Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Change your mindset, change the game | Dr. Alia Crum | TEDxTraverseCity

Rebekah Kelley Reviewer So today I'm going to talk about how our mindsets matter in virtually every facet of our lives.

⏸ Tạm dừng

Tốc độ:

240 câu

Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.

Rebekah Kelley Reviewer So today I'm going to talk about how our mindsets matter in virtually every facet of our lives.

But I want to begin by telling a story about a group of researchers in Italy.

Dr. Fabrizio Benedetti and his colleagues studied a group of patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Now what you should know about thoracic surgery is that it's a very invasive procedure.

Patients are put under anesthesia,

while the surgeons make major incisions into the muscles of the sides and the back

in order to gain access to their heart and to their lungs.

Now, about an hour after the anesthesia fades away,

the pain starts to set in.

Fortunately, patients are given strong doses of morphine sulfate, a powerful painkiller.

This is routine treatment for thoracic surgery,

but Dr. Benedetti and his colleagues made a few subtle tweaks.

Half of the patients were given the dose of morphine by a doctor at their bedside.

The other half was given the exact same dose of morphine,

but it was administered into their IV by a pre-programmed pump.

Now, you would think that both of these groups of patients would experience the same relief,

but this was not the case.

The group that received the morphine by the doctor reported significant reductions in their pain levels.

The other group, the group who received the same exact amount of morphine but wasn't aware of it,

They didn't seem to experience the same benefit.

So Dr. Benedetti and his colleagues didn't stop there.

They used the same procedure to test the effectiveness of other treatments,

treatments for anxiety, treatments for Parkinson's disease, treatments for hypertension.

And what they found was remarkable and consistent.

When the patients were aware of the treatment and expected to receive the benefit,

the treatment was highly effective.

But when they weren't, that same drug,

that same pill, and that same procedure was blunted,

and in some cases, not even effective at all.

So, I read about these studies when I was a student at Harvard University,

and at the time, I was heavily immersed into the literature on the placebo effect.

And the more I read,

the more I started thinking about the true nature of placebos.

So what is the placebo effect really?

Well, most people discount the placebo effect as just some magical response to some fake pill or some faux procedure.

But that's not what the placebo effect is.

The placebo effect is not about the faux pill or the sugar pill or the fake procedure.

What the placebo effect really is,

is a powerful, robust, and consistent demonstration of the ability of our mindsets,

in this case, the expectation to heal,

to recruit healing properties in the body.

So what is a mindset?

A mindset is quite literally a setting of the mind.

It's a lens or a frame of mind through which we view the world,

we simplify the infinite number of potential interpretations at any given moment.

Now, the ability to simplify our world through our mindsets is a natural part of being human.

But what I want to suggest to you today is that these mindsets are not inconsequential,

and instead they play a dramatic role in determining our health and our well-being.

So, while I was at Harvard,

I had the opportunity to work with Professor Ellen Langer.

She's a professor of psychologists,

and when she heard that I was also a Division I athlete, laughed at me.

She said, you know, exercise is just a placebo, right?

Now, I was kind of offended because at the time,

I had been spending up to four hours a day training my body to be in optimal shape.

But she did get me thinking about mindsets and how they might matter outside of medical walls.

Was I getting fitter and stronger because of the time and the energy that I was putting into my training?

Or was I getting fitter and stronger because I believed that I would?

What about the other extreme?

What if people were getting an extraordinary amount of exercise but weren't aware of it?

would they not receive the same benefit?

We decided to test this,

and to test this we found a really unique group of women,

a group of 84 hotel housekeepers working in seven different hotels across the US.

So these women are on their feet all day long.

They're using a variety of muscles,

and they're burning an extraordinary amount of calories just doing their job.

But what's interesting is that these women don't seem to view their work in this light.

We asked them, we said, do you exercise regularly?

And two thirds said no. So we said,

okay, well, so on a scale of zero to 10,

how much exercise do you get?

And a third of them said zero.

I get no exercise at all.

So we wondered what would happen if we could change their mindset.

So we took these women,

we split them into two groups,

we measured them in a variety of things,

including their weight, their blood pressure,

their body fat, their satisfaction with their job.

And then we took half of them and we gave them a simple 15-minute presentation.

We gave them this poster and we said,

you know, your work is good exercise.

It satisfies the Surgeon General's requirements,

which are quite simply to accumulate about 30 minutes of moderate physical activity.

You should expect to receive those benefits.

15 minutes.

We came back four weeks later,

and we measured them again.

Not surprisingly, the group that didn't receive this information didn't change.

But those that did looked different.

They dropped weight.

they had a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure,

they dropped body fat, and they reported liking their job more.

So what does this tell us?

Well, to me, it was fascinating that just as a result of a simple 15-minute presentation,

the whole game changed, producing a cascade of effects on both their health and their well-being,

presumably without even changing behavior.

Now, some of you might be thinking,

100

well, how do you know they didn't change their behavior, right?

101

Because that must have been what produced the effects.

102

Well, we know they didn't work anymore,

103

and the room attendants themselves assured us that they didn't join the sports club down the street.

104

But of course, we can't know for sure if they weren't,

105

you know, putting a little more oomph into their making the beds.

106

So this question really plagued me.

107

Is there a direct, immediate connection between our mindsets and our bodies?

108

So to test this, I worked with my colleagues at Yale,

109

Kelly Brownell, Will Corbin, and Peter Salovey,

110

and we did so by making a big batch of milkshakes.

111

So we made this big batch of milkshakes,

112

and then we invited people to come to our lab to try the milkshakes,

113

and in exchange, we would give them $75.

114

Sounds great, right?

115

Well, the less appealing aspect of the agreement was that while they were drinking the shakes,

116

we had them hooked up to an IV so we could get their blood samples.

117

We were out to measure ghrelin.

118

Ghrelin is a peptide that's secreted in the gut.

119

The medical experts call this the hunger hormone.

120

So when we haven't eaten in a while,

121

our ghrelin levels start to rise,

122

signaling to the brain it's time to seek out food,

123

and slowing our metabolism just in case we don't find that food.

124

Now, say we go out,

125

we find and we devour a milkshake,

126

a hamburger, some french fries,

127

our ghrelin levels drop, signaling to our brain,

128

time to stop eating, and revving up the metabolism so we can burn the food that was just consumed.

129

So the participants came in,

130

we hooked them up to an IV,

131

and then we gave them a milkshake, a Sensa shake.

132

This is 0% fat, 140 calories, zero added sugar.

133

This is guilt-free satisfaction.

134

So they drank this shake,

135

and in response, their ghrelin levels dropped,

136

but only very slightly, signaling to the brain that some food had been consumed,

137

but not a whole lot.

138

So a week later, they came back to our lab,

139

we hooked them up to an IV again,

140

and we gave them this shake.

141

620 calories, 30 grams of fat, 56 grams of sugar.

142

Now this, this is decadence you deserve.

143

And in response to this shake,

144

their ghrelin levels dropped again,

145

but this time at a significantly steeper rate,

146

about three times more than the shake they had before.

147

Now, this would make good sense to any metabolic nutritionist who understands

148

that the drop in ghrelin is proportional to the amount of calories consumed.

149

But there was a catch.

150

In this study, even though the participants thought they had consumed the sensible shake and the indulgent shake,

151

in reality, we gave them the exact same shake at both time points.

152

So what does this tell us?

153

Well, just as in the case when the same amount of morphine

154

produced more or less of an effect depending on our awareness,

155

and just as in the case when the same amount of exercise

156

produced more or less of a benefit depending on how it was construed,

157

here again our mindsets proved to matter.

158

In this case, suggesting it might not be just calories in and calories out,

159

or the precise makeup of fats,

160

nutrients, but what we believe,

161

what we expect, what we think about the foods we eat that determines our body's response.

162

So in light of this,

163

it behooves us to consider our own lives.

164

What are our mindsets?

165

and how might we begin to shift them,

166

to alter them, to have them be more beneficial?

167

So take stress, for example.

168

What's your mindset about stress?

169

If you're like most people,

170

you have the mindset that stress is bad.

171

Bad, bad, bad.

172

Bad stress.

173

Now, this is not surprising,

174

considering that everywhere we look,

175

there's warnings, labels, yelling at us,

176

reminding us about the negative effects of stress.

177

But the truth of stress is not so clear-cut,

178

and in fact, there's a robust and growing body of research showing that stress can have positive effects,

179

enhancing effects on our health,

180

our well-being, and our performance.

181

Now, I'm not here to try to persuade you that the effects of stress are enhancing,

182

but rather to point out that the truth of stress is like most things in life,

183

and that is, it's uncertain.

184

And therefore, to raise the question,

185

do our mindsets about stress determine our response?

186

So to test this question,

187

I worked with Sean Aker and Peter Salovey,

188

and we worked with a group of 300 employees.

189

This was after the 2008 financial collapse,

190

And we decided, they were stressed.

191

They had just heard that 10% of their workforce was going to be laid off,

192

and they were overworked.

193

So we decided to see if we could change their mindset.

194

And we did so by having them watch simple video clips.

195

So I'm going to show them to you here simultaneously,

196

but half of the participants saw the one on the left,

197

half saw the one on the right.

198

Thank you.

199

I'm sorry.

200

We'll be right back.

201

So you get the point, yes? So here we are. In the dark. So here we are.

202

They're watching facts, research, anecdotes,

203

all true but oriented towards one view or the other.

204

What we found was interesting.

205

Those who watched these simple three-minute video clips before the bell rang,

206

before their job began, over the course of the next few weeks reported fewer negative health symptoms,

207

symptoms, fewer backaches, less muscle tension, less insomnia.

208

And they also reported a higher level of engagement and performance at work.

209

So at this point, I've presented four studies,

210

four studies that demonstrate the power of mindset in in medicine,

211

in exercise, in diet, and in stress.

212

There are many other very talented scholars tackling this phenomena as we speak.

213

Carol Dweck's research demonstrates us that if we can shift our mindset about intelligence

214

and talent as something that's fixed to something that's changeable over time,

215

it can dramatically alter our academic and professional success.

216

Yale epidemiologist Becca Levy's research shows us that if we can change our mindsets about aging,

217

from viewing aging as an inevitable process of deterioration to a process of gaining wisdom,

218

gaining growth, not only shapes the course of how we grow old,

219

but even extends longevity.

220

Ted Kaptchuk and his group at Harvard's program for placebo studies is doing cutting-edge work,

221

understanding how we can begin to harness and ethically utilize the placebo effect in clinical practice.

222

So though the context is different,

223

the message is the same.

224

Our mindsets matter.

225

Now, don't get me wrong,

226

I'm not saying that medicine doesn't work,

227

or that there are no benefits of exercise,

228

or that what we eat doesn't matter.

229

It does.

230

But the psychological and physiological effect of anything in our lives can and is influenced by our mindset.

231

So is the power of mindset limitless?

232

Probably not.

233

But what I hope I've done for you today is inspired you to reconsider where those limits really are.

234

Because the true task ahead is to begin reclaiming this power for ourselves,

235

to acknowledge the power of mindset,

236

and know that just like this,

237

in just the blink of an eye,

238

we can change the game of any facet of our life,

239

quite simply by changing our mindset.

240

Thank you.

TRENDING

Phổ biến

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

ShadowingEnglish.com – Luyện Nói Tiếng Anh Bằng Shadowing

Nói tiếng Anh lưu loát với phương pháp Shadowing — nghe người bản xứ, đọc theo từng câu, rèn phản xạ ngôn ngữ thật sự. Được hàng ngàn người học IELTS tin dùng.

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Change your mindset, change the game | Dr. Alia Crum | TEDxTraverseCity

Phổ biến

Bối cảnh & Nền tảng

5 Cụm từ hàng đầu cho Giao tiếp hàng ngày

Hướng dẫn Luyện nghe nói theo từng bước

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Change your mindset, change the game | Dr. Alia Crum | TEDxTraverseCity

Tải Ứng Dụng

Bối cảnh & Nền tảng

5 Cụm từ hàng đầu cho Giao tiếp hàng ngày

Hướng dẫn Luyện nghe nói theo từng bước

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?