跟读练习: How to make a mummy - Len Bloch - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Death and taxes are famously inevitable.
42 句
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Death and taxes are famously inevitable.
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But what about decomposition?
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As anyone who's seen a mummy knows, ancient Egyptians went to a lot of trouble to evade decomposition.
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So how successful were they?
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Living cells constantly renew themselves.
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Specialized enzymes decompose old structures, and the raw materials are used to build new ones.
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But what happens when someone dies?
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Their dead cells are no longer able to renew themselves, but the enzymes keep breaking everything down.
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So anyone looking to preserve a body needed to get ahead of those enzymes before the tissues began to rot.
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Neurons die quickly, so brains were a lost cause to ancient Egyptian mummifiers, which is why, according to Greek historian Herodotus,
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they started the process by hammering a spike into the skull, mashing up the brain, flushing it out the nose,
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and pouring tree resins into the skull to prevent further decomposition.
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Brains may decay first, but decaying guts are much worse.
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The liver, stomach, and intestines contain digestive enzymes and bacteria,
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which, upon death, start eating the corpse from the inside.
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So the priests removed the lungs and abdominal organs first.
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It was difficult to remove the lungs without damaging the heart, but because the heart was believed to be the seat of the soul, they treated it with special care.
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They placed the visceral organs in jars, filled with a naturally occurring salt called natron.
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Like any salt, natron can prevent decay by killing bacteria and preventing the body's natural digestive enzymes from working.
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But natron isn't just any salt.
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It's mainly a mixture of two alkaline salts, soda ash and baking soda.
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Alkaline salts are especially deadly to bacteria.
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And they can turn fatty membranes into a hard, soapy substance, thereby maintaining the corpse's structure.
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After dealing with the internal organs, the priests stuffed the body cavity with sacks of more natron and washed it clean to disinfect the skin.
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Then, the corpse was set in a bed of still more natron for about 35 days to preserve its outer flesh.
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By the time of its removal, the alkaline salts had sucked the fluid from the body and formed hard brown clumps.
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The corpse wasn't putrid, but it didn't exactly smell good either.
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So priests poured tree resin over the body to seal it, massaged it with a waxy mixture that included cedar oil,
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and then wrapped it in linen.
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Finally, they placed the mummy in a series of nested coffins, and sometimes even a stone own sarcophagus.
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So how successful were the ancient Egyptians at evading decay?
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On one hand, mummies are definitely not intact human bodies.
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Their brains have been mashed up and flushed out, their organs have been removed and salted like salami,
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and about half of their remaining body mass has been drained away.
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Still, what remains is amazingly well-preserved.
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Even after thousands of years, scientists can perform autopsies on mummies to determine their causes of death, and possibly even isolate DNA samples.
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This has given us new information.
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For example, it seems that air pollution was a serious problem in ancient Egypt, probably because of indoor fires used to bake bread.
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Cardiovascular disease was also common, as was tuberculosis.
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So ancient Egyptians were somewhat successful in invading decay.
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Still, like death, taxes are inevitable.
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When some mummies were transported, they were taxed as salted fish.
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背景信息
在本次视频中，讲解者Len Bloch深入探讨了古埃及木乃伊制作的复杂过程。通过吸引人的叙述，他将我们带入了一个古老文明，揭示古埃及人如何尽力避免尸体腐烂的秘密。这不仅展现了古代技术的智慧，也反映出他们对生命和死亡的深刻理解。对英语学习者来说，这段视频不仅是了解历史的窗口，更是练习英语和提高口语技能的良机。通过跟读和理解这些内容，学习者可以在有趣的背景中增强他们的语言能力。
日常交流的五个重要短语
- preserve a body (保存尸体)
- prevent decay (防止腐烂)
- organs removed (器官被移除)
- alkaline salts (碱性盐)
- well-preserved (保存良好)
逐步影子跟读指南
要有效地利用这个视频提升你的英语口语能力，以下是一些逐步的影子跟读技巧：
- 选择一小段：从视频中选择一小段，大约15-30秒，开始时不要过长。
- 听音重复：先只听并重复讲者的句子，力求模仿他的语音、语调和节奏。这可以通过“英语影子跟读”技术进行，一边看着视频，一边跟着说。
- 理解内容：仔细理解所听句子的意思，确保你知道每个短语所传达的信息，以增强理解能力。
- 多次练习：反复进行上述步骤，不断提高自己的流利度和自信心。这将帮助你在日常会话或雅思口语练习中更加游刃有余。
- 录音对比：将自己的跟读录音与视频中的发音进行对比，找出需要改进的地方。
通过这种方法，不仅可以在娱乐中学习，还能通过“看YouTube学英语”，有效提升自己的口语和听力技巧。因此，尽情享受学习的过程吧！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。