Shadowing Practice: How to Build an Argument with Argument Alice (Ep 01) - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
106 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Hello everybody, Dr. David here.
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We will begin your debate training today with the most crucial thing in a debate: making an argument.
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To guide you through the first step of your training, I will introduce Argument Alice.
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Alice's superpower is making arguments.
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She'll show you how to do it.
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Good luck.
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Hello everyone, my name is Argument Alice and my goal is to train you all how to be expert argument builders.
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What is an argument exactly?
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An argument has three main building blocks.
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Building an argument is like building a house.
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A house needs a floor or foundation, walls, and a roof.
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We can't build a house without a roof, without a floor or walls.
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Similarly, we can't build an argument without claims, reasoning, or evidence.
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We can remember this with the letters CRE.
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These are the pieces of our arguments.
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We begin with a claim.
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We support the claim with reasoning and we prove our claim with evidence and examples.
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First, let's look at what a claim is.
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A claim is an assertion.
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It is one single sentence that states our point.
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A claim is different from a fact.
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A fact is not something we can debate about, but a claim is something debatable.
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We have to try to prove that it is true.
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Let's look at the difference between a fact and a claim.
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Here is a fact.
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2 plus 2 equals 4.
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We can't debate this.
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Here is a claim.
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Most students love to take math classes.
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This claim is something we can debate.
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So the first step of any argument is making a clear claim.
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Second, we need to follow our claim with reasoning.
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Reasons explain our point.
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Reasons are simply the explanation for why our claims are valid.
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To deliver reasons, we just need to ask ourselves: Why?
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Why is this true?
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How does this work?
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Sometimes our claims seem obvious, and it looks like we don't need to explain.
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In the debate, however, we need to explain as much as we can.
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Third and finally, to complete our argument, we need evidence.
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Evidence is what proves our claim is valid and convinces the audience that it is true.
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Evidence can be statements from experts, research reports, or articles, or specific examples.
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We can find evidence from articles, books, videos, podcasts, and other sources of information.
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We can also provide examples from our everyday life and experiences.
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What is important is that we have specific evidence and examples to complete our arguments.
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So, in summary, arguments have three main components: Claim,
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state our point, Explain our point.
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Evidence: Prove our point.
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Now, let's look at an example of what this looks like in a real debate.
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If our debate topic is, kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones.
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There are several possible claims we can make to support the topic.
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One claim we could make is that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes.
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If we want to provide reasons for the claim that mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes, we need to ask ourselves: why is this true?
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Let's come up with as many reasons as we can why it is true.
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Reason 1: Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Reason 2: Most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Reason 3: Sometimes use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they are busy.
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This means kids can look at their mobile phones all day, which is bad for their eyes.
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So these reasons explain why phones are harmful to kids
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and why it is difficult for kids to stop looking at their phones
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and why parents and teachers cannot easily control the phones.
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Now our argument is taking shape.
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There is only one more thing we need: evidence.
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How do we know that these arguments are true?
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Is there any evidence or examples we can provide that prove our claim is true?
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We can find evidence and examples from articles, books, podcasts, and videos.
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I read an article from a newspaper called the Washington Post from August 2018, and I found this evidence.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes, leading to macular degeneration.
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There are a lot of important words here we would need to define.
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Overall, however, this provides us good evidence for our reasoning about blue light and its impact on our eyes.
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So, let's look at what the full argument with claims, reasoning, and evidence would look like in a speech.
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not be allowed to have mobile phones is.
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Mobile phones are bad for kids eyes.
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Now, let me explain the reasons why this is true.
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First of all, Mobile phones have a light called a blue light.
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That's what allows us to see the screen.
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If kids look at this light too much, it will hurt their eyes.
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Mobile phones have so many bright colors and images that are too bright for kids' eyes.
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Secondly, most kids cannot stop looking at their mobile phones.
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Mobile phones have lots of games and videos that kids like to watch.
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These games and videos are fun and exciting and kids can't stop watching them.
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The bright colors and images are very attractive to kids.
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Third.
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Sometimes parents and teachers cannot control the mobile phone use.
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Parents and teachers cannot watch their kids at all times because they're busy.
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This means that kids can look at their mobile phones all day which is bad for their eyes.
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Now, let me introduce some evidence to support this claim.
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A new study says that smartphones may ruin your eyesight.
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Researchers at the University of Toledo in Ohio have found that exposure to blue light, the glow emitted from most smartphones,
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tablets, and laptops, promotes the growth of poisonous molecules in your eyes leading to macular degeneration.
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So, Ladies and gentlemen, we believe that kids should not have mobile phones because they are too harmful to kids eyes.
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Now, we have learned how to build an argument.
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We have learned what a claim, reasoning, and evidence are.
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We have seen an example in a debate.
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Now, you can work with your teammates to build arguments for your debates.
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Good luck!
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I'm going to go to the next one you you
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B1 מבוסס על הסרטון “How to Build an Argument with Argument Alice”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: claim, argument, mobile, evidence, eyes. בסרטון הזה יש 106 משפטים ו-1153 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:49. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-147 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 88% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שקל לעקוב אחרי אוצר המילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| smartphone שם עצם | /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ | סמארטפון, טלפון חכם |
| degeneration שם עצם | /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ | החמרה |
| excite פועל | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | הלהיב, עורר |
| eyesight שם עצם | /ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ | ראייה \ רְאִיָּה |
| molecule שם עצם | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | מוֹלֵקוּלָה |
| tablet שם עצם | /ˈtæblət/ | לוּחַ |
| podcast שם עצם | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | פּוֹדְקַאסְט, הֶסְכֵּת |
| laptop שם עצם | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | מחשב נייד, מַחְשֵׁב נַיָּד |
| ruin שם עצם | /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ | חׇרְבָּה |
| superpower שם עצם | מַעֲצָמָה | |
| builder שם עצם | /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/ | בַּנַּאי |
| mathematics שם עצם | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | מָתֵמָטִיקָה |
| gentleman שם עצם | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ | גְּבִיר |
| convince פועל | /kənˈvɪns/ | שכנע |
| crucial שם תואר | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | מכריע, חיוני |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- She'll show you how to do it.
- First, let's look at what a claim is.
- That's what allows us to see the screen.
- How do we know that these arguments are true?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have found · have learned · have seen |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | should not be allowed · be allowed |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | day, which is · day which is |
| פועל + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — פעלים שמתחברים ל-ing אחריהם | stop looking · stop watching |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-9 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו can't, don't, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, assertion /əˈsɜɹʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, debatable [dɪˈbeɪtəbəɫ], mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: macular /ˈmækjəlɚ/, tablet /ˈtæblət/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו smartphone, degeneration, excite.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.