you in a real, natural and authentic way.
Và tôi đăng các tập vào mỗi Chủ nhật để thực sự giới thiệu ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh cho bạn theo một cách thật, tự nhiên và chân thực.
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So give it a subscribe if you like it and introduce yourself in the comments.
Vậy hãy đăng ký kênh nếu bạn thích nội dung này và hãy giới thiệu bản thân ở phần bình luận nhé.
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And I do always recommend, you know, of course, we want to improve our English with this podcast, but I really just want you to relax and enjoy it.
Và tôi luôn khuyên rằng, tất nhiên là chúng ta muốn cải thiện tiếng Anh qua podcast này, nhưng tôi thực sự chỉ muốn bạn thư giãn và tận hưởng nó thôi.
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So if you can get comfortable, grab yourself a cup of tea if you're watching or take a break from work, if you're listening and if you're on the commute to work,
Vì vậy, nếu bạn có thể ngồi thoải mái, hãy tự pha một tách trà nếu bạn đang xem, hoặc nghỉ giải lao một chút nếu bạn đang nghe, và nếu bạn đang trên đường đi làm.
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you know, just unwind with me as we enjoy the English language together.
Bạn biết đấy, cứ thư giãn cùng mình khi chúng ta cùng tận hưởng ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh nhé.
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So let's get into this.
Vậy thì chúng ta bắt đầu nhé.
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Does multitasking exist?
Đa nhiệm có thực sự tồn tại không?
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Now, think about everything you might do simultaneously during an ordinary day.
Bây giờ, hãy nghĩ về tất cả những việc bạn có thể làm cùng một lúc trong một ngày bình thường.
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Simultaneously means at the same time.
Simultaneously có nghĩa là cùng một lúc.
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So, for example, perhaps you reply to messages whilst you're watching television.
Ví dụ, có lẽ bạn trả lời tin nhắn trong khi đang xem ti vi.
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You eat breakfast while reading the news.
Bạn ăn sáng trong khi đọc tin tức.
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You listen to a podcast while you're driving to work.
Bạn nghe một podcast trong khi lái xe đi làm.
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You walk while you're having a conversation with a friend.
Bạn đang đi bộ trong khi trò chuyện với một người bạn.
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You might be, for example, working on your computer with 15 tabs open, your phone beside you, music playing in the background,
Ví dụ, bạn có thể đang làm việc trên máy tính với 15 tab đang mở, điện thoại đặt bên cạnh và nhạc đang phát ở chế độ nền.
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all of these different things going on.
tất cả những thứ khác nhau này đang diễn ra.
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Then a message appears.
Sau đó, một thông báo xuất hiện.
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You check it, reply, go back to work.
Bạn kiểm tra nó, trả lời rồi quay lại làm việc.
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Another notification appears.
Một thông báo khác xuất hiện.
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You check it and eventually find yourself staring at your computer thinking.
Bạn kiểm tra nó và cuối cùng lại thấy mình đang ngồi nhìn chằm chằm vào màn hình máy tính và suy nghĩ.
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Well, what was I doing?
Chà, lúc đó tôi đang làm gì thế nhỉ?
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We call all of this multitasking.
Chúng ta gọi tất cả điều này là đa nhiệm.
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And it's fair to say that some people are rather proud of their ability to do it.
Và thật công bằng khi nói rằng một số người khá tự hào về khả năng của mình để làm được điều đó.
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And you might have even said this yourself.
Và thậm chí bạn có thể đã từng nói điều này.
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You know, I'm good at multitasking.
Bạn biết đấy, tôi rất giỏi làm nhiều việc cùng lúc.
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Yeah, I'm a great multitasker.
Ừ, tôi là một người rất giỏi làm nhiều việc cùng lúc.
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But I'm going to really present the question to you.
Nhưng tôi sẽ thực sự đặt câu hỏi này ra cho bạn.
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Are you actually?
Bạn có thật sự như vậy không?
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Are you really good at multitasking?
Bạn có thực sự giỏi làm nhiều việc cùng lúc không?
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And I think the answer might be a little bit different than just, yes, I'm very good at it.
Và tôi nghĩ câu trả lời có thể sẽ hơi khác một chút thay vì chỉ đơn giản là "vâng, tôi rất giỏi trong việc đó".
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So today we're really going to investigate what happens inside your brain when you're doing several things at once.
Vì vậy hôm nay chúng ta sẽ thực sự điều tra xem điều gì xảy ra bên trong não bộ của bạn khi bạn đang làm nhiều việc cùng lúc.
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So, of course, as always,
Vì vậy, tất nhiên rồi, như mọi khi,
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we're going to look into the research and we're going to ask some questions. To really identify.
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Are we multitasking or is something else happening?
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Okay, so that's the idea of this episode.
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And we're also going to see how, of course, this applies to the English language.
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So before we get into it, just three words that we might use,
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three bits of vocabulary that we can use when talking about this particular topic.
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The first one is to juggle.
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Of course, you'll see it on the screen here if you're watching along with me now.
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Literally, to juggle means to throw several objects in the air and you repeatedly catch them.
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I've always been rubbish at juggling.
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Tried to get into it a little while ago, a little while ago when I was a teenager, a long time ago.
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Didn't have the dexterity for it.
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You might see a clown doing it at a circus, but we're not using it in that context.
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We're thinking about that word juggle metaphorically.
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If you juggle several things or you're juggling several things, you're trying to deal with several responsibilities or activities at the same time.
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For example, I'm trying to juggle a full time job, studying English and looking after two children, for example.
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Or she's very good at juggling several projects at once.
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So perhaps, you know, at the moment you're currently juggling work, family life, learning English and a hundred other things.
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It's like you're throwing all of those aspects of your life up in the air
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and at the same time trying to catch them.
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So they're good term to use if you've got different tasks at work.
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You know, I'm juggling several tasks at the moment.
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Secondly, to get sidetracked, to get sidetracked.
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Now, if you get sidetracked, something distracts you from what you originally intended to do.
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So imagine that you pick up your phone because you want to check tomorrow's weather, for example, and as you do that,
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you see a message, you reply to it.
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Then you open Instagram, then someone sends you a video.
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20 minutes later, you're watching a man in Australia rescue a kangaroo from a swimming pool.
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And suddenly you think, why did I pick up my phone in the first place?
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You've been sidetracked.
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And lastly, to lose your train of thought.
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Your train of thought is the sequence of ideas going through your mind.
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So if you lose your train of thought, you suddenly forget what you were thinking or saying.
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For example, sorry, I completely lost my train of thought.
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What was I saying?
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This happens to me when, sorry, I just got distracted.
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What was I talking about?
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Losing your train of thought.
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So there you go.
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three expressions to juggle several things, to get sidetracked and to lose train of thought.
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So I want you to keep those somewhere in your brain
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because we're going to come back to them later in the episode.
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So let's get into it.
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Your brain and multitasking.
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So we're going to go through this and in more of a discussion format.
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So please feel free to read along with me as we go through it.
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So imagine you're sitting at your desk trying to write an important email.
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You write the first sentence.
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Your phone vibrates.
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You look at it.
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It's a message from a friend.
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You reply.
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Then you notice another notification.
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You check that too.
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You return to your email and reread the first sentence because you've forgotten exactly what you were going to say.
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then someone asks you a question, you answer, you return to your email, and a few minutes later, you finally finish it.
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You've been busy the whole time, the entire time.
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But have you been multitasking?
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Or have you simply been switching rapidly at a fast pace between different tasks? works.
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Now, the answer is more complicated than you might expect.
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And just at the outset here, I think we can all relate to situations like that, particularly at work.
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You know, you go in on a Monday morning, you think, right, this is what I want to achieve this Monday morning.
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Then someone comes and asks you a question.
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You get another email coming.
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Your phone goes off, you have to ask it.
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So it happens all the time, doesn't it?
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And perhaps you're spending time with the kids and then something else crops up.
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So the question we're asking is, in those situations, are you actually multitasking?
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Does multitasking exist or are you simply switching your attention between different tasks?
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And that's really the thoughts.
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So let's get into it.
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The multitasking brain.
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What's going on in the old noggin?
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When we use the word multitasking, we often imagine the brain performing several independent activities simultaneously,
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almost like a computer running several programs at once.
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That's true, isn't it?
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That's what I had in mind when we thought of multitasking.
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Several independent, so they're not dependent on anything else,
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they are separate activities happening simultaneously at the same time in our brain.
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But many of the activities we describe as multitasking involve something different.
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When two tasks both require conscious attention, so knowing that we're doing it,
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we often have to move our attention backwards and forwards between them.
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Psychologists call this task switching.
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So this is the idea here.
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When we have to go between different tasks that require conscious attention, meaning that we know we're doing it, we're aware we're having to do it, it's not subconscious.
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We're going backwards and forwards between them.
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So this is called task switching and switching has a cost.
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In experiments, researchers give participants simple tasks and compare what happens when they repeat the same task
190
with what happens when they have to switch to another one.
191
A consistent finding is that immediately after switching tasks,
192
people tend to respond more slowly and often make more mistakes.
193
This is known as switch cost.
194
It may only be a small amount of time on each of individuals switch.
195
But imagine switching hundreds of times throughout a working day.
196
A message back to work, an email back to work, a notification back to work, another message back to work.
197
Each interruption requires you, your brain to work out what am I doing now?
198
What information is relevant?
199
What rules apply to this task?
200
And then when you return to the original activity, your brain has to reestablish what you were doing before.
201
Now, this is the really interesting part.
202
So we've got this term called task switching rather than multitasking.
203
So in experiments, research is often that they've given participants simple tasks like we did at the beginning.
204
And they compare what happens when they repeat the same task with what happens when they have to switch to another one.
205
So the finding is that immediately, immediately after switching tasks, people respond more slowly.
206
They make more mistakes.
207
And this is known as a switch cost.
208
If there is a cost, there is something we have to pay.
209
So switch costs is basically the payment, the trade off for task switching.
210
And it may only be a small amount of time on each individual switch.
211
But think how many times we switch tasks throughout the day.
212
Well, that can add up, can't it?
213
Each interruption of that task requires our brain to ask questions, for example, what am I doing?
214
So what was I originally doing?
215
What information is relevant?
216
What rules apply to this task and so on?
217
So when we go back to the task, our brain is thinking, right, well, where was I?
218
And having to reestablish what was happening before.
219
And there's a really interesting experiment in switching.
220
OK, here we go.
221
In research published in 2001,
222
psychologists Joshua Rubinstein and David Mayer and Jeffrey Evans investigated what happens when people alternate between different tasks.
223
So that was the study.
224
What happens when people alternate or go between different tasks?
225
Across four experiments, participants had to switch between activities involving such things as classifying objects and solving mathematical problems.
226
The researchers found measurable switching time costs.
227
The costs also became larger when the rules of the tasks were more complicated.
228
One explanation is that switching isn't simply a matter of pointing your attention in a different direction.
229
brain may have to change goals and activates the appropriate rules for the new task.
230
Think back, for example, now to the experiment we did at the beginning of this episode.
231
So counting from one to ten, that was easy, wasn't it?
232
Saying A to J was easy, but 1A, 2B, 3C was considerably harder.
233
You knew exactly what you had to do.
234
The problem was repeatedly switching between the two sets of rules.
235
So there is a cost for task switching.
236
And the research, of course, that they put into practice showed that. So is multitasking impossible?
237
Now, this is where we need to be careful.
238
You may have heard people say the human brain cannot multitask.
239
It's quite a catchy statement.
240
When we say that something's catchy, you know, we catch it, we go along with it.
241
But really, that statement in and of itself, it's just too simple.
242
For example, we can walk and talk at the same time.
243
You can wash the dishes and listen to music.
244
An experienced driver can operate a car, can drive a car while having a conversation.
245
So clearly, we can see, you know, humans are capable.
246
We have the ability to perform some activities simultaneously.
247
But the important question is, what do those activities demand from us?
248
Some tasks become highly automatic through practice.
249
For example, when you first learn to drive, almost everything requires conscious attention.
250
I remember this when I was learning to drive.
251
And here in England, you kind of have the 10 to 2 on the steering wheel.
252
And he always used to say to me to feed the steering wheel between your hands.
253
It took such conscious effort for me to do that.
254
Perhaps it was looking in your mirrors, then the clutch down, then the gears.
255
What's your speed, the steering, careful of other cars, road signs.
256
Everything required my conscious attention.
257
and trying to have a complicated conversation at the same time when I was learning to drive, it was impossible.
258
Perhaps you can relate to that.
259
But years later, how long have I been driving now?
260
Nearly 20 years.
261
Really, a lot of the physical actions involved in driving, they require much less conscious thought.
262
It just happens by nature.
263
It's almost instinctive.
264
Similarly, For example, walking usually requires very little conscious attention for an able bodied adult.
265
You don't normally leave your house.
266
You're thinking right foot, left foot, right foot.
267
Don't forget the left foot.
268
But the difficulty increases when two tasks compete heavily for limited cognitive resources.
269
For example, try reading a complicated article,
270
a really complicated piece on the news or something you're studying while simultaneously listening carefully to a completely different podcast.
271
So imagine that you're reading an article on, let's say, global warming.
272
It's a complicated article, even in your native language.
273
But in the background, you've got a podcast on war and crime.
274
What's going to happen?
275
Well, you may technically, you hear the podcast, you see the words on the page.
276
Understanding both deeply is another matter.
277
You're not multitasking.
278
You can have those on.
279
You can try to do that activity.
280
But as it said, where did it say put it perfectly and you're competing for limited cognitive resources.
281
And that's where it gets difficult.
282
Our cognitive resources, our brains capability, what it's trying to process.
283
Certain activities require a competition between what is available.
284
But there's an illusion of productivity.
285
And that is that multitasking can feel productive.
286
It can feel like we're achieving a lot.
287
For example, you answer three messages.
288
You check two emails, you open a document, you look something up, you reply to another message.
289
Your brain's been so incredibly busy and busyness can feel like productivity.
290
But those are not necessarily the same thing.
291
Frequent switching, it really fragments the attention.
292
Instead of spending 20 uninterrupted minutes solving one difficult problem,
293
you might spend 40 minutes repeatedly entering and leaving it.
294
And every time you return, you come back to that problem.
295
There may be a brief moment of reconstruction.
296
You know, where was I?
297
What was I trying to do?
298
What was my next step?
299
Does that sound familiar?
300
So are you really multitasking?
301
Are you completing those tasks or are you just adding time on?
302
To a task that really would have been better, just focused on individually.
303
So that asks the question.
304
Am I actually good at multitasking?
305
Now, perhaps you're listening to all of this thinking, that's everybody else.
306
That's not me.
307
I'm actually very good at multitasking.
308
Now, there's been some intriguing research on precisely this question.
309
In a widely discussed 2009 study, Eyal Ofer, Clifford Nass
310
and Anthony Wagner compared people who frequently used several forms of media simultaneously with people who did so less often.
311
You might expect the heavy media multitaskers to have become particularly good at controlling their attention.
312
But the researchers found something surprising.
313
The heavy media multitaskers were more vulnerable.
314
We're vulnerable.
315
We're open to something.
316
We're more susceptible to being a victim of something.
317
So they were more vulnerable to interference from irrelevant information and performed worse on one test of task switching.
318
So you might expect, let's just go back, the heavy media multitaskers to have become really good at controlling their attention.
319
But actually it was the opposite.
320
And there's an important scientific lesson here.
321
One famous study does not settle a question forever, because later, researchers attempted to replicate and combine finding in this area,
322
and the overall picture became less clear.
323
Some subsequent studies did not reproduce the original relationship between heavy media multitasking and distractibility.
324
So it would be misleading, really, to say that science has proved that people who multitask a lot have damaged their attention.
325
The evidence really doesn't justify such a simple conclusion.
326
We can say much more confidently is that switching between demanding cognitive tasks generally carries a performance cost.
327
And that's what matters.
328
And there's one big thing that really is the changing factor in this is our phone.
329
what we have in our hands, perhaps what you're watching or listening to this podcast on, that changes the whole equation.
330
Modern life has created an extraordinary environment for task switching.
331
For most of human history, nobody had a device in their pocket capable of interrupting them with so many different things,
332
a work email, breaking news.
333
In England, And we had a massive alert go off on our phones the other day about the heat.
334
A photograph, message from their mum, a video of a dog, the bank balance, the weather, an argument between two complete strangers.
335
But we can do all of this within about 30 seconds.
336
But the problem isn't the phone itself, is it?
337
The problem is that each piece of information we look at offers another possible destination for our attention.
338
And once we follow it, we may become sidetracked.
339
You open your phone to do one thing and find yourself doing something completely different.
340
The other task hasn't disappeared.
341
It's sitting there waiting for you to return.
342
How many times do you do this on your phone?
343
So you go to check the weather.
344
What do you find you're doing 10 minutes later?
345
Well, you study in Instagram.
346
You're going through the reels upon reels or you're back on YouTube.
347
So what does all of this mean for learning English?
348
Well, imagine two people listening to this podcast.
349
Listener A is sitting somewhere quiet.
350
Their phone is away.
351
They're paying attention to the examples.
352
And when they hear an expression they don't quite know, they try to understand it from context.
353
They're listening and they notice pronunciation.
354
They predict perhaps what I'm going to say next.
355
They're actively processing the English.
356
Now, listener B is also playing the podcast, but they're scrolling through social media.
357
They're reading messages, replying to emails, looking at photographs.
358
Occasionally, they realize they haven't heard anything I've said for the past two minutes.
359
Now, both people can technically say, I listen to an English podcast for 30 minutes.
360
I listen to Gideon on the GSO English podcast.
361
But did they have the same learning experience?
362
Probably not.
363
Language comprehension itself, it is cognitively demanding.
364
It requires a lot of our brains.
365
When we think about it, you know, you're identifying sounds.
366
You're recognizing words, you're interpreting grammar, you're building meaning.
367
You're remembering what came earlier.
368
What did we talk about?
369
Subconsciously, you're predicting what might come next.
370
And if you're learning a second language.
371
Some of those processes require so much more effort than they would in your first language.
372
Adding another demanding task means that your attention has to go somewhere.
373
So what does that mean for learning English and this podcast?
374
Does it mean that you should only do things in a silent room?
375
Where there's no distractions ever?
376
Does it mean that if you're listening to this podcast in the background while cooking, there's something wrong?
377
No. And this really is the important part of this episode.
378
Listening to English while walking,
379
cooking, cleaning or traveling, commuting is an excellent way to increase your exposure to the language.
380
You're increasing your exposure to English.
381
You don't need to sit at a desk staring intensely at my face at a wall every time you listen to English.
382
The question you need to ask yourself, what is your goal? And that's what matters.
383
If your goal is to simply surround yourself with more English, background listening is fantastic.
384
Listening to this podcast in the background whilst doing other things, very useful.
385
But if your goal is to understand a difficult C1 or C2 podcast,
386
to improve your vocabulary, to notice new expressions and remember detailed information.
387
If we're being honest, you might benefit more from giving English more of your attention.
388
So therefore, we can really distinguish or make a difference between two kinds of listening.
389
We've got exposure and deliberate practice.
390
There's no multitasking.
391
There's no switching.
392
Both have value, but they aren't identical, are they?
393
So let's really put this down to one real question.
394
Asking, can humans multitask?
395
Is it something we have the ability to do?
396
That's not really the right question, is it?
397
Sometimes we can.
398
Sometimes we can't do it particularly well.
399
And sometimes what feels like multitasking is actually rapid switching between tasks.
400
What's the better question to ask?
401
What am I asking my attention to do right now?
402
If one activity is automatic and the other requires concentration, they may coexist, work along together perfectly well.
403
But when two demanding tasks compete for the same limited attention, the reality is something may have to give.
404
You might become slower.
405
You might make more mistakes.
406
You might remember less or you might simply just lose your train of thought.
407
Remember that expression.
408
So really, the next time you find yourself, you know, answering an email, checking your phone, listening to a podcast and working on an important project all at once.
409
Just think and ask yourself, am I really, in all honesty, doing four things simultaneously?
410
Or am I just switching between them so quickly that it feels as though I am?
411
So I leave it up to you.
412
Do you think multitasking really exists?
413
Would you say that you are still a very good multitasker?
414
Or do you think you're just switching between tasks?
415
Really interesting, isn't it?
416
And that point, particularly with learning English.
417
You know, listening to the podcast in the background, I encourage it.
418
I think it's a fantastic way of gaining exposure to the English language.
419
But, you know, ask yourself, what is your goal?
420
And do the task that helps you to reach that goal.
421
So what have you been doing while listening to this episode? Be honest.
422
Whilst you're listening to this episode, have you checked your phone?
423
Have you opened another mobile app?
424
Are you cooking, walking, driving, cleaning, working?
425
There's nothing wrong with any of that at all.
426
Okay, nothing wrong with it at all.
427
But what is your goal?
428
So I would love to know what have you been doing whilst taking in this podcast, whilst absorbing the podcast?
429
What have you been doing?
430
Have you been listening?
431
Have you been taking notes?
432
Have you been studying?
433
Have you been writing down new words or do you take it in more passively?
434
I would be really interested to know the way that you consume this podcast.
435
So a little vocabulary test before we conclude.
436
Thinking about the three words we said at the beginning of the podcast, I'm going to give you a question.
437
What was the word?
438
What verb means trying to manage several different responsibilities or activities at the same time?
439
For example, I'm trying to work, studying and family life.
440
What was the verb? Or to juggle.
441
Question two, what phrasal verb means becoming distracted from what you originally intended to do?
442
The answer, to get sidetracked.
443
I picked up my phone to check the weather and got sidetracked.
444
And finally, number three, what expression means suddenly forgetting what you were thinking of saying?
445
suddenly forgetting what you think of what you were saying to lose your train of thought.
446
And if you didn't get them all, that's absolutely fine.
447
In the last episode, we talked about retrieval practice.
448
You'll know that if you make mistakes, that's a fantastic way of learning, of just trying to retrieve the English language.
449
So here's just a little challenge for you over the next week.
450
Choose one podcast episode.
451
It doesn't have to be mine, but I prefer it if it was.
452
For the first 10 minutes, give it your full attention.
453
All right.
454
Put your phone somewhere.
455
Don't answer messages.
456
Don't scroll.
457
Don't open another tab.
458
I just want you to listen or watch.
459
When the 10 minutes are finished, I want you to ask yourself.
460
What do I remember?
461
Then on another day, try listening to something similar difficulty while also doing another mentally demanding activity.
462
Not something dangerous or crazy.
463
But try reading messages or browsing something whilst listening.
464
Ask yourself the same question.
465
What do I remember?
466
And see if you notice a difference.
467
There's no right or wrong answer.
468
But it will really highlight what works for you to reach your goals.
469
So there you go.
470
I hope you enjoyed this episode today.
471
And it's really modern life just gives us constant divisions of our attention, doesn't it?
472
And perhaps I think one thing I've learned about life in
473
this kind of world at the moment is just trying to manage our attention
474
so we can best use our time because goodness knows it goes on other stuff so easily.
475
So there you go.
476
If you got to to this point of the podcast, please write multitask in the comments.
477
Thank you so much for watching.
478
I'd love to hear your thoughts and comments on this episode.
479
So please feel free to share them.
480
Give us a like, give us a follow, give us a subscribe.
481
It really does help out.
482
So thank you so much, guys.
483
Have a good one.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 483 câu và 4996 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 36:30. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 137 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| complicated tính từ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | phức tạp |
| experiment danh từ | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | thí nghiệm |
| researcher danh từ | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | nhà nghiên cứu |
| repeatedly trạng từ | /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/ | lặp đi lặp lại |
| vulnerable tính từ | /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ | dễ tổn thương |
| vocabulary danh từ | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | từ vựng |
| psychologist danh từ | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | bắc sĩ tâm lý, nhà tâm lý học |
| participant danh từ | /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ | người tham gia |
| verb danh từ | /vɝb/ | động từ |
| compare động từ | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | so sánh, so |
| desk danh từ | /dɛsk/ | bàn |
| solve động từ | /sɒlv/ | giải quyết |
| automatic tính từ | /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ | tự động |
| investigate động từ | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/ | điều tra |
| photograph danh từ | /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/ | hình, ảnh |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| pick up động từ | nhặt, lượm |
| go back động từ | trở lại |
| switch off động từ | tắt |
| write down động từ | viết ra, ghi xuống |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục | have you been multitasking · have you simply been switching · have I been driving |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have looked · you've practiced · haven't forgotten |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is called · You've been sidetracked · is known |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who frequently · people who multitask |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 129 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, we're, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như complicated, experiment, researcher.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.