跟讀練習: How to Build an Argument with Argument Alice (Ep 01) - 通過影片學習英語口語
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106 句
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Hello everybody, Dr. David here.
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We will begin your debate training today with the most crucial thing in a debate: making an argument.
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To guide you through the first step of your training, I will introduce Argument Alice.
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Alice's superpower is making arguments.
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She'll show you how to do it.
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Good luck.
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Hello everyone, my name is Argument Alice and my goal is to train you all how to be expert argument builders.
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What is an argument exactly?
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An argument has three main building blocks.
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Building an argument is like building a house.
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A house needs a floor or foundation, walls, and a roof.
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We can't build a house without a roof, without a floor or walls.
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Similarly, we can't build an argument without claims, reasoning, or evidence.
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We can remember this with the letters CRE.
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These are the pieces of our arguments.
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We begin with a claim.
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We support the claim with reasoning and we prove our claim with evidence and examples.
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First, let's look at what a claim is.
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A claim is an assertion.
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It is one single sentence that states our point.
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A claim is different from a fact.
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A fact is not something we can debate about, but a claim is something debatable.
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We have to try to prove that it is true.
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Let's look at the difference between a fact and a claim.
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Here is a fact.
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2 plus 2 equals 4.
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We can't debate this.
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Here is a claim.
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Most students love to take math classes.
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This claim is something we can debate.
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So the first step of any argument is making a clear claim.
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Second, we need to follow our claim with reasoning.
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Reasons explain our point.
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Reasons are simply the explanation for why our claims are valid.
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To deliver reasons, we just need to ask ourselves: Why?
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Why is this true?
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How does this work?
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Sometimes our claims seem obvious, and it looks like we don't need to explain.
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In the debate, however, we need to explain as much as we can.
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Third and finally, to complete our argument, we need evidence.
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Evidence is what proves our claim is valid and convinces the audience that it is true.
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Evidence can be statements from experts, research reports, or articles, or specific examples.
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We can find evidence from articles, books, videos, podcasts, and other sources of information.
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We can also provide examples from our everyday life and experiences.
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What is important is that we have specific evidence and examples to complete our arguments.
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So, in summary, arguments have three main components: Claim,
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state our point, Explain our point.
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Evidence: Prove our point.
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Now, let's look at an example of what this looks like in a real debate.
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If our debate topic is, kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones.
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There are several possible claims we can make to support the topic.
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One claim we could make is that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes.
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If we want to provide reasons for the claim that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes, we need to ask ourselves: why is this true?
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Let's come up with as many reasons as we can why it is true.
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Reason 1: Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Reason 2: Most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Reason 3: Sometimes use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they are busy.
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This means kids can look at their mobile phones all day, which is bad for their eyes.
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So these reasons explain why phones are harmful to kids
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and why it is difficult for kids to stop looking at their phones
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and why parents and teachers cannot easily control the phones.
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Now our argument is taking shape.
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There is only one more thing we need: evidence.
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How do we know that these arguments are true?
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Is there any evidence or examples we can provide that prove our claim is true?
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We can find evidence and examples from articles, books, podcasts, and videos.
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I read an article from a newspaper called the Washington Post from August 2018, and I found this evidence.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes, leading to macular degeneration.
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There are a lot of important words here we would need to define.
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Overall, however, this provides us good evidence for our reasoning about blue light and its impact on our eyes.
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So, let's look at what the full argument with claims, reasoning, and evidence would look like in a speech.
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not be allowed to have mobile phones is.
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Mobile phones are bad for kids eyes.
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Now, let me explain the reasons why this is true.
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First of all, Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Secondly, most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Third.
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Sometimes parents and teachers cannot control the mobile phone use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they're busy.
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This means that kids can look at their mobile phones all day which is bad for their eyes.
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Now, let me introduce some evidence to support this claim.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets, and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes leading to macular degeneration.
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So, Ladies and gentlemen, we believe that kids should not have mobile phones because they are too harmful to kids eyes.
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Now, we have learned how to build an argument.
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We have learned what a claim, reasoning, and evidence are.
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We have seen an example in a debate.
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Now, you can work with your teammates to build arguments for your debates.
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Good luck!
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I'm going to go to the next one you you
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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？
在學習英語的過程中，通過影片練習口語是一種有效的方式。通過觀看這段關於如何構建論點的影片，您不僅可以學習到辯論技巧，還有助於提高英語表達能力。每個論點的構建包括明確的主張、合理的解釋和有力的證據，這些都是提高英語發音和口語流利度的重要因素。特別是結合shadow speech（影子講話）技巧，您能更好地模仿發音，增強口音，提升您的自信心。
語法與表達的上下文
在影片中，演講者使用了幾個關鍵的句子結構和表達方式，幫助我們理解如何構建有效的論點：
- 陳述主張：演講者強調了“一個論點由三個主要組成部分構成”，這顯示了使用結構化表達的重要性。
- 使用理由：例句“我們需要問自己：為什麼？”展示了通過提問來深化論點的方法。這對雅思口語練習尤為重要。
- 證據支援：提到“我們可以從文章、書籍、影片等地方尋找證據”，說明了多樣化資源對增強論據說服力的貢獻。
這些表達方式不僅適用於辯論場合，也可以在日常交流中使用，幫助提升語言的靈活性和有效性。
常見的發音陷阱
在這段影片中，某些詞彙的發音可能對學習者構成挑戰。例如“argument”（論點）和“evidence”（證據）的發音較為複雜，容易造成混淆。建議學習者在練習時使用提高英語發音的方法，例如鏡前練習或模仿影片中的發音。此外，對於具有特定口音的演講者，看YouTube學英語時要注意音調與重音的變化，以避免形成語音上的誤差。
通過以上的實踐，您將能夠更有效地增強自己的口語能力，進一步掌握在不同場合構建清晰有效論點的技巧。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have found · have learned · have seen |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | should not be allowed · be allowed |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | day, which is · day which is |
| 動詞 + -ing enjoy、keep、stop… + -ing — 後接 -ing 形式的動詞 | stop looking · stop watching |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。