تدريب Shadowing: A Good Night's Sleep | World Health Day | practice English with Spotlight - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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Welcome to Spotlight.
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I'm Colin Lowther.
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And I'm Liz Waid.
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Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.
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It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
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A man and a woman are in bed.
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The man is sleeping.
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He went to sleep as soon as he got into bed.
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He snores loudly.
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He has no difficulty falling asleep.
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And he always sleeps well, all night.
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The woman lies next to him.
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But she is not sleeping.
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She feels tired.
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But she cannot sleep.
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She lies on her back.
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She turns and lies on her side.
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Then she turns to her other side.
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Still she cannot sleep.
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And still he sleeps and snores.
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He always sleeps well at night.
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And she always finds it difficult to go to sleep.
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Many people experience problems with sleep.
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Some people find it difficult to go to sleep.
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Some find that they are often awake in the middle of the night.
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Some people even take medicine to make them go to sleep.
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Sleep is important for everyone.
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And better sleep improves people's minds and bodies.
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Today's Spotlight is on a good night's sleep.
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All humans have a basic need to sleep.
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And we normally sleep at night.
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Our bodies have a kind of clock in them that is linked to daylight.
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When it gets dark, our bodies prepare for sleep.
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And scientists have discovered that our bodies change during sleep.
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Our heart rate and body temperature both drop.
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Our brain waves change too.
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We experience about five different cycles or periods of sleep each night.
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Each cycle lasts about an hour and a half.
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In each sleep cycle, we experience different sorts of sleep.
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Non-REM and REM are the main sorts of sleep.
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REM stands for rapid eye movement.
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In non-REM sleep our eyes do not move much.
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But in REM sleep our eyes move quickly.
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We also dream most during REM sleep.
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But how much sleep do people need?
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An average adult needs about seven or eight hours of sleep every night.
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But everyone is a little different.
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Some people need more sleep.
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Some people need less.
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Scientists have discovered that our genes can affect how much we need to sleep.
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About 10% of people need 9 or 10 hours of sleep.
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Other people are fine with 3 to 6 hours of sleep.
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If people do not get enough sleep, they can suffer both physically and mentally.
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They may feel tired and angry or annoyed.
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They cannot remember things or solve problems as easily.
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They can make mistakes in their work.
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Sleep is also important for a person's health.
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Lack of sleep can make people sick and increase the risk of heart disease or stroke.
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In extreme cases, people can even die because of a total lack of sleep.
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Different cultures have different sleep traditions.
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In some cultures, it is normal to sleep alone or with a husband or wife.
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But in other cultures, people sleep with their family or even in big social or community groups.
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In Spain, people have a tradition of a siesta, or short sleep, in the afternoon.
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People in Egypt also have an afternoon sleep called ta'asila.
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Some tribes in Botswana and Zaire sleep when they feel like it.
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At any time of the day or night,
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people who live in Japan sleep less at night than people in many other countries.
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But the Japanese have developed a tradition of sleeping at work.
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They take very short sleeps or naps called inemuri.
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History can also teach us about sleep traditions.
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Roger E.
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Kirch is an historian at Virginia Tech in the United States.
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He researched how people slept in the past.
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He examined hundreds of old documents.
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And he discovered that people used to sleep in a different way from most people today.
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In the past, people slept in two separate periods during the night.
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They called the two periods of sleep first sleep and second sleep.
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In these two sleeps, they were awake for one or two hours.
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Ekirch believes that this way of sleeping started to change when people began using street lights and lights in homes.
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Lights caused people to stay up late.
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They no longer had time for two sleeps.
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People forgot about first sleep and second sleep.
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But some people still have a period of being awake in the middle of the night.
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They can think that they have a sleep problem. But experts like E.
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Kerch think that this may just be a natural way to sleep.
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E. Kerch told the Huffington Post,
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People who suffer from middle-of-the-night sleeplessness should understand something.
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Seen from history, their sleep may well be completely normal.
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So it may be frustrating.
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But if you wake in the night, you may not have a sleep problem.
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You may just sleep more like your ancestors.
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There are many other common sleep problems.
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Experts say that there are many reasons for poor sleep.
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But they also advise how to create good conditions for sleep.
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They say you should make sure that the place where you are sleeping is dark.
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Melatonin is a chemical produced by the body.
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This chemical helps control sleep.
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Melatonin reacts with light.
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That is why people find it much harder to go to sleep in a light room.
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The blue light from modern technology is a particular problem.
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Professor Charles Saistler of Harvard told the BBC,
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Light most powerfully influences your body clock.
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Being near light, especially short wavelength bluish light at night,
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will reset our body clock to a later hour.
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This will delay the release of the sleep-encouraging chemical melatonin.
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This will make it more difficult for us to get up in the morning.
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Experts also say you should make sure that where you sleep is not too hot or cold.
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Your body has a natural drop in temperature when you go to sleep.
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So if you move from a warm room to a cool room to sleep,
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you will help that natural process.
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You should prepare for bedtime and create a calm atmosphere.
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With a good night's sleep, you can have a good day.
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Do you sleep well at night?
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Or do you have sleep problems?
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What do you do to help you get a good night's sleep?
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Tell us about it.
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You can leave a comment on our website.
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Or email us at radio at radioenglish.net.
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You can also comment on Facebook at facebook.com slash spotlightradio.
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The writer of this program was Katie Blake.
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The producer was Bruce Gullen.
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The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States.
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All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight.
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You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net.
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This program is called A Good Night's Sleep.
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Look for our free listening app in the Google Play Store and in iTunes.
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We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program.
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Goodbye.
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you
لماذا ممارسة التحدث مع هذا الفيديو؟
يعتبر النوم الجيد جزءاً أساسياً من حياتنا اليومية وصحتنا العامة. في هذا الفيديو، يُستعرض بشكل جذاب كيفية تأثير النوم على أجسامنا وعقولنا. من خلال التعرف على محتوى الفيديو وممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية، يمكن للمتعلمين تحسين مهاراتهم اللغوية بشكل كبير. يتيح لك الفيديو فرصة تعلم الإنجليزية مع يوتيوب بطريقة تفاعلية، حيث يمكنك استغلال سياق النوم والمشاكل المرتبطة به لممارسة ممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكنك استخدام تقنية shadow speak لتكرار العبارات والنطق بدقة، مما يساعدك في تطوير لهجتك وثقتك بنفسك عند التحدث باللغة الإنجليزية.
النحو والتعبيرات في السياق
- يذهب إلى النوم: "He went to sleep as soon as he got into bed." تعبير يشير إلى كيفية الدخول في حالة النوم بسرعة.
- يعاني من صعوبة في النوم: "She always finds it difficult to go to sleep." يستخدم هذا التركيب لإظهار التحديات التي تواجهها العديد من الأشخاص أثناء النوم.
- تستعد أجسادنا للنوم: "Our bodies prepare for sleep." يتناول هذا التعبير التغيرات الفسيولوجية التي تحدث عند اقتراب الليل.
من خلال دراسة هذه العبارات، يمكنك تعزيز مهاراتك اللغوية وإثراء مفرداتك بشكل فعال. حاول استخدام تقنية shadowspeak لتكرار العبارات وفهم كيفية استخدامها في السياقات المختلفة.
فخاخ النطق الشائعة
يحتوي الفيديو على بعض الكلمات التي قد تكون صعبة النطق للمتعلمين. على سبيل المثال، كلمات مثل "snore" و"REM sleep" يمكن أن تكون تحديًا. تأكد من التركيز على النطق السليم لكل منها. يمكن أن تساعدك ممارسة النطق في تحسين فهمك للغة المنطوقة. من خلال تكرار الكلمات والإشارات الصوتية في الفيديو، يمكنك تحسين نطقك واكتساب المزيد من الثقة عند التحدث.
أخيرًا، تذكر أنه كلما قمت بممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية بشكل يومي، كلما أصبحت أكثر إتقانًا. استمتع بالتعلم وابقَ متحمسًا!
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.