跟读练习: Chunking: the secret to fluency? - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Today, I want to talk about learning languages in chunks.
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Today, I want to talk about learning languages in chunks.
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I'm sure it's a concept that many of you are aware of.
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I'm going to tell you why I think it's important and how we go about learning languages in chunks.
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Quite a while ago, maybe 25, 30 years ago, where up until that point, people tended to think that language learning was all about words and grammar.
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So if you have all these words and you learn the formula.
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Then you'll be able to use the words correctly according to sort of standard usage for that language.
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Then a professor Lewis came along and suggested that, in fact, no, as much as 60 percent of any language, it consists of these sort of formulaic or formula based chunks, words that belong together.
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In my view, it's not just the obvious sort of collocations, you know, by the way, or on the other hand.
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or expressions like that.
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Everything about the language consists of words that normally are used together with other words.
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And I remember when I was correcting English at LingQ, the biggest problem was not grammar per se, but that people would choose the wrong word.
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Word choice, word usage.
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And that has all to do with this idea of chunks.
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And so words are used together with other words.
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And those are chunks.
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So how do we learn the chunks?
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One person suggested back in 1925, a certain Harold Palmer suggested that we should learn the most frequent patterns in the language and learn to use them, memorize them, come out with these prefabricated chunks of language.
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This is kind of like the phrasebook approach.
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Personally, I've found that very difficult.
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I can't remember these.
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Prefabricated phrases.
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I mean, they'll come out naturally at some point if I've kind of acquired them in some way naturally, but to deliberately learn them has never worked for me.
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Now there's been a lot of research and I'm going to leave a link to a very good presentation on the subject of chunking from Cambridge.
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And if you have the time, you can go through it and you will see that one of the sort of proofs that.
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Chunking works that they refer to is that a group of students who went to France and had a lot of exposure to French, they ended up speaking in sort of natural sounding chunks.
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So they had acquired an ability to speak in chunks and that made them sound more natural and they were able to speak more quickly.
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We can't all fly off to the country where the language is spoken that we are trying to learn.
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But as you'll see from this link that I left you, the teachers want to teach.
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So if chunks are important, then they want to teach them, they want to have, you know, do we teach them for frequency?
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Do we teach them for ease of learning?
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They come up with different criteria so that they can deliberately teach the chunks that the learners should learn.
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Which, in my way of thinking, is kind of putting things backwards, as I shall explain.
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Now, of course, part of this desire to teach the chunks, or teach vocabulary, is that if you allow the learner to simply learn from, you know, a lot of meaningful content, they may shy away from deliberately learning the language, deliberately learning the grammar, the rules.
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But maybe that's not such a bad thing.
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I'm a believer in crash, and I believe wholeheartedly in The power of input.
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So I avoid doing too much sort of deliberate learning and more sort of getting the language in me more naturally.
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In fact, you'll see in that study that I sent you to that one commentator said that who was kind of pushing back on the idea of learning chunks that yeah, we can acquire chunks from being exposed to a lot of different contexts.
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And in fact, there is research to show that we learn Patterns and verbs more easily from a variety of contexts, as opposed to sort of frequency of exposure.
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There are more traditional, you know, vocabulary learning techniques.
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We learn it better if we're exposed to a lot of different contexts.
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But this one person said, the sheer enormity of the amount of material that we have to, you know, consume in order to acquire our vocabulary and our text.
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Chunks from sort of input is just, it makes it impossible.
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But then I go back to these students who were studying French, who went to France and came back with natural chunking.
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They didn't do it because they deliberately studied chunks.
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They did it because they had a lot of exposure in meaningful contexts and speaking to people.
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They were interested in what they were hearing.
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They were picking up the language.
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They were trying it out and gradually they spoke more and more naturally.
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Gradually. They used more natural chunks.
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So this brings me back to my Turkish learning.
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So this morning I had a lesson with my Turkish tutor, and of course I struggle mightily to produce, particularly the verb forms, correctly in Turkish.
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And kind of I say to myself, will I ever be able to do that?
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And, of course, I know from experience that I will gradually be able to do that better and better as long as I trust the process.
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So I have a lot of words in my vocabulary that I can trot out in our conversation connecting them with very poor grammar.
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And over time, I believe I will get better at it.
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So my strategy is massive.
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So, as I did with Polish, as I did with Danish, as I did with other languages, I find a website which has audiobooks and e books, which in the case of Turkish is Storytel.
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And the big advantage of getting on these websites is that in addition to podcasts that you can subscribe to, you can also, once you connect with audible.
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com, if you're learning English or Spanish, or in my case, Storytel or publio.
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com. PL or, or Saxo, I think it was for Danish.
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It shows up on your Apple CarPlay screen.
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So the minute I get in the car, I just turn on an audio book that I'm listening to in Turkish.
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I'm listening to it.
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I am picking up chunks here and there.
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I don't understand actually what they're talking about, but I do hear very clearly defined chunks that form part of the language that I, eventually want to be able to use.
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And so what I then do is, because I always get the audiobook and the e book, then I go into the e book on LingQ, and in particular, as I'm reading it, where I see some really useful chunks, I can go into sentence mode, I can link some of these words together to form phrases, I can review them, and then I have to reassemble the sentence.
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And in this way, I get a sort of a random exposure to different chunks.
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Of course, it's not the tremendous number of chunks that I will eventually need, but slowly I'm going to be picking up and noticing and collecting more and more of these chunks through massive exposure to the language and the occasional effort at Sort of in isolating and focusing in on certain chunks.
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Based on my experience, I will eventually get better.
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I won't be perfect and it takes a long time to sort of reduce the number of mistakes we make.
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And that's why in, in one of these other links that I leave with you, where they compare, you know, frequency versus time.
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Diversity of context to help you learn vocabulary.
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They sort of say for early production.
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Why for early production?
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We don't need early production.
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We don't need to be able to speak right away.
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I've been at Turkish now for five and a half months.
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I can't expect to speak that well.
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I don't have that sort of goal.
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I want to get the language in me.
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And I will gradually get better, and I can always go back to content that I've done before.
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Even easy content like the mini stories, I can go through it in sentence mode if necessary, focus in on certain chunks, or patterns, or verb forms, and continue to improve.
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All the while enjoying my language learning, and not being too focused in on deliberately learning anything.
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So, there you have it.
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I hope that was helpful.
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Thank you. Bye.
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背景与环境
在学习语言的过程中，很多人往往专注于单词和语法，认为掌握了这些就可以流利表达。然而，近年来的研究显示，语言学习中有一个关键但常被忽视的因素——“chunking”，即将语言分成可管理的块来学习。这一概念由语言学家Lewis教授提出，他认为语言的60%是由这些固定搭配和短语组成。通过学习这些“chunk”，我们可以更自然、更快速地进行交流。
日常交流的五大短语
- by the way（顺便说一下）
- on the other hand（另一方面）
- all of a sudden（突然之间）
- as a matter of fact（事实上）
- to be honest（说实话）
这些短语在日常对话中非常常见，学习并运用它们将帮助你听起来更自然，提升你的英语口语能力。使用这些短语的同时尝试在真实场景中进行练习是非常重要的。
逐步影子跟读指南
要有效地掌握这些短语并改善英语发音，可以采用以下逐步的方法进行影子跟读（英语影子跟读）练习：
- 选择一段自然的对话或演讲：找一段包含你想学习短语的音频或视频，最好是生活化的场景。
- 初步理解内容：听几遍，确保你理解大意，不必纠结于每个单词。
- 逐句跟读：使用影子跟读技术，试着跟随说话者的节奏和语调，特别注意短语的拼读和使用方式。
- 录音并回放自己：录下你自己的跟读，回放聆听，找出需要改进的地方。
- 反复练习：通过多次的跟读和录音，逐渐提高流利度和自信心。可以在专注于发音的同时，使用如“shadowspeaks”之类的工具来提升效果。
影子跟读能够帮助你在上下文中学习短语，提升你的英语沟通能力，同时理解它们的实际用法。记得放松心态，享受学习的过程！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。