跟讀練習: The First Amendment Explained | Quick Learner - 通過影片學習英語口語
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7 句
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1
The First Amendment protects freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
第一修正案保護言論、新聞、宗教、集會以及請願的自由。
2
This sounds straightforward, but the First Amendment is still the subject of continuing interpretation and dispute. So let’s look at the freedom of speech, which gives Americans the right to express themselves without fear of government interference. There are a number of categories of unprotected speech, including obscenity, true threats, incitement to imminent lawless action, and defamation. But deciding what speech falls within these categories is difficult.
這聽起來很簡單，但《第一修正案》至今仍是不斷被解讀和引發爭議的議題。接下來我們來看言論自由，它賦予美國人在不受政府幹預威脅的情況下表達自身觀點的權利。有若干類不受保護的言論，包括淫穢內容、真實威脅、煽動即刻發生的非法行為以及誹謗。但要判定哪些言論屬於這些類別卻十分困難。
3
In reaching these determinations, courts often look at speech on a case-by-case basis and consider the context in which the speech was made. For instance, political speech — support or opposition of political figures, parties, and/or policies — enjoys stronger First Amendment protection. If speech is political in nature, no matter how outrageous and offensive it might be, it may still be protected by the First Amendment. So yeah, this gets complicated.
在作出這些認定時，法院通常會逐案審查相關言論，並考量該言論發表的背景。例如，政治言論——即對政治人物、政黨及/或政策的支援或反對——享有第一修正案更有力的保護。如果言論屬於政治性質，那麼無論它多麼離譜、冒犯，仍可能受到第一修正案的保護。所以說，這事兒確實挺複雜的。
4
The First Amendment protects you from government punishment for what you say in most instances. However, the First Amendment is not unlimited. It protects you from government action, not the action of private organizations or people. Unless you’re employed by the government, complaining about your boss could get you fired. Similarly since social media websites are for the most part private entities, they’re the only ones who can police posts on their respective sites.
第一修正案在大多數情況下會保護你，使你不會因為自己的言論受到政府的懲罰。但第一修正案的保護並非沒有邊界。它約束的是政府行為，而非私人組織或個人的行為。除非你受僱於政府，否則抱怨老闆可能會讓你被解僱。同樣，由於社交媒體網站大多屬於私人實體，只有它們有權管理各自平臺上的帖子。
5
Similar to freedom of speech, freedom of the press allows people to express themselves through publication. This important freedom enables our journalists and reporters to freely report news and stories of public interest. But this also comes with some limitations. For instance, defamatory statements are not protected. Again, though, what constitutes defamation also requires a fact-intensive investigation. In addition, the First Amendment protects our right to peacefully assemble or gather together as a group for like-minded social, economics, political or religious purposes. The First Amendment also protects our right to protest the government.
與言論自由類似，新聞自由允許人們通過出版物表達自身觀點。這項重要的自由使我們的記者能夠自由報道涉及公共利益的新聞和事件。但這項自由也存在一定限制。例如，誹謗性言論不受保護。不過同樣，界定何種行為構成誹謗也需要進行大量事實核查。此外，第一修正案保護我們為了共同的社會、經濟、政治或宗教目的和平集會或聚集的權利。第一修正案還保護我們抗議政府的權利。
6
We are free to sign petitions or even file a lawsuit against the government as well.
我們也可以自由簽署請願書，甚至對政府提起訴訟。
7
And lastly, in guaranteeing the freedom of religion, the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing a “state” religion or from favoring one religion over another.
最後，在保障宗教信仰自由方面，第一修正案禁止政府確立“國教”，也禁止政府偏向某一種宗教而排斥其他宗教。
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“The First Amendment Explained”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：Amendment, speech, freedom, protects, religion。 這段影片共有 7 個句子、363 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 2:46。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 131 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 14 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| defamation 名詞 | /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ | 誹謗 /誹謗, 毀謗 /毀謗 |
| incitement 名詞 | /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/ | 煽動 /煽動 |
| lawless 形容詞 | /ˈlɔːləs/ | 不受法律管轄的 /不受法律管轄的, 無法統制的 /無法統制的 |
| obscenity 名詞 | 淫穢 /淫穢, 猥褻 /猥褻 | |
| prohibit 動詞 | /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/ | 禁止, 阻止 |
| assemble 動詞 | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | 收集, 組合 /組合 |
| imminent 形容詞 | /ˈɪmɪnənt/ | 即將來臨 /即將來臨 |
| limitation 名詞 | /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ | 限制 |
| outrageous 形容詞 | /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/ | 不像話 /不像話 |
| straightforward 形容詞 | /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/ | 簡單 /簡單 |
| constitute 動詞 | /ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/ | 組成 /組成, 構成 |
| employ 動詞 | /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ | 僱傭, 僱 |
| interference 名詞 | /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/ | 阻礙 /阻礙, 干涉 |
| lawsuit 名詞 | /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ | 訴訟 /訴訟, 官司 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was made · are not protected |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | ones who can |
需要注意的發音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/, defamatory /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, interference /ˌɪntəɹˈfɪɹɪns/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: incitement /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/, lawless /ˈlɔːləs/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/, imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/, outrageous /aʊtˈɹeɪ.d͡ʒəs/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: defamatory /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/, lastly /ˈlæstli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 defamation, incitement, lawless 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。