تدريب Shadowing: The ENTIRE History of WW2 Explained - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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236 جمل
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1
World War II killed roughly 70 million people.
تسببت الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقتل ما يقرب من 70 مليون شخص.
2
It was the deadliest conflict in human history.
لقد كان الصراع الأكثر دموية في تاريخ البشرية.
3
But the whole thing happened because the countries
لكن الأمر برمته حدث لأن الدول
4
that won World War I punished Germany so badly
التي فازت في الحرب العالمية الأولى وعاقبت ألمانيا بشدة
5
that a failed Austrian art student was able to talk an entire nation into trying again.
أن طالب فنون نمساوي فاشل تمكن من إقناع أمة بأكملها بالمحاولة مرة أخرى.
6
Yeah, a guy who couldn't get into art school nearly took over the world.
نعم، رجل لم يتمكن من الالتحاق بمدرسة الفنون كاد أن يسيطر على العالم.
7
An entire army built out of rubber
جيش كامل مبني من المطاط
8
and plywood fooled the Germans about the biggest invasion in history
وخدعت الألواح الخشبية الرقائقية الألمان بشأن أكبر غزو في التاريخ
9
nearly two million people died fighting over a single city
لقي ما يقرب من مليوني شخص حتفهم أثناء القتال من أجل مدينة واحدة.
10
because two dictators refused to lose a place with the other man's name on it.
لأن دكتاتورين اثنين رفضا التخلي عن مكان يحمل اسم الرجل الآخر.
11
And the most famous scientist alive signed one single letter
ووقع العالم الأكثر شهرة على قيد الحياة رسالة واحدة فقط
12
that he spent the rest of his life calling the greatest mistake he ever made.
أمضى بقية حياته يصفها بأكبر خطأ ارتكبه على الإطلاق.
13
So, how did we get from a rejected art student to the deadliest war ever fought?
إذن، كيف انتقلنا من طالب فنون مرفوض إلى أخطر حرب خاضها البشر على الإطلاق؟
14
To understand the Second World War, you first have to understand the first one.
لفهم الحرب العالمية الثانية، عليك أولاً أن تفهم الحرب العالمية الأولى.
15
The Treaty of Versailles had gutted Germany.
لقد أضعفت معاهدة فرساي ألمانيا بشدة.
16
They lost 13% of their territory.
لقد خسروا 13% من أراضيهم.
17
They lost all their colonies, their military was capped at 100,000 men, no tanks, no air force, no submarines.
لقد خسروا جميع مستعمراتهم، وكان حجم جيشهم محدوداً بـ 100 ألف جندي، بدون دبابات، وبدون قوات جوية، وبدون غواصات.
18
And they owed 132 billion gold marks in reparations.
وكانوا مدينين بـ 132 مليار مارك ذهبي كتعويضات حرب.
19
Then, in 1929, the Embers got their heir.
ثم، في عام 1929، حصلت عائلة إيمبرز على وريثها.
20
The Great Depression swept across the world, and Germany, already buried in debt, collapsed.
اجتاح الكساد العظيم العالم، وانهارت ألمانيا التي كانت غارقة بالفعل في الديون.
21
Banks failed, millions lost their jobs overnight, people were burning banknotes in their stoves because the paper was worth less than firewood.
فشلت البنوك، وفقد الملايين وظائفهم في ليلة واحدة، وكان الناس يحرقون الأوراق النقدية في مواقدهم لأن قيمة الورق كانت أقل من قيمة الحطب.
22
And when people are starving, humiliated, and furious, they start listening to anyone who promises to make them great again.
وعندما يكون الجياع مهانين وغاضبين، يبدأون بالاستماع إلى أي شخص يعد بأن يجعلهم عظماء مرة أخرى.
23
Enter Adolf Hitler, a former corporal who blamed Germany's defeat on Jews and communists and promised to restore the country to greatness.
24
In January 1933, he was appointed chancellor.
25
Within two months, he passed a law that gave him absolute power.
26
The vote was 444 to 94.
27
German democracy was dead.
28
Then Hitler started breaking every rule in the treaty.
29
In 1936, he sent troops into the Rheinland right here.
30
If France had pushed back, the whole thing might have been over before it started.
31
But France and Britain did nothing.
32
In March 1938, he annexed Austria over here.
33
France and Britain did nothing.
34
Then he demanded a chunk of Czechoslovakia right here called the Sudentenland.
35
Germany demands a Sudentenland.
36
That's a big chunk of Czechoslovakia.
37
There are Germans living there.
38
They belong to us.
39
And if we agree, will you stop?
40
This is my last territorial demand in Europe.
41
You have my word.
42
Then we have a deal.
43
Wonderful.
44
Should we ask Czechoslovakia what they think?
45
Nah.
46
The Chamberlain went home and told everyone he had secured peace for our time.
47
Six months later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway.
48
His word was worth nothing.
49
Winston Churchill called the Munich Agreement a total and unmitigated disaster.
50
He was right.
51
Meanwhile, over in Asia, Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and landed a full-scale war against China in 1937.
52
And down here, Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
53
The League of Nations said, that's not okay.
54
Then they did absolutely nothing about it.
55
Three aggressive countries, three weak responses.
56
Now, in August 1939, something happened that nobody saw coming.
57
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a secret deal.
58
We both know we're gonna fight each other eventually.
59
Obviously!
60
But not yet.
61
Let's agree to leave each other alone.
62
What about Poland?
63
We split it.
64
You take the east, we take the west.
65
And the Baltics?
66
Take them.
67
Deal!
68
Poland looked at a map and realized it had a very big problem.
69
On September 1st, 1939, Germany invaded Poland with roughly 1.5 million troops.
70
The Soviet Union invaded from the east on September 17th.
71
Poland fell in about five weeks.
72
Get out of Poland! Or what?
73
Or we're at war!
74
Over Poland?
75
You can't be serious.
76
We have a treaty!
77
A treaty?
78
Right.
79
Because that worked so well last time.
80
Britain and France declared war.
81
World War II had officially begun.
82
But then, for months, almost nothing happened.
83
The French sat behind their Maginot Line right here.
84
People called it the Phony War.
85
It didn't stay quiet for long.
86
In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.
87
Denmark fell in six hours.
88
Six hours.
89
That's not even a full work day.
90
Then on May 10th, Germany attacked France, Belgium, and the Netherlands all at once.
91
The French expected the attack through Belgium up here, but the real thrust came through the Ardennes forest right here.
92
A route the French thought was impossible for tanks.
93
German ponsors raced to the English Channel in ten days and cut the Allied armies in half.
94
The French had built the most expensive wall in Europe, and the Germans just went around it.
95
The British army was trapped at Dunkirk.
96
Over nine days, a fleet of warships, fishing boats, and private yachts evacuated 338,000 troops.
97
Churchill warned that wars are not won by evacuations.
98
France fell in six weeks.
99
Hitler made them sign the surrender in the exact same railway car where Germany had surrendered in 1918.
100
That was deliberate.
101
Now Britain stood alone.
102
Hitler sent the Luftwaffe to destroy the Royal Air Force before invading.
103
But the British had radar, the Spitfire, and a Prime Minister who was not interested in making deals.
104
We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets.
105
We shall never surrender.
106
The Luftwaffe lost nearly 1900 aircraft.
107
Hitler shelved his invasion plans.
108
First time anyone had told Hitler no. Now it's 1941, and Hitler made the decision that would cost him everything.
109
On June 22nd, he tore up his pact with Stalin and launched the largest invasion in human history.
110
Over 3 million German soldiers poured into the Soviet Union.
111
Army Group North headed for Leningrad up here, Army Group Center aimed for Moscow right here, and Army Group South drove into Ukraine down here.
112
Sir, Russia is enormous.
113
We need to focus on Moscow.
114
We will take Moscow, Leningrad, and Ukraine.
115
All of them.
116
All at once?
117
The Soviet Union is a rotten structure.
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Kick in the door and the whole thing will come crashing down.
119
The whole thing did not come crashing down.
120
The Germans advanced hundreds of miles, but the Soviets kept fielding new armies.
121
Then, winter hit.
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German soldiers froze in summer uniforms within 20 miles of Moscow.
123
Germany suffered over 750,000 casualties.
124
The quick knockout was never coming.
125
Up here, Leningrad was surrounded and starved for 872 days.
126
Roughly 1.5 million people died.
127
Supplies came in across a frozen lake they called the Road to Life.
128
Meanwhile, on the other side of the planet, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
129
Japanese planes sank or damaged 19 warships and killed 2,403 Americans.
130
The battleship Arizona took 1177 men with her.
131
Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked.
132
America declared war.
133
and Italy declared war on America three days later.
134
Now, the whole world was fighting.
135
With the American fleet crippled, Japan conquered the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, and Burma in six months.
136
Singapore was the largest British surrender in history.
137
So what stopped them?
138
Now it's 1942.
139
American codebreakers cracked Japan's plans to attack Midway Island right here.
140
In one afternoon, dive bombers sank four Japanese carriers.
141
The core of the fleet that had attacked Pearl Harbor was gone.
142
Midway was the turning point.
143
Japan would never go on the offensive again.
144
But winning the Pacific took three more years of brutal island hopping.
145
At Iwo Jima, nearly all of 21,000 Japanese defenders died.
146
At Okinawa, roughly 12,000 Americans, 90,000 Japanese soldiers and 100,000 civilians were killed.
147
That carnage would shape one of the biggest decisions of the entire war.
148
But while the Pacific was turning, the decisive turning point in Europe was happening back in Russia, at Stalingrad right here.
149
Hitler sent his 6th army partly for strategy, but mostly because the city had Stalin's name on it.
150
Soldiers fought room by room, floor by floor.
151
Germany took 90% of the city.
152
Then, the Soviets launched Operation Uranus, smashed through the flanks, and surrounded the entire army.
153
Sir, the 6th Army has to break out now.
154
No, I will not leave the Volga.
155
But sir, the army will starve.
156
Göring, can the Luftwaffe supply them by air?
157
Absolutely.
158
300 tons a day, no problem.
159
See?
160
The Luftwaffe will handle it.
161
Spoiler, the Luftwaffe delivered an average of 94 tons a day.
162
Göring had made a promise with other people's planes and other people's lives.
163
On February 2nd, 1943, the survivors surrendered.
164
Out of 91,000 captured, only about 5,000 ever made it home.
165
Combined casualties approached 2 million.
166
Stalingrad broke something in the German war machine that never got fixed.
167
And Stalingrad wasn't the only place the Axis was falling apart.
168
Down in North Africa, the Allies trapped Rommel's forces between two armies.
169
A quarter million Axis soldiers surrendered.
170
Then, the Allies invaded Sicily.
171
We arrested Mussolini.
172
We're switching sides.
173
You're switching sides?
174
We're allies.
175
We were allies.
176
Now we're surrendering to the other guys.
177
That's not how this works.
178
That's exactly how this works.
179
Arrivederci.
180
Germany rushed troops in.
181
The fighting in Italy ground on for almost two more years.
182
So how do you invade a continent that knows you're coming?
183
Now it's 1944, and the allies were planning the biggest invasion in history.
184
But first, they had to make sure the Germans were looking the wrong way.
185
So they built an entire fake army.
186
Inflatable rubber tanks, plywood aircraft, and fake radio signals, all designed to convince Hitler
187
that the real invasion would hit Pas-de-Calais up here instead of Normandy down here.
188
They even put General Patton in charge of it to make it believable.
189
It worked.
190
Even after D-Day began, Hitler held back his reserves because he thought Normandy was a distraction.
191
On June 6th, D-Day, roughly 156,000 troops, stormed five beaches in Normandy right here.
192
7,000 ships, 11,000 aircraft.
193
The fighting at Omaha Beach nearly failed.
194
About 2,400 men fell on that one beach alone.
195
Eisenhower had written a note taking full blame in case the invasion failed.
196
He never had to send it.
197
The Allies liberated Paris by late August.
198
It felt like the war might be over by Christmas.
199
It wasn't.
200
In December, Hitler threw 200,000 soldiers into a desperate counterattack through the Ardennes right here,
201
the same forest that had won him France four years earlier.
202
The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest single battle America fought in the war, but Germany burned through everything it had left.
203
After the there was nothing between the Allies and Berlin but time.
204
Now it's 1945 and Germany was being crushed from both sides.
205
The Soviets pushed through Poland over here, the Western Allies crossed the Rhein River over here, and as the armies advanced,
206
they discovered the full horror of what had been happening behind the lines.
207
Concentration camps, death camps, gas chambers, the Nazis had systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews and millions of others.
208
Soldiers who had fought across Europe for years said nothing had prepared them for what they found.
209
The Soviets attacked Berlin with over two and a half million soldiers.
210
The city was reduced to rubble.
211
On April 30th, Hitler shot himself in his bunker.
212
The man who promised an empire that would last a thousand years had lasted twelve.
213
On May 8th, Germany surrendered.
214
People danced in the streets of London and New York, but Japan was still fighting.
215
Back in 1939, Albert Einstein had signed a letter warning President Roosevelt that Germany might be able to build an atomic bomb.
216
That single letter launched the Manhattan Project, a secret program that employed over a hundred thousand people and cost two billion dollars.
217
After the bloodbath at Okinawa, American planners estimated that invading Japan could cost hundreds of thousands of lives,
218
so the United States used the weapon that Einstein's letter had helped create.
219
On August 6th, 1945, a B-29 dropped an atomic bomb called Little Boy on Hiroshima.
220
It killed an estimated 80,000 people instantly.
221
Three days later, a second bomb called Fat Man hit Nagasaki.
222
On August 15th, the Emperor told his people the war was over.
223
The formal surrender was signed on the USS Missouri on September 2nd, 1945.
224
World War II was finally over.
225
Roughly 70 to 85 million dead.
226
More than 50 nations at war.
227
The United Nations was created to prevent it from happening again.
228
Germany was split in two, and the countries that defeated Hitler were now pointing nuclear weapons at each other.
229
The Cold War had begun.
230
The whole thing started with a failed art student who convinced an entire nation to try again.
231
Six years later, between 70 and 85 million people were dead.
232
Einstein lived another 10 years, and he never stopped thinking about the letter that helped bring the atomic bomb into the world.
233
He called it the greatest mistake of his life.
234
The war ended, the weapon didn't.
235
If you'd rather listen than watch, whether you're cooking, driving, working, gaming, or falling asleep, we're on Spotify too.
236
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تنزيل التطبيق

كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 236 جملة و2161 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 13:42. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 158 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 80% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
surrender فعل/səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/اِسْتَسْلَمَ
invade فعل/ɪnˈveɪd/غَزَا, اِجْتاحَ
ally اسم/ˈæl.aɪ/حَلِيف, حَلِيفَة
invasion اسم/ɪnˈveɪʒən/غَزْو, إِغَارَة
treaty اسم/ˈtɹiti/مُعَاهَدَة, مُقَاوَلَة
fleet اسم/ˈfliːt/أُسْطُول
atomic صفة/əˈtɑː.mɪk/نَوَوِيّ, ذَرِّيّ
starve فعل/stɑɹv/مَاتَ جَوْعًا
meanwhile ظرف/ˈmiːnwaɪl/أَمَّا
trap اسم/tɹæp/فَخّ, مِصْيَدَة
ton اسم/tʌn/طُن
convince فعل/kənˈvɪns/أَقْنَعَ
rubber اسم/ˈɹʌbɚ/مَطَّاط
sink فعل/ˈsɪŋk/غَطَسَ
freeze فعل/ˈfɹiːz/تَجَمَّدَ

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 17 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل we're, you're, didn't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “th”: thrust /θɹʌst/, bloodbath /ˈblʌdˌbæθ/
  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل surrender, invade, ally.

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهwas capped · was appointed · was trapped
جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيءguy who couldn · anyone who promises · date which will

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →