Практика Shadowing: Learn To Argue Effectively (1951) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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188 предложений
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1
This is the story of an argument
2
Jeff loved to argue about anything and everything.
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After all, the Vikings were here before
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Columbus and so were the Indians.
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And we don't know how many others.
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So how can you say
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Columbus discovered America?
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And you say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Oh, they couldn't have.
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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There are ten kinds that'll hold the road better.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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That's just the coach's idea.
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He wants a better job next year.
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If you like to argue so much, Jeff Field, why don't you go out for debate and learn something about it?
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Look.
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Look at all this stupid.
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Now, what's a puppet theater have to do with debating?
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Okay, Mr. Evans.
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Thank you, Alice.
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We've an interesting gadget here.
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You'll see why in a moment.
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Now, we're here today to find out how to argue.
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Is that so difficult?
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Well, it isn't easy to become skilled in argumentation.
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Okay, Alice.
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Now, first of all, what subjects are worth arguing about?
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Now, let's see how many of us can recognize suitable subjects for arguments.
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Alice?
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Oh, Judy, Judy, where are you?
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Judy, my love.
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Oh, I'm tying my shoes, silly.
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Well, now you're here.
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Listen, I went out to the farm yesterday.
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You did, and what for?
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Oh, look at the animals, and I saw a purple cow, and I...
39
Purple cow?
40
Yes, and I went up to her, and I said, how did you talk to her?
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Why, with my mouth, silly.
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Answer my question.
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I know you talked with your But that's not what I mean.
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Well then, say what you mean.
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Well, how could you talk to a cow?
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Now, who said anything about talking to a cow?
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Why don't you listen?
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You interrupt all the time.
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Now, look at her.
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You take that, and that, and that.
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No, talk to a cow!
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I'm not a idiot!
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Well, was that a good subject for argument?
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What was the argument about?
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Yes?
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I guess it was whether Punch talked to a cow.
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But Judy wasn't there, how would she know?
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If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
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What would be a better subject for them to argue?
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Well, Judy might try to convince
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Punch that there is no such thing as a purple cow.
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Or that he might be more observant.
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What is a good subject for argument?
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Jeff thought about that one.
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He remembered some arguments he'd had.
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You say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Pointless to argue about a fact.
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That's easily checked, isn't it?
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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Pointless, too, to argue about matters of personal taste.
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They are seldom changed by argument.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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Why, there are ten cars that'll hold the road better.
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Arguments about opinions can be purposeful for argument often does change opinions.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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And arguments about proposed actions can be purposeful if they make their points.
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Yes, Jeff thought about these things.
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All right.
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If it's a subject on which we can influence what others believe, argument has purpose. If not, why argue?
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Agree?
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Fine.
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Now, let's go on to another question.
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Assuming that we have a good subject for argument, how should we argue?
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Well, where do you think you're going?
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Well, I'm going to Garden City next year with the team.
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We're going to join the new athletic conference, you know.
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Huh.
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Do you think we're blind?
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Everybody knows you're just trying to take a nice old trip at the school expense and get beat, beat, beat!
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Well, anyway, you'll agree we should try to put our school on the map if we can.
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Sure, if we can.
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We've done okay.
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Well, let's not have the same kind of argument that they had.
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This is a hot issue.
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We chose it because it is a real issue here in our school right now.
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It's a good subject for argument, agreed?
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The question is, how can we make that argument profitable?
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How can we argue so as to change opinion?
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Now, let's repeat this
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Punch and Judy argument.
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Whenever you see anything that keeps it from being profitable, we'll stop the show.
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All right, Alice.
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Oh, well, where do you think you're going?
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Oh, I'm going to Garden City next year as a team.
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We're going to join the new conference, you know.
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Wait a minute, man.
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We haven't decided whether to join the new conference or not.
115
Punch doesn't seem to know what he's talking about.
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And you feel you have to know what you're talking about to argue profitably?
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I'll say.
118
All right.
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One. Be informed.
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Know your subject.
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That's the first essential of how to argue profitably.
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All right, Alice.
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Ha!
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City, Garden City, go to Garden City.
128
What do you think we're doing here?
129
Punch and Judy aren't listening to each other.
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How can punch convince Judy if he doesn't know what Judy thinks and vice versa good point
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That's step two
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Listen and Understand you can't argue profitably until you know what your opponent believes
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All right Alice Well, anyway, you'll agree.
134
We should try to put our school on a mess if we can
135
Oh sure if we can well Isn't there something there?
136
I mean, well, sometimes when you're arguing, you waste time over points you really agree on.
137
At least Punch was trying there.
138
Good point.
139
I wondered whether anyone would catch that.
140
Find common ground.
141
Two people in an argument usually agree on something.
142
They have to, or else the argument won't convince anyone of anything.
143
And if you know where you agree, you can see more clearly where you disagree.
144
Isn't that important in arguments?
145
Ah.
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Find the issues.
147
Once you know exactly where you disagree, then you know exactly where to apply your information and reasoning.
148
So, find the issues and work on them.
149
Work on them?
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Oh, I'll work on you.
151
I'll work on you.
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After that, Jeff thought about subjects for argument, about methods of argument.
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He watched himself, too.
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Oh, that's silly.
155
The rehearsal couldn't be at 7 o 'clock.
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Miss Alquist can't...
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Miss Alquist can't get there by 7.
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She likes to eat at Hanson's restaurant jam.
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Punch and Judy argue.
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What'd you say?
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Oh, never mind.
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If Miss Alquist said 7 o 'clock, I suppose we better be there then.
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He tried to save his arguing for topics worth argument, opinions, proposed actions where his argument might make a difference.
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He tried to be informed, getting knowledge that would be useful to make his arguments profitable.
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He tried to listen, to understand his opponents and their positions.
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He tried to find common ground from which better understanding could be reached.
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And he tried to find the issues and attack them directly in his arguments.
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It took time to learn to argue effectively.
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But one day, not long ago...
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Listen, gang, ticket sales are going swell.
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So I guess we'll have to reserve the gym for our party.
172
Wait a minute.
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Why the gym?
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We want to use the lodge at Langdon Park.
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That's rather expensive, isn't it?
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No, it isn't.
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Besides, think of all the...
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Do you know how much they charge for the lodge?
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Well, no. Well, we want our party to be informal, don't we?
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That's right.
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We could have a good informal time at the lodge.
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We could decorate there.
183
And they have a big fireplace where we could roast weenies and marshmallows.
184
That's a wonderful idea.
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So don't you think we should first find out the cost for the lodge and then decide?
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Yes, Jeff is still an arguer.
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But he is learning to make his arguments purposeful and profitable.
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How well do you argue?
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Learn To Argue Effectively». Чаще всего повторяются слова: argument, argue, subject, Judy, punch. В этом видео 188 предложений и 1390 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:50. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 141 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 84% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием. Вопросов здесь 44 из 188 предложений, так что это хорошая тренировка вопросительной интонации и коротких ответов.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| argue глагол | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | спо́рить, обсужда́ть |
| punch существительное | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | уда́р |
| silly прилагательное | /ˈsɪl.i/ | глу́пый, дурно́й |
| lodge глагол | /lɑd͡ʒ/ | застрева́ть, застря́ть |
| profitable прилагательное | /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ | вы́годный, при́быльный |
| purple существительное | /ˈpɝ.pl̩/ | пурпу́рный, пурпу́ровый |
| convince глагол | /kənˈvɪns/ | убежда́ть, убеди́ть |
| athletic прилагательное | /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/ | атлети́ческий, спорти́вный |
| opponent существительное | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | проти́вник, проти́вница |
| inform глагол | /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ | сообща́ть, сообщи́ть |
| disagree глагол | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | не соглаша́ться |
| propose глагол | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | предлага́ть, предложи́ть |
| pointless прилагательное | /ˈpɔɪntləs/ | тупой |
| informal прилагательное | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | неформа́льный, неофициа́льный |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| find out глагол | узнава́ть, узна́ть |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- You did, and what for?
- Why don't you listen?
- If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
- Do you think we're blind?
- What do you think we're doing here?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | I've ever heard · We've done · haven't decided |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | Be informed · could be reached |
| Совет с «should» should + глагол — сказать, что стоит сделать | should we argue · should try · should first |
| Вероятность с «might / may» might/may + глагол — возможно, но не точно | might try · might be · might make |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 57 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, isn't, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shoe /ˈʃu/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: swell /swɛl/, liverwurst /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как argue, punch, silly.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.