跟读练习: Three Ways to Destroy the Universe - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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One day the universe will die.
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One day the universe will die.
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But why? And how? And will the universe be dead forever?
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And how do we know that?
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First of all, the universe is expanding.
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And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating.
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The reason: dark energy.
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Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe.
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Until 1998 we thought that the universe must work a bit like a ball that you throw into the sky.
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The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again.
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But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.
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That’s like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away faster and faster and faster.
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Where is this acceleration coming from?
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Well, we don’t know, but we call it “dark energy”.
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Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid.
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Now, astrophysicists have decided it is plausible.
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Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don’t actually know what the properties of dark energy are.
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But there are various theories and they lead us to three scenarios for the end of the universe.
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One: the Big Rip.
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Since its birth, the universe has been expanding.
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For unknown reasons new spaces created everywhere equally.
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The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart.
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The space inside galaxies also expands, but here, gravity is strong enough to keep them together.
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In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where space expands so fast that gravity can’t compensate for this effect anymore.
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The result is a Big Rip.
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At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, since space between the single objects expands very fast.
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Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die.
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Their gravity isn’t strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components.
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In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.
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Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband.
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Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore.
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The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won’t be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe.
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Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely!
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Two: Heat death or a Big Freeze.
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In a nutshell, the difference between the Big Rip and heat death is that in a heat death scenario matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation, while the universe expands forever.
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But how does this work? Let’s talk about entropy.
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Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato.
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Initially, it has different regions, but over time, they will cool down and disintegrate, until it’s uniform.
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And this also applies to the universe.
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So, while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matters slowly decays and spreads out.
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At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.
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The remaining suns will die; black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years due to what’s known as Hawking radiation.
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When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles remains, until even this decays.
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All activity in the universe ceases at this point; entropy is at its maximum and the universe is dead forever.
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Unless… theoretically, it might be possible that after an incredibly long amount of time, there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called “quantum tunneling”, leading to a new Big Bang.
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Three: Big Crunch and Big Bounce.
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This is the most uplifting scenario.
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If there is less dark energy than we think or it decreases over time, gravity will be the dominating force in the universe one day.
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In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe will slow down and stop.
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After that, it reverses.
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Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes smaller and smaller.
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Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise everywhere all at once.
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One hundred thousand years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of the most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside.
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Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart, before supermassive black holes devour everything.
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Finally, all black holes would emerge into a supermassive mega-black hole that contains the entire mass of the universe, and in the last moment before the Big Crunch it would devour the universe, including itself.
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The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction.
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Well, wouldn’t that be nice?
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So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?
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At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this “dead forever” stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again.
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We don't know for sure either way, so let’s just assume the most uplifting theory is true.
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By the way, we have a Twitter account.
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Subtitles by the Amara.org community
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为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
在这个关于宇宙终结的有趣视频中，我们可以学习到许多英语口语的技巧和表达方式。通过观看和模仿说话者的发音，你不仅可以提升语言能力，还能加深对复杂概念的理解。使用这种方式进行英语口语练习，有助于提高英语交流能力，尤其是在讨论科学或哲学等专业领域时。这种练习方式也被称为“影子跟读”，这是一种有效的学习方法，能够帮助你掌握语音语调，增强信心，达到流利表达的效果。
语法与表达在语境中
在视频中，有几个关键的语法结构和表达值得注意：
- 将来时态：例如“the universe will die”说明了未来发生的事情，这是描述未来事件的常用方式。
- 被动语态：如“is accelerated”，用于强调动作的接受者，有助于在描述复杂的科学过程时将焦点放在动作上。
- 条件句：例如“unless...”，用于表达假设和条件，帮助说话者描述复杂的理念或理论。
- 不定式和动名词：如“to form stars”和“turning into radiation”，这些结构用于扩展句子，使表达更为丰富。
掌握这些结构对于准备雅思口语练习尤为重要，因为它们能够有效提升你的表达能力。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些发音可能会给学习者带来困难，特别是那些复杂的词汇和特定口音：
- “accelerating”：这个词的重音放在第二个音节，常常被学习者错误地重读成其他音节。
- “gravity” ：注意这个词的发音，尤其是在快速度说的时候，容易出现吞音。
- “black holes”：它的连接发音可能会导致发音不清晰，建议慢慢练习以确保正确发音。
通过识别并练习这些发音陷阱，你将更有信心地使用英语与他人交流，为自己的英语口语练习打下坚实基础。利用“shadowspeaks”资源，将这些技能不断融入你的日常练习中，让自己在英语学习的旅程中更加自如。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。