跟读练习: What toys have kids played with throughout history? - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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The year is 100 CE, and 11-year-old Julia Lucilla is playing with her ivory doll Pompeia.
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The year is 100 CE, and 11-year-old Julia Lucilla is playing with her ivory doll Pompeia.
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Named after the Roman Emperor Trajan’s wife, Pompeia is only 20 centimeters tall, with joints at her arms, legs, knees, and elbows, and a bevy of miniature clothes and accessories.
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With her doll in hand, Julia hosts elaborate dinner parties, helps Aeneas escape Troy, and accompanies her father on work trips to Egypt.
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This ancient scene is likely familiar to any modern parent, and that’s because kids have been going on imaginary adventures with their toys for thousands of years.
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While the most common ancient playthings would likely have been sticks and rocks, evidence of their use for play is archaeologically invisible.
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However, archaeologists have found material, visual, and written evidence for toys across the ancient world.
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In Anatolia circa 3000 BCE, miniature toy carriages raced through the dirt at the hands of energetic youngsters.
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A thousand years later, in the Indus Valley, a toddler giggled gleefully at the chirping sound created by their dove-shaped terracotta whistle.
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Alongside whistles and wheeled toys, dolls are another common ancient plaything, though they can be a little harder to identify.
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While some archaeologists think ancient female figurines found across Afro-Eurasia may have been children’s toys, others believe them to be sacred fertility idols.
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But we do know dolls like Pompeia were popular in Greece and Rome, with hair and clothes designed to reflect changing adult fashions.
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And thousands of years later in the Arctic, Inuit children carried fur-clad dolls carved of wood or walrus tusk.
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But perhaps the most common ancient toy is the humble ball.
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Thousands of years ago, children in ancient Egypt, China, Greece, and Mesoamerica kicked and threw balls made of everything from leather and linen to papyrus and palm fiber.
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The rules for most of their games have been lost to time, however some kids may have imitated adult games we know more about.
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For example, ancient Greek children might have played episkuros, a team sport where players competed to push their opponents outside the pitch by hurling the ball as far as possible.
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Meanwhile, Mesoamerican kids might have played a game where players try to hit a rubber ball through a hoop using only their hips.
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Then again, in some cultures, this game had religious significance, so it's possible those children steered clear of this sacred sport.
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In any case, rougher, physical play was often limited by ancient gender expectations, with young girls being left out of rowdier ball games in Rome and Egypt.
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Spartan girls circa 400 CE did engage in the same rigorous physical activities as boys, but largely because adults believed it would strengthen their bodies for childbearing.
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Fortunately, this wasn’t the only reason ancient adults encouraged kids to play.
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Athenian philosopher Plato observed that toys like building blocks and miniature farming implements were useful tools for learning the skills needed in adulthood.
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That said, many ancient cultures expected children to give up their games and toys as they grew up.
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A common Roman phrase described a child “giving up nuts” when taking up their adult responsibilities since nuts were used in a variety of simple games.
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And young Roman girls left their dolls as offerings to the gods as part of preparing for their wedding.
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However, other childhood games resembled those men and women continued to enjoy into adulthood.
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One, called knucklebones, was popular across the ancient Mediterranean.
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Usually crafted from the ankle bones of sheep or pigs, they could be used as jacks or dice, with different faces earning different point values.
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In addition to games of chance, ancient adults played a variety of strategic board games, which may have been introduced during childhood.
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Some particularly well-recorded examples include the Royal Game of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia, Go in China, Senet in Egypt, and Ludus latrunculorum— or, the Game of Soldiers— in Rome.
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Today, playful kids follow the same instincts as their ancient ancestors.
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They continue to make up ball games, invent stories for their favorite dolls, and send toy cars skittering across the floor.
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Because the simplest kinds of play never get old.
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背景与上下文
本视频通过描述历史上不同年代孩子们玩具的演变，引导我们回顾了儿童玩耍的重要性。比如，11岁的朱莉亚正在用象牙娃娃Pompeia进行虚构的晚宴派对，这点与现代父母的育儿观念十分相似。通过玩具，孩子们不仅能激发想象力，还能模仿成人的日常生活，学习基本的社交技能。
提升英语发音的五个短语
- imaginary adventures（虚构冒险）
- miniature clothes and accessories（微型衣物和配饰）
- rougher, physical play（粗犷的身体游戏）
- strategic board games（策略棋盘游戏）
- give up their games and toys（放弃他们的游戏和玩具）
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要有效地提高您的英语发音和口语能力，建议您采取以下步骤：
- 在观看视频时，先注意以下短语的使用上下文。这将帮助您理解它们如何在日常交流中应用。
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- 通过分享您的练习经验，记录您的进展，这不仅能增强记忆，还能鼓励您坚持下去。
适当的练习结合对历史文化的理解，可以让您在使用英语时更加自信。通过看YouTube学英语释放你潜在的英语能力，尤其中提到的儿童玩具和游戏不仅是历史的一部分，也是学习语言的乐趣所在。
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