Prática de Shadowing: Learn To Argue Effectively (1951) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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188 frases
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This is the story of an argument
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Jeff loved to argue about anything and everything.
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After all, the Vikings were here before
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Columbus and so were the Indians.
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And we don't know how many others.
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So how can you say
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Columbus discovered America?
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And you say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Oh, they couldn't have.
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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There are ten kinds that'll hold the road better.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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That's just the coach's idea.
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He wants a better job next year.
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If you like to argue so much, Jeff Field, why don't you go out for debate and learn something about it?
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Look.
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Look at all this stupid.
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Now, what's a puppet theater have to do with debating?
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Okay, Mr. Evans.
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Thank you, Alice.
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We've an interesting gadget here.
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You'll see why in a moment.
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Now, we're here today to find out how to argue.
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Is that so difficult?
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Well, it isn't easy to become skilled in argumentation.
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Okay, Alice.
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Now, first of all, what subjects are worth arguing about?
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Now, let's see how many of us can recognize suitable subjects for arguments.
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Alice?
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Oh, Judy, Judy, where are you?
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Judy, my love.
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Oh, I'm tying my shoes, silly.
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Well, now you're here.
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Listen, I went out to the farm yesterday.
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You did, and what for?
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Oh, look at the animals, and I saw a purple cow, and I...
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Purple cow?
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Yes, and I went up to her, and I said, how did you talk to her?
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Why, with my mouth, silly.
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Answer my question.
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I know you talked with your But that's not what I mean.
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Well then, say what you mean.
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Well, how could you talk to a cow?
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Now, who said anything about talking to a cow?
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Why don't you listen?
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You interrupt all the time.
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Now, look at her.
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You take that, and that, and that.
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No, talk to a cow!
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I'm not a idiot!
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Well, was that a good subject for argument?
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What was the argument about?
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Yes?
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I guess it was whether Punch talked to a cow.
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But Judy wasn't there, how would she know?
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If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
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What would be a better subject for them to argue?
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Well, Judy might try to convince
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Punch that there is no such thing as a purple cow.
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Or that he might be more observant.
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What is a good subject for argument?
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Jeff thought about that one.
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He remembered some arguments he'd had.
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You say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Pointless to argue about a fact.
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That's easily checked, isn't it?
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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Pointless, too, to argue about matters of personal taste.
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They are seldom changed by argument.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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Why, there are ten cars that'll hold the road better.
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Arguments about opinions can be purposeful for argument often does change opinions.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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And arguments about proposed actions can be purposeful if they make their points.
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Yes, Jeff thought about these things.
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All right.
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If it's a subject on which we can influence what others believe, argument has purpose. If not, why argue?
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Agree?
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Fine.
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Now, let's go on to another question.
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Assuming that we have a good subject for argument, how should we argue?
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Well, where do you think you're going?
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Well, I'm going to Garden City next year with the team.
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We're going to join the new athletic conference, you know.
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Huh.
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Do you think we're blind?
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Everybody knows you're just trying to take a nice old trip at the school expense and get beat, beat, beat!
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Well, anyway, you'll agree we should try to put our school on the map if we can.
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Sure, if we can.
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We've done okay.
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Well, let's not have the same kind of argument that they had.
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This is a hot issue.
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We chose it because it is a real issue here in our school right now.
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It's a good subject for argument, agreed?
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The question is, how can we make that argument profitable?
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How can we argue so as to change opinion?
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Now, let's repeat this
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Punch and Judy argument.
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Whenever you see anything that keeps it from being profitable, we'll stop the show.
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All right, Alice.
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Oh, well, where do you think you're going?
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Oh, I'm going to Garden City next year as a team.
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We're going to join the new conference, you know.
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Wait a minute, man.
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We haven't decided whether to join the new conference or not.
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Punch doesn't seem to know what he's talking about.
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And you feel you have to know what you're talking about to argue profitably?
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I'll say.
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All right.
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One. Be informed.
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Know your subject.
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That's the first essential of how to argue profitably.
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All right, Alice.
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Ha!
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City, Garden City, go to Garden City.
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What do you think we're doing here?
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Punch and Judy aren't listening to each other.
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How can punch convince Judy if he doesn't know what Judy thinks and vice versa good point
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That's step two
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Listen and Understand you can't argue profitably until you know what your opponent believes
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All right Alice Well, anyway, you'll agree.
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We should try to put our school on a mess if we can
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Oh sure if we can well Isn't there something there?
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I mean, well, sometimes when you're arguing, you waste time over points you really agree on.
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At least Punch was trying there.
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Good point.
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I wondered whether anyone would catch that.
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Find common ground.
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Two people in an argument usually agree on something.
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They have to, or else the argument won't convince anyone of anything.
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And if you know where you agree, you can see more clearly where you disagree.
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Isn't that important in arguments?
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Ah.
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Find the issues.
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Once you know exactly where you disagree, then you know exactly where to apply your information and reasoning.
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So, find the issues and work on them.
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Work on them?
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Oh, I'll work on you.
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I'll work on you.
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After that, Jeff thought about subjects for argument, about methods of argument.
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He watched himself, too.
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Oh, that's silly.
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The rehearsal couldn't be at 7 o 'clock.
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Miss Alquist can't...
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Miss Alquist can't get there by 7.
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She likes to eat at Hanson's restaurant jam.
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Punch and Judy argue.
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What'd you say?
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Oh, never mind.
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If Miss Alquist said 7 o 'clock, I suppose we better be there then.
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He tried to save his arguing for topics worth argument, opinions, proposed actions where his argument might make a difference.
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He tried to be informed, getting knowledge that would be useful to make his arguments profitable.
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He tried to listen, to understand his opponents and their positions.
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He tried to find common ground from which better understanding could be reached.
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And he tried to find the issues and attack them directly in his arguments.
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It took time to learn to argue effectively.
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But one day, not long ago...
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Listen, gang, ticket sales are going swell.
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So I guess we'll have to reserve the gym for our party.
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Wait a minute.
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Why the gym?
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We want to use the lodge at Langdon Park.
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That's rather expensive, isn't it?
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No, it isn't.
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Besides, think of all the...
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Do you know how much they charge for the lodge?
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Well, no. Well, we want our party to be informal, don't we?
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That's right.
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We could have a good informal time at the lodge.
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We could decorate there.
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And they have a big fireplace where we could roast weenies and marshmallows.
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That's a wonderful idea.
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So don't you think we should first find out the cost for the lodge and then decide?
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Yes, Jeff is still an arguer.
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But he is learning to make his arguments purposeful and profitable.
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How well do you argue?
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Learn To Argue Effectively”. As palavras que mais se repetem: argument, argue, subject, Judy, punch. Este vídeo tem 188 frases e 1390 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:50. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 141 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar. 44 das 188 frases são perguntas, por isso é um bom treino para a entonação de perguntas e respostas curtas.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | discutir, argumentar |
| punch substantivo | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | murro, soco |
| silly adjetivo | /ˈsɪl.i/ | bobo, tolo |
| lodge verbo | /lɑd͡ʒ/ | emperrar, alojar |
| profitable adjetivo | /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ | lucrativo |
| purple substantivo | /ˈpɝ.pl̩/ | roxo, púrpura |
| convince verbo | /kənˈvɪns/ | convencer |
| athletic adjetivo | /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/ | atlético |
| clock substantivo | /klɑk/ | velocímetro |
| inform verbo | /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ | informar |
| disagree verbo | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | discordar |
| propose verbo | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | propor |
| pointless adjetivo | /ˈpɔɪntləs/ | sem ponta, desapontado |
| informal adjetivo | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | informal |
| topic substantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tópico, assunto |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | descobrir |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You did, and what for?
- Why don't you listen?
- If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
- Do you think we're blind?
- What do you think we're doing here?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | I've ever heard · We've done · haven't decided |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | Be informed · could be reached |
| Conselho com “should” should + verbo — dizer o que é uma boa ideia | should we argue · should try · should first |
| Possibilidade com “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo possível, mas não certo | might try · might be · might make |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 57 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, isn't, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: shoe /ˈʃu/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, clock /klɑk/, opponent /əˈpəʊ.nənt/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, roast /ɹoʊst/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, skill /skɪl/, swell /swɛl/, purposeful /ˈpɝ.pəs.fəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: skill /skɪl/, swell /swɛl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como argue, punch, silly.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.