쉐도잉 연습: The ENTIRE History of WW2 Explained - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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World War II killed roughly 70 million people.
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It was the deadliest conflict in human history.
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But the whole thing happened because the countries
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that won World War I punished Germany so badly
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that a failed Austrian art student was able to talk an entire nation into trying again.
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Yeah, a guy who couldn't get into art school nearly took over the world.
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An entire army built out of rubber
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and plywood fooled the Germans about the biggest invasion in history
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nearly two million people died fighting over a single city
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because two dictators refused to lose a place with the other man's name on it.
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And the most famous scientist alive signed one single letter
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that he spent the rest of his life calling the greatest mistake he ever made.
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So, how did we get from a rejected art student to the deadliest war ever fought?
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To understand the Second World War, you first have to understand the first one.
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The Treaty of Versailles had gutted Germany.
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They lost 13% of their territory.
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They lost all their colonies, their military was capped at 100,000 men, no tanks, no air force, no submarines.
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And they owed 132 billion gold marks in reparations.
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Then, in 1929, the Embers got their heir.
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The Great Depression swept across the world, and Germany, already buried in debt, collapsed.
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Banks failed, millions lost their jobs overnight, people were burning banknotes in their stoves because the paper was worth less than firewood.
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And when people are starving, humiliated, and furious, they start listening to anyone who promises to make them great again.
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Enter Adolf Hitler, a former corporal who blamed Germany's defeat on Jews and communists and promised to restore the country to greatness.
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In January 1933, he was appointed chancellor.
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Within two months, he passed a law that gave him absolute power.
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The vote was 444 to 94.
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German democracy was dead.
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Then Hitler started breaking every rule in the treaty.
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In 1936, he sent troops into the Rheinland right here.
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If France had pushed back, the whole thing might have been over before it started.
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But France and Britain did nothing.
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In March 1938, he annexed Austria over here.
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France and Britain did nothing.
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Then he demanded a chunk of Czechoslovakia right here called the Sudentenland.
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Germany demands a Sudentenland.
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That's a big chunk of Czechoslovakia.
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There are Germans living there.
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They belong to us.
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And if we agree, will you stop?
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This is my last territorial demand in Europe.
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You have my word.
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Then we have a deal.
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Wonderful.
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Should we ask Czechoslovakia what they think?
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Nah.
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The Chamberlain went home and told everyone he had secured peace for our time.
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Six months later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway.
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His word was worth nothing.
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Winston Churchill called the Munich Agreement a total and unmitigated disaster.
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He was right.
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Meanwhile, over in Asia, Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and landed a full-scale war against China in 1937.
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And down here, Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
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The League of Nations said, that's not okay.
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Then they did absolutely nothing about it.
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Three aggressive countries, three weak responses.
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Now, in August 1939, something happened that nobody saw coming.
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Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed a secret deal.
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We both know we're gonna fight each other eventually.
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Obviously!
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But not yet.
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Let's agree to leave each other alone.
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What about Poland?
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We split it.
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You take the east, we take the west.
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And the Baltics?
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Take them.
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Deal!
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Poland looked at a map and realized it had a very big problem.
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On September 1st, 1939, Germany invaded Poland with roughly 1.5 million troops.
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The Soviet Union invaded from the east on September 17th.
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Poland fell in about five weeks.
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Get out of Poland! Or what?
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Or we're at war!
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Over Poland?
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You can't be serious.
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We have a treaty!
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A treaty?
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Right.
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Because that worked so well last time.
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Britain and France declared war.
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World War II had officially begun.
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But then, for months, almost nothing happened.
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The French sat behind their Maginot Line right here.
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People called it the Phony War.
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It didn't stay quiet for long.
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In April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.
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Denmark fell in six hours.
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Six hours.
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That's not even a full work day.
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Then on May 10th, Germany attacked France, Belgium, and the Netherlands all at once.
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The French expected the attack through Belgium up here, but the real thrust came through the Ardennes forest right here.
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A route the French thought was impossible for tanks.
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German ponsors raced to the English Channel in ten days and cut the Allied armies in half.
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The French had built the most expensive wall in Europe, and the Germans just went around it.
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The British army was trapped at Dunkirk.
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Over nine days, a fleet of warships, fishing boats, and private yachts evacuated 338,000 troops.
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Churchill warned that wars are not won by evacuations.
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France fell in six weeks.
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Hitler made them sign the surrender in the exact same railway car where Germany had surrendered in 1918.
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That was deliberate.
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Now Britain stood alone.
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Hitler sent the Luftwaffe to destroy the Royal Air Force before invading.
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But the British had radar, the Spitfire, and a Prime Minister who was not interested in making deals.
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We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets.
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We shall never surrender.
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The Luftwaffe lost nearly 1900 aircraft.
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Hitler shelved his invasion plans.
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First time anyone had told Hitler no. Now it's 1941, and Hitler made the decision that would cost him everything.
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On June 22nd, he tore up his pact with Stalin and launched the largest invasion in human history.
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Over 3 million German soldiers poured into the Soviet Union.
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Army Group North headed for Leningrad up here, Army Group Center aimed for Moscow right here, and Army Group South drove into Ukraine down here.
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Sir, Russia is enormous.
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We need to focus on Moscow.
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We will take Moscow, Leningrad, and Ukraine.
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All of them.
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All at once?
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The Soviet Union is a rotten structure.
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Kick in the door and the whole thing will come crashing down.
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The whole thing did not come crashing down.
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The Germans advanced hundreds of miles, but the Soviets kept fielding new armies.
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Then, winter hit.
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German soldiers froze in summer uniforms within 20 miles of Moscow.
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Germany suffered over 750,000 casualties.
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The quick knockout was never coming.
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Up here, Leningrad was surrounded and starved for 872 days.
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Roughly 1.5 million people died.
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Supplies came in across a frozen lake they called the Road to Life.
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Meanwhile, on the other side of the planet, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
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Japanese planes sank or damaged 19 warships and killed 2,403 Americans.
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The battleship Arizona took 1177 men with her.
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Yesterday, December 7th, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked.
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America declared war.
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and Italy declared war on America three days later.
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Now, the whole world was fighting.
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With the American fleet crippled, Japan conquered the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, and Burma in six months.
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Singapore was the largest British surrender in history.
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So what stopped them?
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Now it's 1942.
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American codebreakers cracked Japan's plans to attack Midway Island right here.
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In one afternoon, dive bombers sank four Japanese carriers.
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The core of the fleet that had attacked Pearl Harbor was gone.
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Midway was the turning point.
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Japan would never go on the offensive again.
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But winning the Pacific took three more years of brutal island hopping.
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At Iwo Jima, nearly all of 21,000 Japanese defenders died.
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At Okinawa, roughly 12,000 Americans, 90,000 Japanese soldiers and 100,000 civilians were killed.
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That carnage would shape one of the biggest decisions of the entire war.
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But while the Pacific was turning, the decisive turning point in Europe was happening back in Russia, at Stalingrad right here.
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Hitler sent his 6th army partly for strategy, but mostly because the city had Stalin's name on it.
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Soldiers fought room by room, floor by floor.
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Germany took 90% of the city.
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Then, the Soviets launched Operation Uranus, smashed through the flanks, and surrounded the entire army.
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Sir, the 6th Army has to break out now.
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No, I will not leave the Volga.
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But sir, the army will starve.
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Göring, can the Luftwaffe supply them by air?
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Absolutely.
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300 tons a day, no problem.
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See?
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The Luftwaffe will handle it.
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Spoiler, the Luftwaffe delivered an average of 94 tons a day.
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Göring had made a promise with other people's planes and other people's lives.
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On February 2nd, 1943, the survivors surrendered.
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Out of 91,000 captured, only about 5,000 ever made it home.
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Combined casualties approached 2 million.
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Stalingrad broke something in the German war machine that never got fixed.
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And Stalingrad wasn't the only place the Axis was falling apart.
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Down in North Africa, the Allies trapped Rommel's forces between two armies.
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A quarter million Axis soldiers surrendered.
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Then, the Allies invaded Sicily.
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We arrested Mussolini.
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We're switching sides.
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You're switching sides?
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We're allies.
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We were allies.
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Now we're surrendering to the other guys.
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That's not how this works.
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That's exactly how this works.
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Arrivederci.
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Germany rushed troops in.
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The fighting in Italy ground on for almost two more years.
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So how do you invade a continent that knows you're coming?
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Now it's 1944, and the allies were planning the biggest invasion in history.
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But first, they had to make sure the Germans were looking the wrong way.
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So they built an entire fake army.
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Inflatable rubber tanks, plywood aircraft, and fake radio signals, all designed to convince Hitler
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that the real invasion would hit Pas-de-Calais up here instead of Normandy down here.
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They even put General Patton in charge of it to make it believable.
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It worked.
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Even after D-Day began, Hitler held back his reserves because he thought Normandy was a distraction.
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On June 6th, D-Day, roughly 156,000 troops, stormed five beaches in Normandy right here.
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7,000 ships, 11,000 aircraft.
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The fighting at Omaha Beach nearly failed.
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About 2,400 men fell on that one beach alone.
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Eisenhower had written a note taking full blame in case the invasion failed.
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He never had to send it.
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The Allies liberated Paris by late August.
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It felt like the war might be over by Christmas.
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It wasn't.
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In December, Hitler threw 200,000 soldiers into a desperate counterattack through the Ardennes right here,
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the same forest that had won him France four years earlier.
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The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest single battle America fought in the war, but Germany burned through everything it had left.
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After the there was nothing between the Allies and Berlin but time.
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Now it's 1945 and Germany was being crushed from both sides.
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The Soviets pushed through Poland over here, the Western Allies crossed the Rhein River over here, and as the armies advanced,
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they discovered the full horror of what had been happening behind the lines.
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Concentration camps, death camps, gas chambers, the Nazis had systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews and millions of others.
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Soldiers who had fought across Europe for years said nothing had prepared them for what they found.
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The Soviets attacked Berlin with over two and a half million soldiers.
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The city was reduced to rubble.
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On April 30th, Hitler shot himself in his bunker.
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The man who promised an empire that would last a thousand years had lasted twelve.
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On May 8th, Germany surrendered.
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People danced in the streets of London and New York, but Japan was still fighting.
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Back in 1939, Albert Einstein had signed a letter warning President Roosevelt that Germany might be able to build an atomic bomb.
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That single letter launched the Manhattan Project, a secret program that employed over a hundred thousand people and cost two billion dollars.
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After the bloodbath at Okinawa, American planners estimated that invading Japan could cost hundreds of thousands of lives,
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so the United States used the weapon that Einstein's letter had helped create.
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On August 6th, 1945, a B-29 dropped an atomic bomb called Little Boy on Hiroshima.
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It killed an estimated 80,000 people instantly.
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Three days later, a second bomb called Fat Man hit Nagasaki.
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On August 15th, the Emperor told his people the war was over.
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The formal surrender was signed on the USS Missouri on September 2nd, 1945.
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World War II was finally over.
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Roughly 70 to 85 million dead.
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More than 50 nations at war.
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The United Nations was created to prevent it from happening again.
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Germany was split in two, and the countries that defeated Hitler were now pointing nuclear weapons at each other.
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The Cold War had begun.
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The whole thing started with a failed art student who convinced an entire nation to try again.
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Six years later, between 70 and 85 million people were dead.
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Einstein lived another 10 years, and he never stopped thinking about the letter that helped bring the atomic bomb into the world.
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He called it the greatest mistake of his life.
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The war ended, the weapon didn't.
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If you'd rather listen than watch, whether you're cooking, driving, working, gaming, or falling asleep, we're on Spotify too.
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Links in the description.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 236개와 단어 2161개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 13:42입니다. 화자는 분당 약 158단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| surrender 동사 | /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ | 항복(降伏)하다, 항복(降服)하다 |
| invade 동사 | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | 침입하다, 침략하다 |
| ally 명사 | /ˈæl.aɪ/ | 동맹국, 아군 |
| invasion 명사 | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | 침입, 침공 |
| treaty 명사 | /ˈtɹiti/ | 조약, 협정 |
| fleet 명사 | /ˈfliːt/ | 함대, 선단 |
| declare 동사 | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | 선언하다 |
| atomic 형용사 | /əˈtɑː.mɪk/ | 원자 |
| starve 동사 | /stɑɹv/ | 굶어죽다 |
| trap 명사 | /tɹæp/ | 덫, 올가미 |
| ton 명사 | /tʌn/ | 톤 |
| convince 동사 | /kənˈvɪns/ | 납득시키다, 확신시키다 |
| rubber 명사 | /ˈɹʌbɚ/ | 고무 |
| sink 동사 | /ˈsɪŋk/ | 가라앉다 |
| freeze 동사 | /ˈfɹiːz/ | 얼다 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| break out 동사 | 탈출하다 |
주의할 발음
화자는 we're, you're, didn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 17번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thrust /θɹʌst/, bloodbath /ˈblʌdˌbæθ/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, deliberately /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, surrender, invade, ally 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | was capped · was appointed · was trapped |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | guy who couldn · anyone who promises · date which will |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.