تدريب Shadowing: Learn To Argue Effectively (1951) - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.
188 جمل
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This is the story of an argument
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Jeff loved to argue about anything and everything.
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After all, the Vikings were here before
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Columbus and so were the Indians.
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And we don't know how many others.
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So how can you say
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Columbus discovered America?
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And you say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Oh, they couldn't have.
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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There are ten kinds that'll hold the road better.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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That's just the coach's idea.
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He wants a better job next year.
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If you like to argue so much, Jeff Field, why don't you go out for debate and learn something about it?
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Look.
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Look at all this stupid.
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Now, what's a puppet theater have to do with debating?
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Okay, Mr. Evans.
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Thank you, Alice.
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We've an interesting gadget here.
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You'll see why in a moment.
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Now, we're here today to find out how to argue.
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Is that so difficult?
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Well, it isn't easy to become skilled in argumentation.
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Okay, Alice.
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Now, first of all, what subjects are worth arguing about?
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Now, let's see how many of us can recognize suitable subjects for arguments.
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Alice?
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Oh, Judy, Judy, where are you?
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Judy, my love.
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Oh, I'm tying my shoes, silly.
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Well, now you're here.
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Listen, I went out to the farm yesterday.
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You did, and what for?
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Oh, look at the animals, and I saw a purple cow, and I...
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Purple cow?
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Yes, and I went up to her, and I said, how did you talk to her?
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Why, with my mouth, silly.
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Answer my question.
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I know you talked with your But that's not what I mean.
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Well then, say what you mean.
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Well, how could you talk to a cow?
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Now, who said anything about talking to a cow?
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Why don't you listen?
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You interrupt all the time.
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Now, look at her.
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You take that, and that, and that.
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No, talk to a cow!
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I'm not a idiot!
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Well, was that a good subject for argument?
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What was the argument about?
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Yes?
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I guess it was whether Punch talked to a cow.
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But Judy wasn't there, how would she know?
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If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
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What would be a better subject for them to argue?
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Well, Judy might try to convince
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Punch that there is no such thing as a purple cow.
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Or that he might be more observant.
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What is a good subject for argument?
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Jeff thought about that one.
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He remembered some arguments he'd had.
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You say Jonesville won the tournament last year?
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Pointless to argue about a fact.
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That's easily checked, isn't it?
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Oh, liverwurst.
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You must be crazy to eat that stuff.
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Pointless, too, to argue about matters of personal taste.
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They are seldom changed by argument.
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That's the silliest opinion I've ever heard.
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Why, there are ten cars that'll hold the road better.
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Arguments about opinions can be purposeful for argument often does change opinions.
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We don't need to enter a new conference.
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And arguments about proposed actions can be purposeful if they make their points.
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Yes, Jeff thought about these things.
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All right.
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If it's a subject on which we can influence what others believe, argument has purpose. If not, why argue?
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Agree?
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Fine.
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Now, let's go on to another question.
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Assuming that we have a good subject for argument, how should we argue?
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Well, where do you think you're going?
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Well, I'm going to Garden City next year with the team.
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We're going to join the new athletic conference, you know.
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Huh.
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Garden City!
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Do you think we're blind?
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Everybody knows you're just trying to take a nice old trip at the school expense and get beat, beat, beat!
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Well, anyway, you'll agree we should try to put our school on the map if we can.
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Sure, if we can.
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We've done okay.
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Well, let's not have the same kind of argument that they had.
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This is a hot issue.
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We chose it because it is a real issue here in our school right now.
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It's a good subject for argument, agreed?
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The question is, how can we make that argument profitable?
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How can we argue so as to change opinion?
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Now, let's repeat this
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Punch and Judy argument.
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Whenever you see anything that keeps it from being profitable, we'll stop the show.
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All right, Alice.
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Oh, well, where do you think you're going?
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Oh, I'm going to Garden City next year as a team.
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We're going to join the new conference, you know.
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Wait a minute, man.
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We haven't decided whether to join the new conference or not.
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Punch doesn't seem to know what he's talking about.
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And you feel you have to know what you're talking about to argue profitably?
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I'll say.
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All right.
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One. Be informed.
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Know your subject.
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That's the first essential of how to argue profitably.
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All right, Alice.
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Ha!
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Just because everybody wants to take a trip, we have to join a new athletic conference.
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Well, this is our big chance.
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We'll put our school on the map.
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Garden City, Garden City, go to Garden City.
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What do you think we're doing here?
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Punch and Judy aren't listening to each other.
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How can punch convince Judy if he doesn't know what Judy thinks and vice versa good point
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That's step two
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Listen and Understand you can't argue profitably until you know what your opponent believes
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All right Alice Well, anyway, you'll agree.
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We should try to put our school on a mess if we can
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Oh sure if we can well Isn't there something there?
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I mean, well, sometimes when you're arguing, you waste time over points you really agree on.
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At least Punch was trying there.
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Good point.
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I wondered whether anyone would catch that.
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Find common ground.
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Two people in an argument usually agree on something.
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They have to, or else the argument won't convince anyone of anything.
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And if you know where you agree, you can see more clearly where you disagree.
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Isn't that important in arguments?
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Ah.
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Find the issues.
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Once you know exactly where you disagree, then you know exactly where to apply your information and reasoning.
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So, find the issues and work on them.
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Work on them?
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Oh, I'll work on you.
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I'll work on you.
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After that, Jeff thought about subjects for argument, about methods of argument.
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He watched himself, too.
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Oh, that's silly.
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The rehearsal couldn't be at 7 o 'clock.
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Miss Alquist can't...
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Miss Alquist can't get there by 7.
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She likes to eat at Hanson's restaurant jam.
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Punch and Judy argue.
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What'd you say?
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Oh, never mind.
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If Miss Alquist said 7 o 'clock, I suppose we better be there then.
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He tried to save his arguing for topics worth argument, opinions, proposed actions where his argument might make a difference.
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He tried to be informed, getting knowledge that would be useful to make his arguments profitable.
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He tried to listen, to understand his opponents and their positions.
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He tried to find common ground from which better understanding could be reached.
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And he tried to find the issues and attack them directly in his arguments.
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It took time to learn to argue effectively.
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But one day, not long ago...
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Listen, gang, ticket sales are going swell.
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So I guess we'll have to reserve the gym for our party.
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Wait a minute.
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Why the gym?
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We want to use the lodge at Langdon Park.
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That's rather expensive, isn't it?
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No, it isn't.
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Besides, think of all the...
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Do you know how much they charge for the lodge?
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Well, no. Well, we want our party to be informal, don't we?
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That's right.
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We could have a good informal time at the lodge.
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We could decorate there.
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And they have a big fireplace where we could roast weenies and marshmallows.
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That's a wonderful idea.
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So don't you think we should first find out the cost for the lodge and then decide?
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Yes, Jeff is still an arguer.
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But he is learning to make his arguments purposeful and profitable.
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How well do you argue?
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
FOR YOU
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Learn To Argue Effectively”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: argument, argue, subject, Judy, punch. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 188 جملة و1390 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 9:50. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 141 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء. 44 من أصل 188 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| argue فعل | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | جَادَلَ, حَاجَّ |
| punch اسم | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | لَكْمَة |
| silly صفة | /ˈsɪl.i/ | سَخِيف |
| lodge فعل | /lɑd͡ʒ/ | غَلِقَ |
| purple اسم | /ˈpɝ.pl̩/ | بَنَفْسَجِيّ, أُرْجُوَانِيّ |
| convince فعل | /kənˈvɪns/ | أَقْنَعَ |
| opponent اسم | /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ | مُنَاوِئ |
| inform فعل | /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ | بَلَّغَ, أَبْلَغَ |
| propose فعل | /pɹəˈpəʊz/ | اِقْتَرَحَ |
| pointless صفة | /ˈpɔɪntləs/ | بدون جدوى |
| topic اسم | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | مَوْضُوع, مَوَاضِيع |
| skill اسم | /skɪl/ | مَهَارَة |
| discover فعل | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | اِكْتَشَفَ |
| suitable صفة | [ˈsjuː.tə.bɫ̩] | مُنَاسِب, مُلَائِم |
| theater اسم | /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/ | مَسْرَح |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- You did, and what for?
- Why don't you listen?
- If there's no evidence available on your subject, why argue?
- Do you think we're blind?
- What do you think we're doing here?
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | I've ever heard · We've done · haven't decided |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | Be informed · could be reached |
| النصيحة بـ “should” should + فعل — قول ما يُستحسن فعله | should we argue · should try · should first |
| الاحتمال بـ “might / may” might/may + فعل — شيء ممكن لكنه غير مؤكد | might try · might be · might make |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 57 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل don't, isn't, you're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: shoe /ˈʃu/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: profitably /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bli/, argumentation /ˌɑɹɡjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, purple /ˈpɝ.pl̩/, opponent /əˈpəʊ.nənt/, propose /pɹəˈpəʊz/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: convince /kənˈvɪns/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, liverwurst /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/, observant /əbˈzɝvənt/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, clock /klɑk/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل argue, punch, silly.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.