Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Why the World Is Still Not Built for Women | Virginia Santy | TED
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101 câu
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Do you feel comfortable?
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(Laughter) Really think about your experience right now.
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Are you too hot or too cold?
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How does your butt feel sitting in this chair?
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Do you feel safe?
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These questions might seem a little silly, but silly for different reasons, depending on your gender identity.
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We don't really ask these questions of men, because for the most part, we don't have to.
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Our environments are built for men and how they experience the world.
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For you women, these questions are different because we are so conditioned to accept our own discomfort, to accept the environments or systems around us as normal and natural, we often fail to realize when they don't quite fit us, we just work around it.
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How many of you women are carrying a purse or a bag big enough to fit an extra sweater or a down comforter, in case you get cold sometime today?
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(Applause) The truth is, the world wasn't built for women.
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In fact, in nearly every way, it's been quite literally built for men.
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From Da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man" to a concept called "The Modular Man" from the mid-20th century, we've used men's bodies to measure what we feel is normal and appropriate in our world.
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And then we've used those measurements to build everything around us, from chairs to buildings and cars.
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Women are, for the most part, not seen, not measured, not valued.
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And this means the basic physical structures of our environment or the structures of our systems, work against women, in subtle and not-so-subtle ways.
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And this is exponentially true for women of color, women with disabilities, and women with intersectional identities.
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It was only 20 years ago we included female crash test dummies.
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It was only 1991 when we included women in medical trials.
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It is like we have only recently realized women aren't men.
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(Cheers and applause) A few years ago, I started daydreaming about what it would look like to build an office space, a workplace, for women.
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I was tired of freezing in sterile-feeling offices.
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I felt defeated by the woeful tales of moms who had to breast-pump in bathroom stalls or copy rooms.
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I was sick and tired of feeling guilt or embarrassment for having to bring my baby to work with me, a few hours, every once in a while, to compensate for some caregiving emergency or another.
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So I started talking to women and asking them what worked, what didn't work in their spaces.
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And then I used that information to sketch out the perfect plan for a new workspace.
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Women told me, office parking spaces are too narrow, and a car seat with a kid in it is pretty bulky and inflexible.
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So we designed our space with ample parking and spots wide enough to open a car door all the way and take out a car seat.
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Women told us, simply entering a building can be frustrating.
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Have you ever walked up to a door and had to try a few times to get it open?
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You really had to throw your weight behind it.
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That's because doors open more easily for men.
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Literally, it is not just a metaphor anymore.
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So we reduced the force required to open our doors, making it easier for women to use them.
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Moms told us juggling work and children is their most difficult challenge.
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So instead of pretending workers are 100 percent autonomous agents with no human connection and children simply drop from the sky and raise themselves, we plan for on-site childcare rooms where moms could use our partner childcare services or bring their kids to play while they worked.
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This all wasn't just physical.
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From research, we learned women are most likely to attend a professional development event with a friend.
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So we made all learning social.
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These were all great things, and the results were glorious.
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Women supported one another and collaborated across businesses and industries.
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They shared resources and recommendations, anecdotes and pep talks.
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We have built a place where women could unabashedly discuss that other scarlet letter capital-A word for which they are so often judged and criticized: ambition.
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(Laughter) And find not only encouragement from others but strategies.
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We built a place where women felt valued and could therefore be themselves.
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And while I believe valuing women is the only argument we need for building places that work for them, there is also an economic argument.
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Today, there are more men than women in the workforce.
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In fact, women's workforce participation is at the same level today as it was 30 years ago.
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And the gap is only getting wider.
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Building places of work where women feel comfortable and valued is one way to address this.
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If women worked at the same levels as men, the US GDP would increase by five percent.
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Or one trillion dollars.
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(Applause) Globally, we know, when women are more financially secure, they invest more and more often in their families and communities.
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Everything I've mentioned so far are things you can do at home, in your workplaces.
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But we need to think bigger too, and design for women on a larger scale.
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Can we design whole cities to serve women?
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That's the question that inspired my work for the Downtown Denver Partnership.
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The first thing I learned is that women aren't really on the radar of city builders.
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Ninety-four percent of US cities have city plans, yet only two percent of those plans include any mention of women.
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And if women aren't on the radar, it means their distinct experiences aren't on the radar, either.
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Care work is a useful illustration.
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Women spend 37 percent more time per day on household chores or caregiving activities than men.
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And this doesn't end with children.
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The average caregiver for an older adult is a 49-year-old woman who works full-time outside the home and spends an extra 20 hours a week caring for a family member.
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If this is the reality for women, how can we redesign our cities to better serve them?
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Most city centers are childcare deserts, despite a growing number of young families who live and work downtown.
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And women who live in metropolitan areas tend to use public transit to accomplish a range of household or caregiving responsibilities.
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Yet a city's public transportation system isn't really what we think of when we hear the phrase “family friendly.” Public transit is tough to navigate with a stroller.
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It doesn't facilitate the short, frequent trips women tend to take in care work.
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If we really thought about women's experiences, simply recognizing the centrality of care work in women's lives would mean a much different city than what we're used to.
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Imagine this scenario.
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A mom walks a short distance from her home to her transit stop.
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She and her two-year-old child socialize with other parents and kids at the stop because there are other parents and kids at the stop.
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She takes the transit to work, where she goes to the on-site, corporate-sponsored daycare facility.
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She gets a chance to kind of network with the VP at her office, because he and his kids also use the daycare facility.
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Later in the afternoon, she returns to the daycare center for an afternoon snack with her kid.
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Feeling energized by that visit, she returns to her desk, finishes up her day, picks up her kid, heads back to the transit stop.
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She doesn't have to worry about transportation schedules because the transit stop is a hub of services.
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She swings by the walk-in healthcare clinic to get her flu shot.
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She drops by the bank -- which is open past 5pm, by the way -- and sets up a financial account that does not penalize her with higher interest rates simply for being a woman.
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(Applause) She boards her transit home along with other families, feeling like she has had quality time with her kid, as well as a productive and strategic day.
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I daydream about this scenario in the same way I used to daydream about riding a flying pony when I was eight years old.
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(Laughter) And in some ways, it feels just as mythical and surreal.
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But it doesn't have to.
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To me, the workplace, cities, are inventive opportunities to question what we see as normal and natural in our world.
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Why do we make it so difficult on working mothers when their contributions quite literally fuel the future success of our economies?
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(Cheers and applause) How can we do things differently?
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And how can we continue to iterate as gender identities and gender norms evolve?
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Finally, what would it take to make these changes?
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The answer is so simple, it sometimes feels silly to say it aloud.
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Value women.
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(Applause) See women as not only human, and therefore worthy of our consideration, but as people who make incredible contributions to our collective success.
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Recognize, women's experiences are different than men's, but that those differences are not deficiencies.
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(Cheers and applause) This could be a sad story.
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But in many ways it's one of triumph.
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Women succeed in personal, political, cultural, economic arenas, all in spite of systems, places, not designed to serve them.
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Imagine what women could do if we made things a little easier on them.
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We can build places, cities, systems, that are not derivatives of or adjustments to what works for men but the product of inspired thought and creativity.
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We can design for women, measure their lived experiences, and build with those experiences in mind.
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And the world will be better for it.
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Thank you. (Applause and cheers)
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Thông Tin Về Bài Học Này
Bài học hôm nay sẽ giúp bạn luyện nói tiếng Anh qua các câu chuyện và trải nghiệm của phụ nữ trong xã hội. Trong video này, Virginia Santy thảo luận về những khó khăn mà phụ nữ phải đối mặt trong các không gian làm việc và cuộc sống thường nhật. Bạn sẽ học cách cảm nhận và sử dụng ngôn ngữ để thể hiện những vấn đề này, từ đó cải thiện khả năng phát âm tiếng Anh chuẩn và kỹ năng giao tiếp của mình. Hãy cùng tham gia vào việc lắng nghe, nói theo (shadow speech) và hiểu sâu hơn về những khía cạnh này qua việc luyện tập.
Từ Vựng và Cụm Từ Quan Trọng
- purse: túi xách
- workplace: nơi làm việc
- childcare: chăm sóc trẻ em
- comfortable: thoải mái
- ambition: tham vọng
- crash test dummies: mô hình thử nghiệm va chạm
- participation: sự tham gia
- economic argument: lý lẽ kinh tế
Mẹo Luyện Tập
Khi luyện nói tiếng Anh với video này, bạn nên thực hiện theo kỹ thuật shadowing. Đầu tiên, hãy nghe trước mỗi đoạn một lần để hiểu nội dung nói. Sau đó, hãy lặp lại từng câu, cố gắng bắt chước tốc độ và ngữ điệu của Virginia. Tốc độ của video có thể thay đổi, vì vậy hãy kiên nhẫn và nhớ rằng việc phát âm tiếng Anh chuẩn cần thời gian và sự luyện tập liên tục.
Hãy sử dụng các phần mềm shadowing để giúp bạn quét âm thanh và ghi lại tiến bộ của mình. Bạn có thể bắt chước cả giọng điệu và cảm xúc của nhân vật trong video, điều này không chỉ giúp cải thiện khả năng phát âm mà còn giúp bạn diễn đạt cảm xúc một cách tự nhiên hơn. Đừng ngần ngại thử nghiệm với các hình thức diễn đạt khác nhau khi bạn luyện nói; mỗi lần như vậy sẽ mang lại cho bạn những trải nghiệm học tập mới mẻ!
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.