ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The First Amendment Explained | Quick Learner

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1
The First Amendment protects freedoms of  speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
2
This sounds straightforward, but the First  Amendment is still the subject of continuing interpretation and dispute. So let’s look at  the freedom of speech, which gives Americans the right to express themselves without fear  of government interference. There are a number of categories of unprotected speech, including  obscenity, true threats, incitement to imminent lawless action, and defamation. But deciding what  speech falls within these categories is difficult.
3
In reaching these determinations, courts  often look at speech on a case-by-case basis and consider the context in which the speech was  made. For instance, political speech — support or opposition of political figures, parties,  and/or policies — enjoys stronger First Amendment protection. If speech is political in nature, no  matter how outrageous and offensive it might be, it may still be protected by the First  Amendment. So yeah, this gets complicated.
4
The First Amendment protects you from  government punishment for what you say in most instances. However, the First Amendment  is not unlimited. It protects you from government action, not the action of private organizations or  people. Unless you’re employed by the government, complaining about your boss could get you fired.  Similarly since social media websites are for the most part private entities, they’re the only ones  who can police posts on their respective sites.
5
Similar to freedom of speech, freedom of the  press allows people to express themselves through publication. This important freedom enables  our journalists and reporters to freely report news and stories of public interest. But this  also comes with some limitations. For instance, defamatory statements are not protected. Again,  though, what constitutes defamation also requires a fact-intensive investigation. In addition, the  First Amendment protects our right to peacefully assemble or gather together as a group for  like-minded social, economics, political or religious purposes. The First Amendment also  protects our right to protest the government.
6
We are free to sign petitions or even file  a lawsuit against the government as well.
7
And lastly, in guaranteeing the freedom of  religion, the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing a “state” religion  or from favoring one religion over another.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “The First Amendment Explained”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: Amendment, speech, freedom, protects, religion. This video has 7 sentences and 363 words to shadow. The speech runs for 2:46. The speaker talks at a steady 131 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 79% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

WordPronunciationMeaning
defamation noun/ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.
defamatory adjective/dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/Damaging to someone's reputation, especially if untrue.
incitement noun/ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/A call to act; encouragement to act, often in an illegal way.
lawless adjective/ˈlɔːləs/Not governed by any law.
obscenity nounSomething that is obscene.
unprotected adjectiveNot protected; lacking defence or protection; exposed.
prohibit verb/pɹəˈhɪbɪt/To forbid, disallow, or proscribe officially; to make illegal or illicit.
peacefully adverb/ˈpiːsfəli/In a peaceful manner.
assemble verb/əˈsɛm.bəl/To put together.
imminent adjective/ˈɪmɪnənt/About to happen, occur, or take place very soon, especially of something which won't last long.
lastly adverb/ˈlæstli/Used to mark the beginning of the last in a list of items or propositions.
limitation noun/lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/The act of limiting or the state of being limited.
outrageous adjective/aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/Violating morality or decency; provoking indignation or affront.
straightforward adjective/ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating.
constitute verb/ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/To set up; to establish; to enact.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้างในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำwas made · is not unlimited · are not protected
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของones who can

Pronunciation to watch

  • The “sh” and “zh” sounds: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
  • Long words — get the stress right: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, defamatory /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, interference /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/

How to practise with this video

  1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
  2. Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
  3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like defamation, defamatory, incitement.

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Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

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