跟读练习: Learn To Argue Effectively (1951) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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188 句
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This is the story of an argument
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Jeff loved to argue about anything and everything.
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After all, the Vikings were here before
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Columbus and so were the Indians.
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And we don't know how many others.
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So how can you say
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Columbus discovered America?
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And you say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Oh, they couldn't have.
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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There are ten kinds that'll hold the road better.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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That's just the coach's idea.
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He wants a better job next year.
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If you like to argue so much, Jeff Field, why don't you go out for debate and learn something about it?
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Look.
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Look at all this stupid.
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Now, what's a puppet theater have to do with debating?
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Okay, Mr. Evans.
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Thank you, Alice.
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We've an interesting gadget here.
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You'll see why in a moment.
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Now, we're here today to find out how to argue.
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Is that so difficult?
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Well, it isn't easy to become skilled in argumentation.
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Okay, Alice.
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Now, first of all, what subjects are worth arguing about?
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Now, let's see how many of us can recognize suitable subjects for arguments.
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Alice?
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Oh, Judy, Judy, where are you?
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Judy, my love.
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Oh, I'm tying my shoes, silly.
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Well, now you're here.
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Listen, I went out to the farm yesterday.
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You did, and what for?
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Oh, look at the animals, and I saw a purple cow, and I...
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Purple cow?
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Yes, and I went up to her, and I said, how did you talk to her?
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Why, with my mouth, silly.
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Answer my question.
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I know you talked with your But that's not what I mean.
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Well then, say what you mean.
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Well, how could you talk to a cow?
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Now, who said anything about talking to a cow?
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Why don't you listen?
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You interrupt all the time.
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Now, look at her.
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You take that, and that, and that.
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No, talk to a cow!
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I'm not a idiot!
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Well, was that a good subject for argument?
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What was the argument about?
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Yes?
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I guess it was whether Punch talked to a cow.
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But Judy wasn't there, how would she know?
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If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
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What would be a better subject for them to argue?
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Well, Judy might try to convince
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Punch that there is no such thing as a purple cow.
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Or that he might be more observant.
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What is a good subject for argument?
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Jeff thought about that one.
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He remembered some arguments he'd had.
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You say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Pointless to argue about a fact.
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That's easily checked, isn't it?
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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Pointless, too, to argue about matters of personal taste.
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They are seldom changed by argument.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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Why, there are ten cars that'll hold the road better.
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Arguments about opinions can be purposeful for argument often does change opinions.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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And arguments about proposed actions can be purposeful if they make their points.
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Yes, Jeff thought about these things.
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All right.
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If it's a subject on which we can influence what others believe, argument has purpose. If not, why argue?
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Agree?
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Fine.
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Now, let's go on to another question.
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Assuming that we have a good subject for argument, how should we argue?
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Well, where do you think you're going?
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Well, I'm going to Garden City next year with the team.
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We're going to join the new athletic conference, you know.
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Huh.
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Do you think we're blind?
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Everybody knows you're just trying to take a nice old trip at the school expense and get beat, beat, beat!
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Well, anyway, you'll agree we should try to put our school on the map if we can.
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Sure, if we can.
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We've done okay.
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Well, let's not have the same kind of argument that they had.
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This is a hot issue.
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We chose it because it is a real issue here in our school right now.
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It's a good subject for argument, agreed?
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The question is, how can we make that argument profitable?
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How can we argue so as to change opinion?
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Now, let's repeat this
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Punch and Judy argument.
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Whenever you see anything that keeps it from being profitable, we'll stop the show.
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All right, Alice.
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Oh, well, where do you think you're going?
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Oh, I'm going to Garden City next year as a team.
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We're going to join the new conference, you know.
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Wait a minute, man.
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We haven't decided whether to join the new conference or not.
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Punch doesn't seem to know what he's talking about.
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And you feel you have to know what you're talking about to argue profitably?
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I'll say.
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All right.
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One. Be informed.
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Know your subject.
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That's the first essential of how to argue profitably.
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All right, Alice.
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Ha!
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City, Garden City, go to Garden City.
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What do you think we're doing here?
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Punch and Judy aren't listening to each other.
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How can punch convince Judy if he doesn't know what Judy thinks and vice versa good point
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That's step two
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Listen and Understand you can't argue profitably until you know what your opponent believes
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All right Alice Well, anyway, you'll agree.
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We should try to put our school on a mess if we can
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Oh sure if we can well Isn't there something there?
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I mean, well, sometimes when you're arguing, you waste time over points you really agree on.
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At least Punch was trying there.
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Good point.
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I wondered whether anyone would catch that.
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Find common ground.
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Two people in an argument usually agree on something.
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They have to, or else the argument won't convince anyone of anything.
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And if you know where you agree, you can see more clearly where you disagree.
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Isn't that important in arguments?
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Ah.
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Find the issues.
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Once you know exactly where you disagree, then you know exactly where to apply your information and reasoning.
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So, find the issues and work on them.
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Work on them?
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Oh, I'll work on you.
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I'll work on you.
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After that, Jeff thought about subjects for argument, about methods of argument.
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He watched himself, too.
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Oh, that's silly.
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The rehearsal couldn't be at 7 o 'clock.
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Miss Alquist can't...
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Miss Alquist can't get there by 7.
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She likes to eat at Hanson's restaurant jam.
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Punch and Judy argue.
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What'd you say?
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Oh, never mind.
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If Miss Alquist said 7 o 'clock, I suppose we better be there then.
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He tried to save his arguing for topics worth argument, opinions, proposed actions where his argument might make a difference.
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He tried to be informed, getting knowledge that would be useful to make his arguments profitable.
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He tried to listen, to understand his opponents and their positions.
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He tried to find common ground from which better understanding could be reached.
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And he tried to find the issues and attack them directly in his arguments.
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It took time to learn to argue effectively.
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But one day, not long ago...
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Listen, gang, ticket sales are going swell.
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So I guess we'll have to reserve the gym for our party.
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Wait a minute.
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Why the gym?
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We want to use the lodge at Langdon Park.
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That's rather expensive, isn't it?
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No, it isn't.
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Besides, think of all the...
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Do you know how much they charge for the lodge?
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Well, no. Well, we want our party to be informal, don't we?
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That's right.
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We could have a good informal time at the lodge.
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We could decorate there.
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And they have a big fireplace where we could roast weenies and marshmallows.
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That's a wonderful idea.
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So don't you think we should first find out the cost for the lodge and then decide?
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Yes, Jeff is still an arguer.
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But he is learning to make his arguments purposeful and profitable.
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How well do you argue?
FOR YOU
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Learn To Argue Effectively”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：argument, argue, subject, Judy, punch。 这段视频共有 188 个句子、1390 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:50。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 141 个词，很适合跟读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。 全部 188 个句子中有 44 个是问句，适合练习疑问语调和简短回答。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| argue 动词 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 辯論 /辩论, 爭辯 /争辩 |
| punch 名词 | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | 拳打, 拳 |
| silly 形容词 | /ˈsɪl.i/ | 愚蠢, 笨 |
| lodge 动词 | /lɑd͡ʒ/ | 卡住 |
| profitable 形容词 | /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ | 可獲利的 /可获利的, 有利可圖 /有利可图 |
| purple 名词 | /ˈpɝ.pl̩/ | 紫色 |
| convince 动词 | /kənˈvɪns/ | 說服 /说服 |
| opponent 名词 | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | 對方 /对方 |
| inform 动词 | /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ | 通知, 告知 |
| disagree 动词 | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | 不同意, 反對 /反对 |
| propose 动词 | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | 提議 /提议 |
| informal 形容词 | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | 非正式 |
| topic 名词 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主题, 話題 /话题 |
| skill 名词 | /skɪl/ | 技巧, 技能 |
| discover 动词 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /发现, 發覺 /发觉 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| find out 动词 | 找出, 查明 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- You did, and what for?
- Why don't you listen?
- If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
- Do you think we're blind?
- What do you think we're doing here?
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've ever heard · We've done · haven't decided |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | Be informed · could be reached |
| 用 “should” 提建议 should + 动词 — 表示应该做的事 | should we argue · should try · should first |
| 用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 动词 — 有可能但不确定的事 | might try · might be · might make |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 57 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, isn't, you're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shoe /ˈʃu/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: convince /kənˈvɪns/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, liverwurst /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/, observant /əbˈzɝvənt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, clock /klɑk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, rehearsal /ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/, fireplace /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/, profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 argue, punch, silly 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。