शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Three Ways to Destroy the Universe - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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One day the universe will die.
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But why? And how? And will the universe be dead forever?
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And how do we know that?
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First of all, the universe is expanding.
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And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating.
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The reason: dark energy.
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Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe.
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Until 1998 we thought that the universe must work a bit like a ball that you throw into the sky.
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The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again.
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But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.
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That’s like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away faster and faster and faster.
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Where is this acceleration coming from?
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Well, we don’t know, but we call it “dark energy”.
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Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid.
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Now, astrophysicists have decided it is plausible.
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Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don’t actually know what the properties of dark energy are.
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But there are various theories and they lead us to three scenarios for the end of the universe.
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One: the Big Rip.
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Since its birth, the universe has been expanding.
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For unknown reasons new spaces created everywhere equally.
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The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart.
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The space inside galaxies also expands, but here, gravity is strong enough to keep them together.
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In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where space expands so fast that gravity can’t compensate for this effect anymore.
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The result is a Big Rip.
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At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, since space between the single objects expands very fast.
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Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die.
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Their gravity isn’t strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components.
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In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.
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Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband.
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Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore.
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The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won’t be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe.
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Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely!
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Two: Heat death or a Big Freeze.
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In a nutshell, the difference between the Big Rip and heat death is that in a heat death scenario matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation, while the universe expands forever.
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But how does this work? Let’s talk about entropy.
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Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato.
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Initially, it has different regions, but over time, they will cool down and disintegrate, until it’s uniform.
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And this also applies to the universe.
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So, while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matters slowly decays and spreads out.
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At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.
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The remaining suns will die; black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years due to what’s known as Hawking radiation.
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When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles remains, until even this decays.
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All activity in the universe ceases at this point; entropy is at its maximum and the universe is dead forever.
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Unless… theoretically, it might be possible that after an incredibly long amount of time, there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called “quantum tunneling”, leading to a new Big Bang.
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Three: Big Crunch and Big Bounce.
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This is the most uplifting scenario.
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If there is less dark energy than we think or it decreases over time, gravity will be the dominating force in the universe one day.
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In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe will slow down and stop.
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After that, it reverses.
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Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes smaller and smaller.
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Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise everywhere all at once.
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One hundred thousand years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of the most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside.
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Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart, before supermassive black holes devour everything.
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Finally, all black holes would emerge into a supermassive mega-black hole that contains the entire mass of the universe, and in the last moment before the Big Crunch it would devour the universe, including itself.
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The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction.
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Well, wouldn’t that be nice?
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So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?
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At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this “dead forever” stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again.
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We don't know for sure either way, so let’s just assume the most uplifting theory is true.
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By the way, we have a Twitter account.
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Subtitles by the Amara.org community
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क्यों इस वीडियो के साथ बोलने का अभ्यास करें?
जब आप इस वीडियो को देखते हैं, तो आप न केवल ब्रह्मांड के अंत की जटिलताओं के बारे में जानेंगे, बल्कि आपकी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमताओं में भी सुधार होगा। यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें का यह तरीका आपको अनूठा अनुभव प्रदान करता है जहाँ आप वैज्ञानिक विषयों को समझते हुए अपनी भाषा कौशल को मजबूत कर सकते हैं। इस वीडियो में निहित विचारों और विषयों पर चर्चा करने से आपकी संचार कौशल में वृद्धि होगी, जिससे आप अधिक प्रभावी ढंग से संवाद कर सकेंगे।
व्याकरण और संदर्भ में अभिव्यक्तियाँ
इस वीडियो में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण व्याकरणिक संरचनाएँ और अभिव्यक्तियाँ हैं जो सीखने में मदद कर सकती हैं:
- “What if...”: यह संरचना संभावनाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए उपयोग की जाती है, जिससे आप वार्तालाप में अपने विचारों को व्यक्त कर सकते हैं।
- “For unknown reasons...”: इस अभिव्यक्ति का उपयोग किसी घटना के कारण को स्पष्ट करने के लिए किया जाता है।
- “At this point...”: यह वाक्यांश समय के संदर्भ में बात करने में मदद करता है, और आपका विचार स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करता है।
- “Can’t compensate for...”: जैसे-जैसे आप अपने विचारों को व्यक्त करने के लिए जटिल वाक्य बनाते हैं, यह अभिव्यक्ति मदद करती है।
इन संरचनाओं का अभ्यास करने से आप अपनी अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास कर सकते हैं और अधिक आत्मविश्वासी बन सकते हैं।
आम उच्चारण ट्रैप
इस वीडियो में कुछ शब्द और वाक्यांश हो सकते हैं जो उच्चारण में कठिनाई पैदा कर सकते हैं:
- “Dark energy”: इस शब्द को सही तरीके से उच्चारित करना महत्वपूर्ण है, खासकर “dark” के ‘d’ ध्वनि को सही से बोलना।
- “Acceleration”: यह शब्द अक्सर गलत उच्चारित होता है; इसे अभ्यास के माध्यम से सुधारना आवश्यक है।
- “Entropy”: इस वैज्ञानिक शब्द का सही उच्चारण सुनकर और फिर बोलकर सीखें।
इन शब्दों का सही उच्चारण आपके shadow speak कौशल को बेहतर बनाएगा और आपकी संचार क्षमता को बढ़ाएगा। नियमित अभ्यास के साथ, आप इन उच्चारण क्षमताओं में महारत हासिल कर सकते हैं और अधिक प्रभावी ढंग से संवाद कर सकते हैं।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are torn · be affected · is converted |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have decided · has happened |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।