跟读练习: Quit social media | Dr. Cal Newport | TEDxTysons - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Reviewer
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All right, so you probably don't realize
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that right now you're actually looking at something quite rare
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because I am a millennial computer scientist book author standing on a TED stage,
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and yet I've never had a social media account.
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All this happened was actually somewhat random.
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Social media first came onto my radar when I was at college,
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my sophomore year of college.
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This is when Facebook arrived at our campus.
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And at the time, which was right after the first dot com bust,
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I had had a dorm room business.
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I had had to shut it down in the bust.
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And then suddenly this other kid from Harvard named Mark had this product called Facebook and people were getting excited about it.
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So it was sort of a fit of somewhat immature professional jealousy.
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I said, I'm not going to use this thing.
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I'm not going to help this kid's business.
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What's that ever going to amount to?
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So as I go along my life,
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I look up not long later and I see that everyone I know is really hooked on this thing.
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And from the clarity you can get when you have some objectivity,
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some perspective on it, I realized this seems a little bit dangerous.
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So I never signed up.
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I've never had a social media account since.
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So I'm here for two reasons.
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I want to deliver two messages.
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The first message I want to deliver is that even though I've never had a social media account, I'm okay.
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You don't have to worry.
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It turns out I still have friends,
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I still know what's going on in the world.
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As a computer scientist, I still collaborate with people all around the world,
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I'm still regularly exposed serendipitously to interesting ideas and I rarely describe myself as lacking in entertainment options.
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So I've been okay, but I'd go even farther.
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I'd go even farther and say not only am I okay without social media,
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but I think I'm actually better off.
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I think I'm happier, I think I find more sustainability in my life
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and I think I've been more successful professionally because I don't use social media.
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So my second goal here on stage is to try to convince more of you to believe the same thing.
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To see if I could actually convince more of you that you too would be better off if you quit social media.
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So if the theme of this TEDx event is future tense,
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I guess in other words this would be my vision of the future,
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would be one in which fewer people actually use social media.
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Okay so that's a big claim.
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I think I need to back it up some,
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I thought what I would do is take the three most common objections I hear
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when I suggest to people that they quit social media.
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And then for each of these objections I'll try to defuse the hype
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and see if I can actually push in some more reality.
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This is the first most common objection I hear.
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That's not a hermit, that's actually a hipster web developer down from 8th Street.
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I'm not sure.
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Hipster or hermit, sometimes it's hard to tell.
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So this first objection goes as follows,
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Cal, social media is one of the fundamental technologies of the 21st century.
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To reject social media would be an act of extreme Ludism.
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It would be like riding to work in a horse or using a rotary phone.
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I can't take such a big stance in my life.
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So my reaction to that objection is,
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I think that is nonsense.
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Social media is not a fundamental technology.
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It leverages some fundamental technologies,
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is better understood as this,
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which is to say it's a source of entertainment.
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It's an entertainment product.
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The way the technologist Jaron Lanair puts it is
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that these companies offer you shiny treats in exchange for minutes of your attention
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and bytes of your personal data which can then be packaged up and sold.
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So to say that you don't use social media should not be a large social stance.
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It's just rejecting one form of entertainment for others.
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It should be no more controversial than saying,
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I don't like newspapers, I like to get my news from magazines.
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Or I prefer to watch cable series as opposed to network television series.
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It's not a major political or social stance to say you don't use this product.
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My use of the slot machine image up here also is not accidental
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because if you look a little bit closer at these technologies,
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it's not just that they're a source of entertainment,
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but they're actually a somewhat unsavory source of entertainment.
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We now know
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that many of the major social media companies hire individuals called
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attention engineers who borrow principles from Las Vegas casino gambling among
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other places to try to make these products as addictive as possible.
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That is the desired use case of these products is
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that you use it in an addictive fashion because that maximizes the profit that can be extracted from your attention and data.
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So it's not a fundamental technology,
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it's just a source of entertainment,
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one among many and it's somewhat unsavory if you look a little bit closer.
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So here's the second common objection I hear when I suggest that people quit social media.
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The objection goes as follows,
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Cal, I can't quit social media because it is vital to my success in the 21st century economy.
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If I do not have a well cultivated social media brand,
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people won't know who I am,
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people won't be able to find me,
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opportunities won't come my way,
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and I will effectively disappear from the economy.
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So again, my reaction is once again,
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this objection also is nonsense.
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So I recently published this book that draws on multiple different strands of evidence
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to make the point that in a competitive 21st century economy,
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what the market values is the ability to produce things that are rare and are valuable.
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You can produce something that's rare and is valuable,
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the market will value that.
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What the market dismisses, for the most part,
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are activities that are easy to replicate and produce a small amount of value.
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Well social media use is the epitome of an easy to replicate activity that does not directly produce a lot of value.
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It's something that any 16 year old with a smart phone can do.
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By definition the market is not going to give a lot of value to those behaviors.
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It's instead going to reward the deep concentrated work required to build real skills
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and to apply those skills to produce things like a craftsman that are rare and that are valuable.
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To put it another way,
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if you can write an elegant algorithm,
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if you can write a legal brief that can change a case,
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if you can write a thousand words of prose,
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that's going to fixate a reader right to the end.
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If you can look at a sea of ambiguous data
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and apply statistics and pull out insights that could transform a whole business strategy,
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if you can do these type of activities which require deep work that produce outcomes that are rare and valuable,
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people will find you.
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You will be able to write your own ticket able to build the foundation of a very meaningful and successful professional life,
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regardless of how many Instagram followers you have.
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So this is the third common objection I hear
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when I suggest to people that they quit social media
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and in some sense I think it might be one of the most important
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so this objection goes as follows Cal maybe I agree with
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you maybe you're right it's not a fundamental technology maybe using
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social media is not at the core of my professional success
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but you know what it's harmless I have some fun on
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it weird Twitter is funny I don't even really use it
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that much I'm a first adopter it's just kind of interesting to try it out
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and maybe I might miss out on something if I don't use it what's the harm?
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So again I look back and I say this objection also is nonsense.
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In this case what it misses is what I think is a very important reality
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that we need to talk about more frankly which is that social media brings with it multiple well-documented significant harms.
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And we actually have to confront these harms head on
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when trying to make decisions about whether or not we embrace this technology and let it into our lives.
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So one of these harms that we know this technology brings has to do with your professional success.
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So I just argued before that the ability to focus intensely to produce things that are rare and valuable,
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to hone skills that the marketplace values,
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that this is what's going to matter in our economy.
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But right before that, I argued that social media tools are designed to be addictive.
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The actual design desired use case of these tools is
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that you fragment your attention as much as possible throughout your waking hours your waking hours.
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That's how these tools are designed to use.
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Well we have a growing amount of research which tells us
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that if you spend large portions of your day in a state of fragmented attention.
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So large portions of your day where you're constantly breaking up your attention,
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take a quick glance, do a just check,
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let me just quickly look at Instagram,
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that this can permanently reduce your capacity for concentration.
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In other words you could permanently reduce your capacity to do exactly the type of deep effort
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that we're finding to be more and more necessary in an increasingly competitive economy.
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So social media use is not harmless,
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it can actually have a significant negative impact on your ability to thrive in the economy.
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I am especially worried about this when we look at the younger generation coming up,
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which is the most saturated in this technology.
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If you lose your ability to sustain concentration,
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you're going to become less and less relevant to this economy.
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There's also psychological harms that are well documented that social media brings that we do need to address.
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So we know from the research literature that the more you use social media,
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the more likely you are to feel lonely or isolated.
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We know that the constant exposure to your friends carefully curated positive portrayals of their life
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can leave you to feel inadequate and can increase rates of depression.
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And something I think we're going to be hearing more about in the near future
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is that there's a fundamental mismatch between the way our brains are wired
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and this behavior of exposing yourself to stimuli with intermittent rewards throughout all of your waking hours.
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So it's one thing to spend a couple hours at the slot machine in Las Vegas
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but if you bring a slot machine with you and you pull
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that handle all day long from when you wake up to when you go to bed,
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we're not wired from it.
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It short circuits the brain and we're starting to find that it has actual cognitive consequences,
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one of them being the sort of pervasive background hum of anxiety.
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Now the canary in the coal mine for this issue is actually college campuses.
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If you talk to mental health experts on college campuses they'll tell you.
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Along with the rise of ubiquitous smartphone use
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and social media use among the students on the campus came an explosion of anxiety related disorders on those campuses.
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So that's the canary in the coal mine.
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This type of behavior is a mismatch for our brain wiring.
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It can make you feel miserable.
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So there's real cost to social media use,
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which means when you're trying to decide,
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should I use this or not,
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saying it's harmless is not enough.
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You actually have to identify a significantly positive,
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clear benefit that can outweigh these potential completely non-trivial harms.
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So people often ask, okay,
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but what is life like without social media?
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That can actually be a little bit scary to think about.
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What I found from people I know who have gone through this process,
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there can be a few weeks that are difficult.
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It actually is like a true detox process.
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The first two weeks can be uncomfortable.
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You feel a little bit anxious.
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You feel like you're missing a limb.
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But after that, things settle down and actually life after social media can be quite positive.
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There's two things I can report back to you from the world of no social media use.
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it can be quite productive.
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So I'm a professor at a research institution.
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I've written five books.
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I rarely work past 5 p.m on the weekday.
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Part of the way I'm able to pull that off is because it turns out if you treat your attention with respect,
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so you don't fragment it,
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you allow it to stay whole,
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you preserve your ability to concentrate,
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when it comes time to work you can actually do one thing after another and do it with intensity.
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And intensity can be traded for time.
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It's surprising how much you can get done in an eight-hour day
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if you're able to give each thing intense concentration after another.
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Something else I can report back from life without social media is that outside of work things can be quite peaceful.
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So I often joke I'd be very comfortable being a 1930s farmer
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because if you look at my leisure time I read newspaper while the Sun comes up.
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I listen to baseball on the radio.
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I honest to God sit in a leather chair and read hardcover books at night after my kids go to bed.
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It sounds old-fashioned but I'll tell you they were on to something back then.
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It's actually a restorative, very peaceful way to actually spend your time out of work.
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You don't have the constant hum of stimuli and the background hum of anxiety that comes along with that.
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So life without social media is really not so bad.
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So they pulled together these threads and you see my full argument for why I think not everyone,
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but certainly much more people than right now use social media.
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Much more people should not be using social media.
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And that's because we can first,
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to summarize, discard with the main concerns that somehow it's a fundamental technology you have to use.
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Nonsense.
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It's a slot machine in your phone.
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We can discard with this notion that you're not going to get a job if you don't use social media.
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Nonsense.
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Anything a 16 year old with a smartphone can do is not going to be what the market rewards.
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And then I emphasize the point that there's real harms with it.
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So it's not just harmless.
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You really would have to have a significant benefit before you would actually say this trade off is worth it.
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And finally I noted that life without social media,
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there's real positives associated with it.
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So I'm hoping that when many of you actually go through this same calculus,
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you'll at least consider the perspective I'm making right now,
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which is many more people would be much better off if they didn't use this technology.
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Now, of course, some of you might disagree,
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some of you might have scathing but accurate critiques of me and my points,
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and of course, I welcome all negative feedback.
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I just ask that you direct your comments towards Twitter.
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Thank you.
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背景与上下文
在这场TEDx演讲中，计算机科学家兼作家卡尔·纽波特分享了他有关社交媒体的看法。他在大学时第一次接触到社交媒体，但却选择不加入，并且认为自己在没有社交媒体的生活中过得更好。纽波特认为，如果能认识到社交媒体不过是娱乐产品而非生活必需品，我们可以更好地管理自己的时间和注意力，这也是这场演讲的核心。对很多人而言，社交媒体可能是现代生活的一部分，但纽波特却向我们展示了一种不同的生活方式。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 我怎么会没事呢？ - 这是纽波特对社交媒体的第一个反驳，他认为即使没有社交媒体，生活依然可以丰富多彩。
- 社交媒体不是基础技术。 - 纽波特将社交媒体视为一种娱乐产品，强调它并不具备根本性的重要性。
- 市场重视的是稀缺和有价值的东西。 - 只有那些具备深厚技能和创造力的工作才会被真正重视。
- 我可以单凭能力获得成功。 - 他强调成功的关键在于实际的技能，而不是在线的存在感。
- 拒绝社交媒体并不是一个激进的立场。 - 这只是一种选择娱乐方式的个人决定。
逐步跟读指南
要有效提升英语口语能力和理解力，不妨尝试以下步骤：
- 选择时间: 找一个安静的地方，每天安排15-30分钟来观看视频。
- 首次观看: 听完整个视频，先大致了解演讲者的观点和信息。
- 分段跟读: 将视频暂停，逐段听，然后模仿纽波特的发音与语调，重复每一句话。这种方式有助于提升你的发音准确度和流利度，适合用于雅思口语练习。
- 理解词汇: 在每段之后，记录下不懂的单词与短语，比如“注意力工程师”（attention engineer）和“稀缺价值”（rare and valuable），并查找其英文释义。
- 复述练习: 尝试用自己的话总结纽波特的核心观点，进行shadow speech的练习，帮助你巩固所学的内容。
通过这种方法，你可以提升你的英语表达能力，同时理解社交媒体在现代生活中的角色。多看YouTube学英语不仅可以提升语言能力，也能帮助你思考如何在信息社会中更明智地选择。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。