跟讀練習: SDLC Vs STLC: Software Development Life Cycle and Software Testing Life Cycle - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
43 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
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Suppose you are assigned a task to develop a custom software for a client.
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Each block below represents a step required to develop the software.
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Irrespective of your technical background, try and make an educated guess about the sequence of steps you will follow to achieve the task.
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The correct sequence would be gather as much information as possible about the details
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and specifications of the desired software from the client.
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This is nothing but the requirements gathering stage.
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Plan the programming language like Java, PHP, .NET, and database like Oracle,
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MySQL, etc. which will best suit the project.
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Also determine high level functions in architecture.
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This is the design stage.
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Actually code the software.
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This is the build stage.
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Next you test the software to verify that it is built as per the specifications given by the client.
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This is the test stage.
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Once your software product is ready, you may do some code changes to accommodate enhancements requested by the client.
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This would be the maintenance stage.
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All these levels constitute the waterfall method of a software development lifecycle.
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As you may observe, testing in the model starts only after implementation is done.
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But if you are working on a large project where the systems are complex, it's easy to miss key details in the requirements phase itself.
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In such cases, an entirely wrong product will be delivered to the client.
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You will have to start afresh with the project.
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Or if you manage to note the requirements correctly but make serious mistakes in design and architecture of your software,
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you will have to redesign the entire software to correct the error.
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Assessments of thousands of projects have shown that defects introduced during requirements
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and design make up close to half of the total number of defects.
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Also, the costs of fixing a defect increases across the development lifecycle.
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The earlier in the lifecycle a defect is detected, the cheaper it is to fix.
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As they say, a stitch in time saves 9.
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To address this concern, the V model of testing was developed.
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For every phase in the development lifecycle, there is a corresponding testing phase.
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The left side of the model is the software development lifecycle, SDLC.
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The right side of the model is the software test lifecycle, STLC.
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The entire figure looks like a V, hence the name V-Model.
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In this figure, you'll find a few stages different from the waterfall method.
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These differences, along with the details of each testing phase, will be discussed in a later tutorial.
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Apart from the V model, there are iterative development models, where development is carried out in phases, with each phase adding a functionality to the software.
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Each phase comprises of its own independent set of development and testing activities.
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Good examples of development life cycles following the iterative method are Rapid Application Development, and Agile Development.
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Before we close this tutorial, here are a few pointers.
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You must note that there are numerous development lifecycle models.
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The development model selected for a project depends on the aims and goals of that project.
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Testing is not a standalone activity, and it has to adapt with the development model chosen for the project.
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In any model, testing should be performed at all levels, right from requirements gathering all the way up to maintenance.
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本影片的口語練習目標
通過觀看這段關於軟體生命週期的影片，你能鍛鍊英語影子跟讀的流暢度，尤其是在處理專業術語較多的長段落時，提升邊聽邊說的同步性。這對雅思口語練習中需要清晰表達複雜概念的場景很有幫助，能讓你在描述流程、解釋邏輯時更有條理。
實用短語庫
- "irrespective of your technical background"（無論你的技術背景如何）
- "make an educated guess"（做出有根據的猜測）
- "accommodate enhancements"（適應改進需求）
- "a stitch in time saves nine"（及時一針省九針，即防微杜漸）
- "standalone activity"（獨立活動）
這些短語不僅能用於技術話題，在日常交流或雅思口語練習中也能增色，比如用"make an educated guess"描述對未知事物的推測。
攻克口語弱點
影片中長句較多，如"Assessments of thousands of projects have shown that defects introduced during requirements and design make up close to half of the total number of defects"，其節奏和重音分佈是練習重點。通過英語影子跟讀，你能學會如何自然斷句，避免因句子過長而卡殼。此外，"hence the name"等連線詞的弱讀的處理也很關鍵，這能讓你的口語更接近母語者水平。
作為一個不錯的shadowing site，看YouTube學英語是個好方法。你可以反覆播放影片，模仿 narrator 的語氣和語速，這比單純背單詞更能提升口語流暢度。堅持用這種方式進行英語口語練習，你會發現自己在處理複雜句式時越來越得心應手。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。