Prática de Shadowing: How to Build an Argument with Argument Alice (Ep 01) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Hello everybody, Dr. David here.
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We will begin your debate training today with the most crucial thing in a debate: making an argument.
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To guide you through the first step of your training, I will introduce Argument Alice.
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Alice's superpower is making arguments.
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She'll show you how to do it.
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Good luck.
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Hello everyone, my name is Argument Alice and my goal is to train you all how to be expert argument builders.
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What is an argument exactly?
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An argument has three main building blocks.
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Building an argument is like building a house.
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A house needs a floor or foundation, walls, and a roof.
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We can't build a house without a roof, without a floor or walls.
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Similarly, we can't build an argument without claims, reasoning, or evidence.
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We can remember this with the letters CRE.
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These are the pieces of our arguments.
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We begin with a claim.
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We support the claim with reasoning and we prove our claim with evidence and examples.
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First, let's look at what a claim is.
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A claim is an assertion.
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It is one single sentence that states our point.
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A claim is different from a fact.
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A fact is not something we can debate about, but a claim is something debatable.
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We have to try to prove that it is true.
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Let's look at the difference between a fact and a claim.
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Here is a fact.
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2 plus 2 equals 4.
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We can't debate this.
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Here is a claim.
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Most students love to take math classes.
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This claim is something we can debate.
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So the first step of any argument is making a clear claim.
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Second, we need to follow our claim with reasoning.
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Reasons explain our point.
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Reasons are simply the explanation for why our claims are valid.
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To deliver reasons, we just need to ask ourselves: Why?
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Why is this true?
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How does this work?
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Sometimes our claims seem obvious, and it looks like we don't need to explain.
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In the debate, however, we need to explain as much as we can.
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Third and finally, to complete our argument, we need evidence.
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Evidence is what proves our claim is valid and convinces the audience that it is true.
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Evidence can be statements from experts, research reports, or articles, or specific examples.
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We can find evidence from articles, books, videos, podcasts, and other sources of information.
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We can also provide examples from our everyday life and experiences.
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What is important is that we have specific evidence and examples to complete our arguments.
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So, in summary, arguments have three main components: Claim,
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state our point, Explain our point.
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Evidence: Prove our point.
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Now, let's look at an example of what this looks like in a real debate.
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If our debate topic is, kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones.
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There are several possible claims we can make to support the topic.
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One claim we could make is that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes.
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If we want to provide reasons for the claim that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes, we need to ask ourselves: why is this true?
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Let's come up with as many reasons as we can why it is true.
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Reason 1: Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Reason 2: Most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Reason 3: Sometimes use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they are busy.
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This means kids can look at their mobile phones all day, which is bad for their eyes.
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So these reasons explain why phones are harmful to kids
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and why it is difficult for kids to stop looking at their phones
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and why parents and teachers cannot easily control the phones.
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Now our argument is taking shape.
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There is only one more thing we need: evidence.
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How do we know that these arguments are true?
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Is there any evidence or examples we can provide that prove our claim is true?
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We can find evidence and examples from articles, books, podcasts, and videos.
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I read an article from a newspaper called the Washington Post from August 2018, and I found this evidence.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes, leading to macular degeneration.
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There are a lot of important words here we would need to define.
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Overall, however, this provides us good evidence for our reasoning about blue light and its impact on our eyes.
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So, let's look at what the full argument with claims, reasoning, and evidence would look like in a speech.
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not be allowed to have mobile phones is.
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Mobile phones are bad for kids eyes.
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Now, let me explain the reasons why this is true.
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First of all, Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Secondly, most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Third.
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Sometimes parents and teachers cannot control the mobile phone use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they're busy.
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This means that kids can look at their mobile phones all day which is bad for their eyes.
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Now, let me introduce some evidence to support this claim.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets, and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes leading to macular degeneration.
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So, Ladies and gentlemen, we believe that kids should not have mobile phones because they are too harmful to kids eyes.
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Now, we have learned how to build an argument.
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We have learned what a claim, reasoning, and evidence are.
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We have seen an example in a debate.
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Now, you can work with your teammates to build arguments for your debates.
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Good luck!
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I'm going to go to the next one you you

Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?

Praticar a conversação em inglês é essencial para construir confiança e fluência na língua. Este vídeo, que introduz o conceito de Argumento Alice, é uma excelente oportunidade para aprender a estruturar argumentos de forma clara e eficaz. Ao se envolver com o conteúdo, você não só aprimora sua habilidade de argumentação, mas também se expõe a vocabulário novo e expressões úteis dentro de um contexto de debate, que é muito frequente nas conversas do dia a dia. A prática de conversação em inglês, combinada com técnicas de shadowing, como as apresentadas neste vídeo, pode melhorar drasticamente sua pronúncia e entonação.

Gramática & Expressões em Contexto

O vídeo possui várias estruturas e expressões que são valiosas para quem deseja aprimorar suas habilidades em inglês. Vamos analisar algumas delas:

  • “A claim is an assertion.” – Aqui, a definição de “claim” (afirmação) introduz o conceito fundamental que será explorado no debate.
  • “Reasons explain our point.” – A frase destaca a importância de dar suporte às suas afirmações, um aspecto crucial na prática de conversação em inglês.
  • “Evidence can be statements from experts.” – A referência à evidência mostra como incluir elementos concretos nas suas falas pode fortalecer seu argumento.
  • “We need to explain as much as we can.” – Essa expressão enfatiza a importância da clareza e da explicação em qualquer debate, o que é essencial ao falarmos em inglês.

Traps de Pronúncia Comuns

Embora o vídeo forneça uma excelente base de conteúdo, atenção especial deve ser dada à pronúncia de algumas palavras e expressões que podem ser desafiadoras:

  • “Argument.” - Esta palavra pode ser complicada devido ao som da letra “g”, que deve ser pronunciado com cuidado para evitar confusão com a palavra “argumento” em português.
  • “Evidence.” - O som da letra “v” é um ponto que pode causar estranhamente em falantes de português, que devem praticar a pronúncia correta.
  • “Assertions.” - O “tions” no final pode ser uma armadilha de pronúncia; a prática de shadow speech com esta palavra pode ajudar a dominá-la.

Utilizar técnicas de shadowing, como ouvir e repetir em voz alta as falas do vídeo, ajudará a corrigir e aperfeiçoar essas pronúncias desafiadoras. Praticar com um shadow site ou shadowspeaks é uma ótima maneira de implementar essa técnica.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.