跟读练习: The First Amendment Explained | Quick Learner - 通过视频学习英语口语
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7 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
The First Amendment protects freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
第一修正案保护言论、新闻、宗教、集会以及请愿的自由。
2
This sounds straightforward, but the First Amendment is still the subject of continuing interpretation and dispute. So let’s look at the freedom of speech, which gives Americans the right to express themselves without fear of government interference. There are a number of categories of unprotected speech, including obscenity, true threats, incitement to imminent lawless action, and defamation. But deciding what speech falls within these categories is difficult.
这听起来很简单，但《第一修正案》至今仍是不断被解读和引发争议的议题。接下来我们来看言论自由，它赋予美国人在不受政府干预威胁的情况下表达自身观点的权利。有若干类不受保护的言论，包括淫秽内容、真实威胁、煽动即刻发生的非法行为以及诽谤。但要判定哪些言论属于这些类别却十分困难。
3
In reaching these determinations, courts often look at speech on a case-by-case basis and consider the context in which the speech was made. For instance, political speech — support or opposition of political figures, parties, and/or policies — enjoys stronger First Amendment protection. If speech is political in nature, no matter how outrageous and offensive it might be, it may still be protected by the First Amendment. So yeah, this gets complicated.
在作出这些认定时，法院通常会逐案审查相关言论，并考量该言论发表的背景。例如，政治言论——即对政治人物、政党及/或政策的支持或反对——享有第一修正案更有力的保护。如果言论属于政治性质，那么无论它多么离谱、冒犯，仍可能受到第一修正案的保护。所以说，这事儿确实挺复杂的。
4
The First Amendment protects you from government punishment for what you say in most instances. However, the First Amendment is not unlimited. It protects you from government action, not the action of private organizations or people. Unless you’re employed by the government, complaining about your boss could get you fired. Similarly since social media websites are for the most part private entities, they’re the only ones who can police posts on their respective sites.
第一修正案在大多数情况下会保护你，使你不会因为自己的言论受到政府的惩罚。但第一修正案的保护并非没有边界。它约束的是政府行为，而非私人组织或个人的行为。除非你受雇于政府，否则抱怨老板可能会让你被解雇。同样，由于社交媒体网站大多属于私人实体，只有它们有权管理各自平台上的帖子。
5
Similar to freedom of speech, freedom of the press allows people to express themselves through publication. This important freedom enables our journalists and reporters to freely report news and stories of public interest. But this also comes with some limitations. For instance, defamatory statements are not protected. Again, though, what constitutes defamation also requires a fact-intensive investigation. In addition, the First Amendment protects our right to peacefully assemble or gather together as a group for like-minded social, economics, political or religious purposes. The First Amendment also protects our right to protest the government.
与言论自由类似，新闻自由允许人们通过出版物表达自身观点。这项重要的自由使我们的记者能够自由报道涉及公共利益的新闻和事件。但这项自由也存在一定限制。例如，诽谤性言论不受保护。不过同样，界定何种行为构成诽谤也需要进行大量事实核查。此外，第一修正案保护我们为了共同的社会、经济、政治或宗教目的和平集会或聚集的权利。第一修正案还保护我们抗议政府的权利。
6
We are free to sign petitions or even file a lawsuit against the government as well.
我们也可以自由签署请愿书，甚至对政府提起诉讼。
7
And lastly, in guaranteeing the freedom of religion, the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing a “state” religion or from favoring one religion over another.
最后，在保障宗教信仰自由方面，第一修正案禁止政府确立“国教”，也禁止政府偏向某一种宗教而排斥其他宗教。
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“The First Amendment Explained”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：Amendment, speech, freedom, protects, religion。 这段视频共有 7 个句子、363 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:46。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 131 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 14 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| defamation 名词 | /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ | 誹謗 /诽谤, 毀謗 /毁谤 |
| incitement 名词 | /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/ | 煽動 /煽动 |
| lawless 形容词 | /ˈlɔːləs/ | 不受法律管轄的 /不受法律管辖的, 無法統制的 /无法统制的 |
| obscenity 名词 | 淫穢 /淫秽, 猥褻 /猥亵 | |
| prohibit 动词 | /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/ | 禁止, 阻止 |
| assemble 动词 | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | 收集, 組合 /组合 |
| imminent 形容词 | /ˈɪmɪnənt/ | 即將來臨 /即将来临 |
| limitation 名词 | /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ | 限制 |
| outrageous 形容词 | /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/ | 不像話 /不像话 |
| straightforward 形容词 | /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/ | 簡單 /简单 |
| constitute 动词 | /ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/ | 組成 /组成, 构成 |
| employ 动词 | /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ | 雇傭, 雇 |
| interference 名词 | /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/ | 阻礙 /阻碍, 干涉 |
| lawsuit 名词 | /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ | 訴訟 /诉讼, 官司 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | was made · are not protected |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | ones who can |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, defamatory /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, interference /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: incitement /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/, lawless /ˈlɔːləs/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/, imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/, outrageous /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: defamatory /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/, lastly /ˈlæstli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 defamation, incitement, lawless 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。