跟读练习: Stop Overcomplicating Studying - 通过视频学习英语口语
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This is just noise and you need to learn to drown it out
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because the more time you spend trying to find the perfect way to study the less time you actually spend studying.
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Today you're going to learn how you learn because it is a superpower.
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I feel somewhat qualified to explain this because I'm going into year 13
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and studying 4A levels at GCSE I got 10 Grade 9s, the highest mark in the world in maths, 100% in English literature, the highest mark in Europe in physics,
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the highest mark in Greece in biology and chemistry and I don't even I really think I'm going to go to physics.
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So, these tips, I think, work.
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My first question is, why do students in study tip videos even include long lists like this?
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Is it because they genuinely want to help, or because at some level they want to show off what they've achieved?
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Results like that have an opportunity cost, and I think that that does not fit quite neatly in the certificate that they come with.
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That being said, an impressive set of GCSEs can be important and is a very large part of your application to university.
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So, a study method is only actually useful that gets information into your brain,
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a in a form that you can understand well enough to then apply it to past paper questions, and b in a reasonably time efficient way.
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The obsession with optimising studying means that there is always somebody online claiming that the method that you are using is wrong.
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But the supposedly imperfect method, if it actually gets you studying, is about 100 times better than trying to find a perfect method and procrastinating actually studying.
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Flashcards, blurting, Feynman technique, AI tools,
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revision websites, and the approximately million study apps that exist are simply tools and not study systems.
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A hammer is useful, but you would be slightly concerned if somebody told you it was their entire architectural strategy.
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Each tool simply helps your brain perform a particular job.
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For example, flashcards help you memorize information.
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The Feynman technique exposes your true understanding of a concept, and blurting reveals exactly what you can remember without any of your notes.
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AI can explain concepts in simpler words than your textbooks
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and past papers will test you in the exact same format that the exam will.
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So the real question is not what is the perfect study method but when and how can I use these tools?
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I think that effective studying occurs in three stages.
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Understand, remember, apply.
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Step one is understand.
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Because you cannot revise something unless you fundamentally understand it.
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I am a self-proclaimed annoying student who asks a lot of questions
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and sometimes I might realise halfway through the question that what I'm asking has been answered 30 seconds ago by my teacher, but asking that question is much less embarrassing than pretending
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that I understand something for three months and then realising the night before my exam that I actually don't.
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The reason is that teachers know the course so use them.
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And for introverts you can use AI with prompts such as explain and then ask me questions rather than just saying explain.
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And always fact check information that it spits out.
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But I promise you that the most embarrassing question that you ask in your class, in front of your whole class, is the mistake that you will not make in the exam,
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purely because of how memorable it will be to you that you asked that question and got it wrong.
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Then you should produce some form of output.
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This includes, but is not limited to, closing your notes and writing down exactly what you understood, or writing your notes in your own words,
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or recording a video of yourself explaining what you just understood
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or a voice message or acting out what you've just learned
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or creating a mind map or explaining what you've learned to somebody else.
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Step two is remember.
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The forgetting curve here which I'm sure you've seen
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if you've watched about maybe five videos about how to study
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illustrates how information is forgotten unless it is retrieved from your
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brain frequently basically aka study influences favorite coin terms active recall and spaced repetition.
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I'm here to offer a different tip because I'm sure
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that we all know by now that this is how our brain works.
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If we don't constantly retrieve information then, well, we're going to forget it.
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The problem is that we have been taught to revise what we do know, but not to revise what exactly we don't know.
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Your mistakes in your past papers show you exactly what you don't remember, which is what is being forgotten every time this graph goes down.
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Because as you can see, it's not like the graph is going to zero.
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You still do remember a fundamental proportion of what you've studied you're just forgetting a couple of things
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and gradually over time your scores decrease.
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So, consistently practicing what you remember keeps your scores stagnant.
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Improvement actually comes from figuring out why you got certain questions wrong.
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My solution to this was keeping a word document or a notebook
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if you're a pen to paper kind of person with all of my mistakes.
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Essentially a personal textbook of everything that I got wrong whenever I was doing past papers, whenever I was answering questions in class that I got wrong, etc. You get the point.
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In this document you can have it for two reasons.
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First of all, in math you can take a screenshot of the past paper question that you got wrong, paste in the word document,
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on the next page paste the mark scheme answer and leave yourself space to answer the question.
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Next to the question I would write myself margin notes.
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So for example, remember to, I don't know, factorise or remember to not do whatever it is here based on the mistake that I made.
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These margin notes I explicitly wrote with very large fonts and ridiculous colours because the more colourful the margin notes were, the more likely I was to remember them.
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I know it sounds ridiculous, but trust me, it works.
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You will remember the mistakes that you have made.
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The reason that you can put the mark seam on the next page is that the night before your exam, and this works particularly well for subjects like maths or physics, where there's a lot of,
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like, problem-solving questions and there's not as much essay writing, is that you can then go through and print your mistake word document
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and then just resolve every single question that you've done wrong.
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This bit you're not looking at a mistake document
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that is the question that you got wrong
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and the answer right underneath it because that's not really going to help you in the exam, is it?
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Because in the exam you're not going to have the answer in front of you.
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But if you can solve the questions again, you've proven to yourself that now you actually know how to do them.
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I want to say that facing your mistakes is very uncomfortable
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and this was one of my least favorite things to do when I was studying.
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I would always procrastinate reviewing my mistakes because it is very boring and it takes a very long time.
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But trust me, if you are spending as much time on doing the past
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paper as you are reviewing the past paper then you are doing something right
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and that discomfort is the difference between revising and actually learning and improving your scores.
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Step three apply you may have heard of the word neuroplasticity usually in a youtube video with extremely dramatic music
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and a brain that is glowing pink and green.
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Essentially your brain in simple terms gets better at recognizing information and using it the more often you retrieve and apply it.
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This happens through strengthening and forming neural connections.
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This is what neuroplasticity is.
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Past papers are the clearest example and the best way
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that you can apply your knowledge after you've studied
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because they replicate the exact environment that you're going to be tested in during your exam.
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At first every question feels unfamiliar and painfully slow to answer.
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However with practice you begin answering questions before you have even finished reading them, particularly in subjects that have a lot of repeated questions.
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And this doesn't happen because papers get easier but
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because your brain builds these neural connections for recognizing the question patterns that are asked and retrieving the information that's required.
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So instead of searching through all of the knowledge
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that you've learned to find the correct answer you can immediately
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recognize what it is based on your past experience with of doing similar questions.
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Understand, remember, apply, then start for goodness sake.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Stop Overcomplicating Studying”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：paper, mistake, study, exam, studying。 这段视频共有 97 个句子、1489 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:37。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 195 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| revise 动词 | /ɹɪˈvaɪz/ | 修改 |
| retrieve 动词 | /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/ | 重拾 |
| mathematics 名词 | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | 數學 /数学, 算學 /算学 |
| blurt 动词 | /ˈblɝt/ | 脫口而出 /脱口而出, 走嘴 |
| embarrass 动词 | /ɪmˈbæɹəs/ | 使…尷尬 /使…尴尬, 使…困窘 |
| flashcard 名词 | /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/ | 抽認卡 /抽认卡, 閃卡 /闪卡 |
| neuroplasticity 名词 | 神經可塑性 /神经可塑性 | |
| procrastinate 动词 | /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/ | 耽擱 /耽搁, 拖延 |
| textbook 名词 | /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ | 課本 /课本, 教科書 /教科书 |
| pasta 名词 | /ˈpɑ.stə/ | мянфан, 意大利麵 /意大利面 |
| graph 名词 | /ɡɹæf/ | 圖表 /图表 |
| memorize 动词 | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | 記住 /记住, 熟記 /熟记 |
| proclaim 动词 | /pɹəʊˈkleɪm/ | 宣布 |
| repetition 名词 | /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ | 重複 /重复 |
| stagnant 形容词 | /ˈstæɡnənt/ | 停滯的 /停滞的 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| figure out 动词 | 弄清楚 |
| go down 动词 | 下降, 下去 |
| go through 动词 | 通過 /通过 |
| show off 动词 | 炫耀, 賣弄 /卖弄 |
| write down 动词 | 寫下來 /写下来, 寫下 /写下 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | they've achieved · has been answered · you've just learned |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | being said · has been answered · is forgotten |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | student who asks · remember, which is |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 30 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you've, don't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, screenshot /ˈskriːn.ʃɑt/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, procrastinate /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪli.ə(ɹ)/, supposedly /səˈpoʊ̯.zɪd.li/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: revise /ɹɪˈvaɪz/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, introvert /ˈɪn.tɹə.vɝt/, revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, curve /kɚv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: revise /ɹɪˈvaɪz/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, blurt /ˈblɝt/, embarrass /ɪmˈbæɹəs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, neural /ˈnʊɹəl/, proclaim /pɹəʊˈkleɪm/, replicate /ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/, unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪli.ə(ɹ)/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 revise, retrieve, mathematics 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。