跟读练习: What would happen if you didn’t sleep? - Claudia Aguirre - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours.
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In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours.
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That's 11 days to see how he'd cope without sleep.
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On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing.
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Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch.
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By day three, Gardner was moody and uncoordinated.
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At the end of the experiment, he was struggling to concentrate, had trouble with short-term memory, became paranoid, and started hallucinating.
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Although Gardner recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage, for others, losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and, in extreme cases, death.
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We're only beginning to understand why we sleep to begin with, but we do know it's essential.
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Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night, and adolescents need about ten.
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We grow sleepy due to signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us it's dark outside.
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The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals, like adenosine and melatonin, send us into a light doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax.
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This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead.
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In the United States, it's estimated that 30% of adults and 66% of adolescents are regularly sleep-deprived.
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This isn't just a minor inconvenience.
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Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm.
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When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction time are affected.
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Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation, halluciations, high blood pressure, and it's even been linked to diabetes and obesity.
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In 2014, a devoted soccer fan died after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup.
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While his untimely death was due to a stroke, studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night increases stroke risk by four and half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shuteye.
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For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation, sleeplessness is a daily reality.
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This condition, known as Fatal Familial Insomnia, places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness, forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep.
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Within months or years, this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia and death.
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How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering?
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Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste prducts in the brain.
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During our waking hours, our cells are busy using up our day's energy sources, which get broken down into various byproducts, including adenosine.
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As adenosine builds up, it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure.
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In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.
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Other waste products also build up in the brain, and if they're not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain and are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.
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So, what's happening in our brain when we sleep to prevent this?
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Scientists found something called the glymphatic system, a clean-up mechanism that removes this buildup and is much more active when we're asleep.
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It works by using cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic byproducts that accumulate between cells.
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Lymphatic vessels, which serve as pathways for immune cells, have recently been discovered in the brain, and they may also play a role in clearing out the brain's daily waste products.
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While scientists continue exploring the restorative mechanisms behind sleep, we can be sure that slipping into slumber is a necessity if we want to maintain our health and our sanity.
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为什么要通过这个视频练习口语？
在这段关于睡眠的重要性的视频中，观看者不仅能获取有趣的科学信息，还可以练习自己的英语口语。通过模仿演讲者的表达方式，学习者能够提高自己的发音和语言流畅度。使用这个视频进行雅思口语练习，可以帮助学生理解如何有效地组织信息，并在讨论健康话题时，增强自信心与表达能力。此外，跟随视频进行“英语影子跟读”训练，可以在潜意识中吸收新的词汇与句式，为日后的英语交流打下良好基础。
语法与表达在语境中的运用
- 被动语态：视频中提到“30%的成年人和66%的青少年常常缺乏睡眠”，这里使用了被动语态来强调状态而非主体，适合讨论健康和社会问题的场合。
- 条件句：演讲者提到“如果没有睡眠，会导致严重的身体伤害”的情况，这种条件句结构有助于表达因果关系，对于提升英语口语也非常有用。
- 时间状语从句：在描述科学发现时，使用“在我们清醒的时候”等时间状语，可以帮助学习者在叙述时让事件的时间关系更加明确。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些单词和短语很容易让学习者感到困惑。例如，"hallucinating"（产生幻觉）这个词的发音较为复杂，容易被误读。建议通过提高英语发音的练习来纠正发音。此外，像“inflammation”（炎症）和“accumulate”（积累）这些单词，在连读时可能会导致发音不清晰，进行“shadowspeak”训练时要特别注意。在模仿演讲者的语调和重音时，学习者可以有效提升口语能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。