跟读练习: CAM 20 | IELTS LISTENING TEST | TEST 3 - SECTION 4 #english #listeningpractice #ielts #education - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Part 4.
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You will hear a design and technology lecturer talking about inclusive design.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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It's only relatively recently that designers have become aware of the need to be inclusive when designing products.
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But what does that mean exactly?
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Well, it simply means designing products that span economic, social and cultural barriers.
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It means making sure products are accessible, so
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that as many different types of people as possible can use
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them without any type of adaptation having to be made to the original design.
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Inclusive design is often linked with universal design, although they are not quite the same thing.
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Universal Design aims to make products that work for everyone and that includes considering the needs of people who have cognitive difficulties,
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which can present quite a challenge.
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Today, examples of successful inclusive design can be seen all around us.
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In workplaces, it is common to see desks which can be adjusted to suit people of different heights, or for wheelchair users.
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This still isn't always the case, however, and is one reason why office workers often suffer from back or neck problems.
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You'll find another example in the public toilets of countless hotels airports
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and offices taps that you activate by sensor require no pressing or twisting movements
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these are not only more hygienic they're also easier for people with dexterity or mobility issues
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the tech industry has been criticized in the past for focusing too much on young consumers
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but this is changing many products are now designed with the elderly in mind for example it's well known
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that vision declines with age and
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that we also become worse at distinguishing between similar colors in particular shades of blue
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which is why software designers rarely create interfaces with this colour.
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Motor skills also decline with age
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and some people have difficulty doing everyday things like picking up a cup or opening a door.
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This can also affect their ability to use a mouse or keyboard.
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So voice access is now a routine way of making commands.
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It's worth looking at the problems non-inclusive designs cause when not enough consideration is given to a range of users
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as it can have a serious impact on people's lives
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Access is one obvious example because it has such a huge impact on disabled people's independence
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Not being able to access public transport because buses
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or trains are not wheelchair friendly means many disabled people can't go out unless someone goes with them.
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Safety is another issue.
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Inexplicably, most cars are still crash-tested using a dummy based on an average-sized male.
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This has safety implications for all women, particularly those who are pregnant,
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as the seatbelts worn by the dummy are not adapted to accommodate them.
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Over the past 100 years, workplaces in the UK have, on the whole, become considerably safer.
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Employers are legally required to provide well-maintained personal protective equipment, or PPE, anything from goggles to full bodysuits,
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to workers who need it, free of charge.
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But most PPE is designed to fit men.
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A recent report found that employers often think that when it comes to female workers,
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all they need to do to comply with this legal requirement is to buy jackets, for example, designed for a small man.
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The problem with this is that women can be tall and still have much smaller shoulders than the average man.
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Ill-fitting PPE such as high-vis jackets, vests and body armour can put women at risk
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The report found that 95% of women said
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that their PPE often hampered their work and that this problem was worst in the emergency services, particularly the police
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Another problem is related to comfort at work
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A very common scenario in offices in summertime is to see women wrapped in blankets
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or wearing sweaters while the air conditioning is on high.
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Meanwhile, the men are in shorts and t-shirts.
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This is due to differences in metabolic rates for men and women.
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There is a standard setting for air conditioning to be at a temperature of 21 degrees, designed to suit men.
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and in most modern offices it's not possible to turn the air conditioning up or down.
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This means that many offices which mainly employ women are wasting energy by having the air conditioning set too high.
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As you can see from the examples I've just mentioned, there are serious consequences for designs which don't consider the needs of all users.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Thank you.
为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
通过观看和聆听这个关于包容性设计的讲座，您可以提高口语能力同时加深对设计相关主题的理解。视频中的讲解者使用清晰的语速和专业的术语，使得您不仅能学习到新词汇，还能培养自己的口语表达能力。此外，练习与视频内容重复的发音可以帮助您改善发音和语调。
这种互动性的学习方式，让您在提高英语口语能力的同时，更深入地了解设计及技术领域的最新动态。这对准备雅思口语练习或其他语言考试的学习者来说，意义重大。
语法和表达方式分析
- 包容性设计 (Inclusive Design): 讲座中频繁提到这个概念，指的是设计能够满足各种不同用户需求的产品。这一表达不仅适用于设计领域，也可以灵活运用到讨论社会问题时。
- 依赖于/集中于 (rely on/focus on): 讲者提到技术行业过度依赖年轻消费者，强调了某些设计选择中缺乏包容性，这一结构可用于表明对某事物的强调和关注。
- 造成影响 (have an impact on): 这一表达用来描述设计缺陷对用户生活带来的具体影响，例如交通工具的无障碍设计对残障人士的独立性产生的影响。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，某些专业词汇的发音可能会让人感到困难。例如，“包容性设计”（Inclusive Design）中的“inclusive”发音特别重要，容易被误读。其他词汇如“运动技能”（motor skills）在快速语流中也容易被混淆。为了练习这些单词，建议使用看YouTube学英语的方法，跟着视频反复模仿。这种方法可以帮助您提高听力的同时，查漏补缺。
此外，雅思口语练习中常涉及到社会和科技的讨论，您可以尝试与同伴一起练习，并应用在视频中学到的句式和词汇。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。