跟读练习: How to Tell What’s Real Online - 通过视频学习英语口语
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I've been thinking a lot lately as an educator and especially as a scientist, when you search online for answers and knowledge,
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wisdom and insight, what do you trust?
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How do you trust it?
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What is involved to decide whether something is true or not true?
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And it's not easy at all.
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I know a lot about a lot of stuff, But when I look things up that I don't know, it's like, you know, this doesn't seem to feel right.
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There's something odd about it.
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Let me keep checking.
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But let me first off the top say
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so many people are now using some variant of AI to answer their questions that they might have.
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When I search things where I fully know the answer, AI gets it right 85% of the time.
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15% of the time it's flat out wrong or didn't fully understand what's going on.
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Of course, large language models are, they don't think really, they're just assembling words
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that have appeared next to other words that various people have written and posted on the internet.
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And so there's no guarantee that what people have posted is correct.
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What I encourage people to do is don't trust what the large language model AI is giving you.
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If it's worth its weight in salt, it'll give links to where it got that information.
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Just like the old days, when you did a search, you'd have a list of websites.
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And then you would click on the websites and assemble your own answer, which is what AI is doing for you now.
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So I don't rely on AI, just based on the errors I know it makes when I already know the answer to something.
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So what is objectively true really matters to everything I do say
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and think and produce and so I check things double-check them triple-check them verify
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if my bias isn't is influencing what I'm finding am I
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just choosing what I like versus what I don't like all of
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that matters which is why finding the truth is a hard thing
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so in my experience extracting that which is objectively true from the internet.
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I have found that websites that are .edu, which is typically a university or otherwise educational institution,
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that you are more likely to get correct information.
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So if it's not from those, I would put up a yellow flag.
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How about somebody's online and they're defending the actions of an industry in which they work?
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Yellow flag.
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Not a red flag.
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There are people who will just discount it just because the person's paid by the industry.
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They could be telling you the truth.
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So it's a yellow flag.
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It means whatever they tell you, listen with caution.
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Because they have a vested financial interest in having their view match that of the industry.
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So what's an example of this?
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Uh, hmm.
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We went through decades with the tobacco industry telling us there was nothing wrong with tobacco.
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Meanwhile, other sources of information said that there was.
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The industry is not always lying to you.
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You put up a yellow flag and then you look deeper to verify or falsify it.
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Here's another case.
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Podcasts are everywhere.
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There's millions of them.
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Millions.
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That's Starktalk just one of them.
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Some podcasts, the host just tries to get really cool people on, and in the interest of views,
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clickbait, public interest, to get someone with a kind of fringy view that's still kind of fun to listen to.
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Maybe someone got abducted by aliens and you're listening to them.
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If the host has insufficient expertise to probe and to inquire and to criticize what they're listening to, yellow flag.
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If you really like what's being said, find another place to verify that information.
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Here's another one.
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When someone is handing you their opinion, Yellow flag.
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If the source, the internet source, tells you how you should feel about information,
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in that case they are handing you their opinion on the expectation that it will become your opinion.
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Instead of finding sources that contain objective information, then you assimilating that, digesting it,
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and then forming your own opinion independent of people coming at you with their opinions.
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It may be that the person says things that resonate with you.
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I never thought about it that way.
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I agree with that.
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That feels good.
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I don't have a problem with that.
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But what you're not in control of is what information they're basing their opinion on.
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And it could be that if you had access to other information, you'd arrive at a different opinion than they did.
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The internet overflows with people handing you their opinions.
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And I've never seen that as a healthy landscape on which to glean objective knowledge about this world.
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Here's how I look at opinions.
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Have whatever opinion you want, but work really hard to base it on objective truths that you obtain for yourself.
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Let me throw out another.
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If there's content that has been lifted from its original source and reposted, there's a yellow flag.
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First, you don't know if it's out of context.
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Usually there's commentary that surrounds it because they want to get you to think about
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that clip what they think about that clip And
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if it's not in its original platform in its original format in its original length That's a yellow flag.
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Maybe it's just an innocent.
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I'll check this out.
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It's funny I enjoyed it, but if it starts containing information that you need to absorb to make your own decisions about things
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Then go back to the original source.
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I once gave a two-hour public talk and and 90 seconds of it was clipped and reposted, and someone railed on it.
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Say, how does he dare he say this?
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What, he doesn't ever, without knowing what preceded those 90 seconds.
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The whole analysis was completely false because he didn't see the rest of it.
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But he's bringing his following into it so that he can hand them his opinions of a snippet of something I said.
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So that's my first hand example of that.
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But of course, this would apply to anybody at any time.
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Go back to the original source.
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And some content is longer than others.
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Yes, it's easier to see the 30 second clip, the two minute clip.
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But if you care about what is objectively true in the world, the yellow flag tells you, go find the original source.
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I got another one that's kind of in between a yellow and a red flag.
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Here's how science works.
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When you're on the frontier, We're scratching our head, we don't know what is true yet,
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but I can have a scientific result that hints at something, or declares that one thing is true rather than something else.
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If there's no other research to verify it, that's a yellow flag.
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That's interesting.
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That's worthy of further research to see if this result holds true.
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And generally, if it makes it into the news, it's a result that's unexpected.
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If it's a completely expected scientific result, no one is going to talk about it.
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This might ultimately prove to be true when verified by other results, hence the yellow flag.
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It means don't rearrange your life just yet, but keep an eye on it.
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It becomes a red flag when there are other research projects that conflict with that one result.
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And at that point, you're cherry picking from the moving frontier of science
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because that particular result is what you need it to be, what you want it to be, or what's consistent with your religion,
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your politics, your culture, or just your mood.
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some case studies of this.
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There was a research paper that suggested certain vaccines caused autism.
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Suggested it.
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That's an interesting result.
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Oh my gosh.
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That spawned a lot of other research to check that.
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And it has never been verified.
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And hundreds of papers have shown that it is a false correlation.
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And there is no cause and effect.
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But people looking for something to blame, kept going back to that original research paper,
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cherry picking it from the frontier that had already achieved consensus and was moving on.
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That's an example.
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If someone has a video,
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and anywhere in that video they mention conspiracy, red flag.
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It doesn't mean there's never been conspiracies in the history of the world.
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Of course there have been.
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I'm just saying the likelihood of something being true when someone needs the conspiracy for it to be true is very low.
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What all conspiracy theories have in common is
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that the person already knows the outcome
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and they assemble the data trail until the data do not agree with the outcome they seek.
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If it doesn't agree, they still have to gap that somehow.
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And the way to do that is to say, it's a coverup.
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It's a conspiracy.
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They're withholding this information.
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They're stopping you from knowing it.
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So invested were they in the outcome that they needed,
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that they wanted, they were in denial of the release data from the authorities that they said were hiding the data.
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And they just said, oh, this is just fake data because they don't really want you to know this result.
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Red flag, 100% of the cases.
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Do some more homework on this.
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A lot more homework.
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Red flag, if someone wants you to think that there's something wrong with mainstream thinking, and they alone have the answer.
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Since when did mainstream become a bad word?
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When Einstein published the theories of relativity, mainstream physics was like classical physics.
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Quantum physics comes around, relativity comes around.
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It is not mainstream.
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It was published in peer-reviewed journals and it transformed physics.
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The difference is all of classical physics is still correct in the regimes over which it was tested.
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And relativity and quantum physics absorbed classical physics within them.
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Point is, if someone gets on social media or anywhere on the internet and says, mainstream is wrong and they're suppressing my view,
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which is correct, red flag, pure and simple, red flag.
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Mainstream is not your enemy.
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Just a couple more, thanks for hanging with me here.
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Anytime someone indicts an entire demographic,
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red flag, they say, the Jews, the gays, the blacks.
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If you hear that out of anybody's mouth, red flag.
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They want to declare they know everything they need to know about you without actually having a conversation with you.
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That takes effort, by the way, to learn who people are, to learn the nuances that distinguish one person from another,
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one person's thoughts, behaviors, actions, motivations, from another.
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One of the greatest travesties of what it is to be human is to tribalize in that way.
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Generally, if someone feels comfortable categorizing demographics in that way, it means they don't know many people from that demographic.
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That's really all that means.
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You've led an isolated life.
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For the same reason, if someone lumps an entire industry together and indicts them for any reason at all,
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that should be a red flag.
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Especially huge industries where there might be some companies within there that have a moral code that distinguishes them from others.
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Surely you've heard people say, I hate big pharma.
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Like, really?
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You just wanna put them all together as one monolith?
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By lumping them together, you are denying that possibility within a huge range of business practices.
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It doesn't mean there isn't a practice that they're all doing that you indict,
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But to indict all practices of all companies that are part of a sector, that should just simply be a red flag.
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It is way too easy to just lump everybody together and declare that you understand who and what they are.
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Someone posted a video, there's less of this out there, but just there's less of it.
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Someone says that they've discovered some process phenomenon, material, that defies the known laws of physics.
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Red flag.
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Do I need to go further on this one?
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One more to round out an even dozen.
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Somebody tells you they invented something that will render an entire industry obsolete and that you better buy it now,
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otherwise that industry is gonna close down their channel.
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Red flag.
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Baker's dozen.
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If someone says they've met the aliens, red flag.
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Hold them to a higher standard than just their eyewitness testimony.
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Hold them to a higher standard than fuzzy video taken in Twilight.
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Hold them to a higher standard.
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Again, we're after objective truths here.
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And in that higher standard, have them bring forth the alien of which they speak.
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It's tough today because AI can just create that in a video.
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So meet me in Times Square or in Speaker's Corner
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or in Venice Beach with the alien at this time and we can all look at your alien.
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That's how you establish objective truths.
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That's my baker's dozen list of cautions
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as you proceed to establish that which is objectively true supported by evidence and that which is not.
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And this has been another What's Up With That?
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Trying to cope with the modern ocean of information that's out there.
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Until next time, keep looking up.
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Thank you.
背景与上下文
在这个视频中，演讲者作为教育者和科学家，分享了在网上寻找信息时信任什么以及如何判断真相的一些思考。他强调，虽然AI技术在帮助解答问题方面十分流行，但我们仍然应保持谨慎，因为AI并非总是提供正确的信息。这个讨论不仅涉及科学和教育，还触及到个人在获取信息时的信任、偏见以及如何找到客观真相的复杂性。
日常沟通的五个常用短语
- 你觉得这个信息可信吗？ - 用于询问他人对某个信息的看法。
- 我需要再次确认这个信息的来源。 - 表达你对信息验证的重视。
- 这是一个黄色警告标志。 - 用于表示信息可能需谨慎对待。
- 我们应该更深入地验证这个观点。 - 强调进一步探索的必要性。
- 是否有其他来源支持这个说法？ - 提出寻找多重证据的观点。
逐步跟读指南
对于想提升英语口语能力的学习者，尤其是在雅思口语练习方面，可以采用以下步骤进行shadow speak练习，从而提高英语发音和表达能力：
- 选择适合的材料：选择该视频的片段，确保内容丰富且与日常生活相关，方便进行英语口语练习。
- 初步理解内容：在观看视频前，先预读字幕，了解大致内容和主要观点。这样在跟读时可以更容易理解语境。
- 分段练习：将视频内容分段，逐句跟读。可以使用慢速播放模式，帮助准确模仿发音和语调。
- 模仿语音语调：在跟读时，特别注意演讲者的语音语调、重音和停顿。通过这种shadowing技巧，能有效提升你的英语口语表达能力。
- 录音回放：录下自己的跟读，和原视频进行对比，这样可以发现自己发音的不足之处，并进行相应的改正。
通过以上步骤，学习者不仅能提高自己的英语口语能力，还能深入理解信息源的重要性及其在日常生活中的应用。进行shadow speak练习时，鼓励大家探索更多内容，以提高自己的语言能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。