跟讀練習: How to Debate (Ep 04) - 通過影片學習英語口語
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65 句
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Hey everyone, Framework Freddy here.
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Today I'm going to train you on how to frame the debate.
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What do framing and framework mean?
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Think of a picture frame.
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A picture frame sets the limits of what we see.
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Some things are outside the frame and some things are inside the frame.
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Every debate needs a framework.
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The framework tells the audience precisely what the debate is about, precisely what we need to prove, and precisely what we need to defend in the debate.
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In framing the debate, there are three steps that we need to follow.
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Step 1: Define the key terms of the topic.
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Step 2: Tell the audience precisely what you defend.
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Step 3: Tell the audience precisely what the other team needs to defend.
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Let's look at the example.
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Imagine our topic is "Mobile phones should be banned in schools."
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The first step in framing the debate is to define the key terms.
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In this topic, there are three key terms that we need to explain.
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Mobile phones, band, and schools.
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First, mobile phones.
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I think everyone has a clear idea of what mobile phones are, but it is good to provide a basic definition.
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Mobile phones refer to smartphone devices like iPhones.
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These are devices that allow students to make phone calls, chat, access the internet, and use apps.
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Second, what does it mean to ban mobile phones?
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Banning could mean two things.
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It could mean that the students cannot bring a mobile phone to school, or it could mean that students can bring a mobile phone to school, but they cannot use a mobile phone in school.
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There is no one correct answer to this question.
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Your team must make this choice before the debate.
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Third, what do we mean by "schools"?
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It helps to clearly define what a school is and what is the purpose of a school.
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Schools are places where students go every day to learn.
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The main goal of a school is to give students the knowledge and skills that help them in their life.
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We have defined the key terms.
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Now we move on to step two.
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We tell the audience exactly what we defend.
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We might say, "Ladies and gentlemen, we will defend that students should not be allowed to bring mobile phones to school." If they do bring them to school,
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the teacher will immediately take them away and punish the student.
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We are not saying that phones are always bad, we are just saying that they should not be in school.
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Here, we have explained what happens if students bring phones to school.
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Punishment.
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We've also made it clear that this debate is focused on schools, not just whether mobile phones are good or bad overall.
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Now moving on to step three: what does the opposing team need to prove?
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We might say: "Our opponents must prove that students will learn more
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if they have mobile phones in school than if they do not have mobile phones.
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After all, the purpose of school is learning." Once you have completed the three steps, you can move on to delivering your arguments.
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Now, Let's look at a full example of a speaker setting up and framing the debate.
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Ladies and gentlemen, before I deliver our team's arguments, it is necessary to frame today's debate.
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What are mobile phones?
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Mobile phones refer to smartphone devices like iPhones.
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These are devices that allow students to make phone calls, chat, access the internet, and use apps.
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Banning means that students are not allowed to bring mobile phones to school.
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Schools are places where students go to learn every day.
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The main goal of a school is to give students the knowledge and skills that help them in their life.
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So What do we defend in today's debate, ladies and gentlemen?
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We will argue that students should not be allowed to bring mobile phones to school.
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If they do bring them to school, the teacher will immediately take them away and punish the student.
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We are not saying that phones are always harmful.
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We are just saying that they should not be in school.
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Our opponents must prove that the students will learn more
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if they have mobile phones in school than if they do not have mobile phones.
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After all, the purpose of school is not is learning.
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Now that we have defined today's debate, we will move on to our main arguments.
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There you have it.
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That is how to frame a debate.
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Be sure to follow these three steps in framing the debate.
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This way, your team, your opponents, and the audience will know what to expect in the debate.
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Good luck!
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關於本課
在本節課中，您將學習如何有效地進行辯論。通過定義關鍵術語、清晰表述自己的立場及瞭解反方需要證明的內容，您將掌握辯論的框架。我們將以“手機在學校應該被禁止”為例，幫助您理解辯論的結構和要點。通過本課程，您不僅可以提升英語口語能力，還能增強邏輯思維能力。
關鍵詞彙與短語
- 辯論框架 - 設定辯論的界限，明確討論的主題。
- 手機 - 智慧手機，如iPhone，能夠打電話、聊天、上網和使用應用程式。
- 禁止 - 意味著學生不能帶手機到學校，或者可以帶但不能使用。
- 學校 - 學生學習的場所，旨在提升學生的知識和技能。
- 論點 - 在辯論中，您需要明確自己支援的立場。
- 對方團隊 - 您在辯論中需要反駁的另一方。
練習技巧
為了提高您的英語發音與口語流利度，我們建議您使用shadow speak（影子跟讀）的方法來練習。觀看影片時，注意說話者的語速和語調，儘量模仿。在這個過程中，您可以跟隨錄音進行英語口語練習，同時專注於發音的準確性。以下是一些具體的練習建議：
- 在影片中暫停，重複說話者的每一句話，確保您的發音與語調相符。
- 嘗試在不同速度下進行練習，剛開始可以慢速，逐漸提高到正常語速。
- 注意呼吸和停頓，學習自然的語言節奏，這會有助於提升您的口語流利度。
- 利用shadowspeak進行反覆練習，直到您能毫不費力地表達這些觀點。
通過這種方式，您將不僅能提高英語發音，還能在辯論中更自信地表達自己的觀點。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have defined · have explained · We've also made |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | should be banned · should not be allowed · are not allowed |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。