Shadowing Practice: Learn To Argue Effectively (1951) - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
188 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
This is the story of an argument
2
Jeff loved to argue about anything and everything.
3
After all, the Vikings were here before
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Columbus and so were the Indians.
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And we don't know how many others.
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So how can you say
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Columbus discovered America?
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And you say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Oh, they couldn't have.
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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There are ten kinds that'll hold the road better.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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That's just the coach's idea.
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He wants a better job next year.
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If you like to argue so much, Jeff Field, why don't you go out for debate and learn something about it?
18
Look.
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Look at all this stupid.
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Now, what's a puppet theater have to do with debating?
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Okay, Mr. Evans.
22
Thank you, Alice.
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We've an interesting gadget here.
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You'll see why in a moment.
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Now, we're here today to find out how to argue.
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Is that so difficult?
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Well, it isn't easy to become skilled in argumentation.
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Okay, Alice.
29
Now, first of all, what subjects are worth arguing about?
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Now, let's see how many of us can recognize suitable subjects for arguments.
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Alice?
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Oh, Judy, Judy, where are you?
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Judy, my love.
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Oh, I'm tying my shoes, silly.
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Well, now you're here.
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Listen, I went out to the farm yesterday.
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You did, and what for?
38
Oh, look at the animals, and I saw a purple cow, and I...
39
Purple cow?
40
Yes, and I went up to her, and I said, how did you talk to her?
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Why, with my mouth, silly.
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Answer my question.
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I know you talked with your But that's not what I mean.
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Well then, say what you mean.
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Well, how could you talk to a cow?
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Now, who said anything about talking to a cow?
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Why don't you listen?
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You interrupt all the time.
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Now, look at her.
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You take that, and that, and that.
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No, talk to a cow!
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I'm not a idiot!
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Well, was that a good subject for argument?
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What was the argument about?
55
Yes?
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I guess it was whether Punch talked to a cow.
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But Judy wasn't there, how would she know?
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If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
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What would be a better subject for them to argue?
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Well, Judy might try to convince
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Punch that there is no such thing as a purple cow.
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Or that he might be more observant.
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What is a good subject for argument?
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Jeff thought about that one.
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He remembered some arguments he'd had.
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You say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Pointless to argue about a fact.
68
That's easily checked, isn't it?
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Oh, liverwurst.
70
You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
71
Pointless, too, to argue about matters of personal taste.
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They are seldom changed by argument.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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Why, there are ten cars that'll hold the road better.
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Arguments about opinions can be purposeful for argument often does change opinions.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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And arguments about proposed actions can be purposeful if they make their points.
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Yes, Jeff thought about these things.
79
All right.
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If it's a subject on which we can influence what others believe, argument has purpose. If not, why argue?
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Agree?
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Fine.
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Now, let's go on to another question.
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Assuming that we have a good subject for argument, how should we argue?
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Well, where do you think you're going?
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Well, I'm going to Garden City next year with the team.
87
We're going to join the new athletic conference, you know.
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Huh.
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
90
Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Do you think we're blind?
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Everybody knows you're just trying to take a nice old trip at the school expense and get beat, beat, beat!
97
Well, anyway, you'll agree we should try to put our school on the map if we can.
98
Sure, if we can.
99
We've done okay.
100
Well, let's not have the same kind of argument that they had.
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This is a hot issue.
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We chose it because it is a real issue here in our school right now.
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It's a good subject for argument, agreed?
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The question is, how can we make that argument profitable?
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How can we argue so as to change opinion?
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Now, let's repeat this
107
Punch and Judy argument.
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Whenever you see anything that keeps it from being profitable, we'll stop the show.
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All right, Alice.
110
Oh, well, where do you think you're going?
111
Oh, I'm going to Garden City next year as a team.
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We're going to join the new conference, you know.
113
Wait a minute, man.
114
We haven't decided whether to join the new conference or not.
115
Punch doesn't seem to know what he's talking about.
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And you feel you have to know what you're talking about to argue profitably?
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I'll say.
118
All right.
119
One. Be informed.
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Know your subject.
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That's the first essential of how to argue profitably.
122
All right, Alice.
123
Ha!
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
125
Well, this is our big chance.
126
We'll put our school on the map.
127
Garden City, Garden City, go to Garden City.
128
What do you think we're doing here?
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Punch and Judy aren't listening to each other.
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How can punch convince Judy if he doesn't know what Judy thinks and vice versa good point
131
That's step two
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Listen and Understand you can't argue profitably until you know what your opponent believes
133
All right Alice Well, anyway, you'll agree.
134
We should try to put our school on a mess if we can
135
Oh sure if we can well Isn't there something there?
136
I mean, well, sometimes when you're arguing, you waste time over points you really agree on.
137
At least Punch was trying there.
138
Good point.
139
I wondered whether anyone would catch that.
140
Find common ground.
141
Two people in an argument usually agree on something.
142
They have to, or else the argument won't convince anyone of anything.
143
And if you know where you agree, you can see more clearly where you disagree.
144
Isn't that important in arguments?
145
Ah.
146
Find the issues.
147
Once you know exactly where you disagree, then you know exactly where to apply your information and reasoning.
148
So, find the issues and work on them.
149
Work on them?
150
Oh, I'll work on you.
151
I'll work on you.
152
After that, Jeff thought about subjects for argument, about methods of argument.
153
He watched himself, too.
154
Oh, that's silly.
155
The rehearsal couldn't be at 7 o 'clock.
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Miss Alquist can't...
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Miss Alquist can't get there by 7.
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She likes to eat at Hanson's restaurant jam.
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Punch and Judy argue.
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What'd you say?
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Oh, never mind.
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If Miss Alquist said 7 o 'clock, I suppose we better be there then.
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He tried to save his arguing for topics worth argument, opinions, proposed actions where his argument might make a difference.
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He tried to be informed, getting knowledge that would be useful to make his arguments profitable.
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He tried to listen, to understand his opponents and their positions.
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He tried to find common ground from which better understanding could be reached.
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And he tried to find the issues and attack them directly in his arguments.
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It took time to learn to argue effectively.
169
But one day, not long ago...
170
Listen, gang, ticket sales are going swell.
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So I guess we'll have to reserve the gym for our party.
172
Wait a minute.
173
Why the gym?
174
We want to use the lodge at Langdon Park.
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That's rather expensive, isn't it?
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No, it isn't.
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Besides, think of all the...
178
Do you know how much they charge for the lodge?
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Well, no. Well, we want our party to be informal, don't we?
180
That's right.
181
We could have a good informal time at the lodge.
182
We could decorate there.
183
And they have a big fireplace where we could roast weenies and marshmallows.
184
That's a wonderful idea.
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So don't you think we should first find out the cost for the lodge and then decide?
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Yes, Jeff is still an arguer.
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But he is learning to make his arguments purposeful and profitable.
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How well do you argue?
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תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Learn To Argue Effectively”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: argument, argue, subject, Judy, punch. בסרטון הזה יש 188 משפטים ו-1390 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:50. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-141 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים. 44 מתוך 188 המשפטים שלו הם שאלות, כך שזה תרגול טוב לאינטונציה של שאלות ולתשובות קצרות.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
14 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| punch שם עצם | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | אֶגרוֹף |
| convince פועל | /kənˈvɪns/ | שכנע |
| purple שם עצם | /ˈpɝ.pl̩/ | סגול |
| inform פועל | /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ | הוֹדִיעַ |
| decorate פועל | /ˈdɛkəɹeɪt/ | עיטר, קישט |
| gadget שם עצם | /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/ | גאדג׳ט, גַּדְגֶ׳ט |
| marshmallow שם עצם | /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ | מרשמלו |
| observant שם תואר | /əbˈzɝvənt/ | חַד עַיִן |
| fireplace שם עצם | /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ | אָח, קָמִין |
| seldom תואר הפועל | /ˈsɛldəm/ | לְעִתִּים רְחוֹקוֹת |
| swell פועל | /swɛl/ | תפח, התנפח |
| rehearsal שם עצם | /ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/ | חֲזָרָה, תִּרְגּוּל |
| puppet שם עצם | /ˈpʌpɪt/ | בובה \ בֻּבָּה |
| shoe שם עצם | /ˈʃu/ | נַעַל |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- You did, and what for?
- Why don't you listen?
- If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
- Do you think we're blind?
- What do you think we're doing here?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've ever heard · We've done · haven't decided |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | Be informed · could be reached |
| עצה עם “should” should + verb — לומר מה כדאי או מומלץ לעשות | should we argue · should try · should first |
| אפשרות עם “might / may” might/may + verb — משהו שיכול לקרות, אך לא בטוח | might try · might be · might make |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-57 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, isn't, you're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, shoe /ˈʃu/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: liverwurst /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/, swell /swɛl/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, gadget /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/, disagree /dɪsəˈɡɹi/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו punch, convince, purple.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.