Shadowing Practice: Anesthesiology: Basics – Anesthesiology | Lecturio - Learn English Speaking with Video
Elige un modo de práctica
Cada modo abre una sala de práctica a pantalla completa.
148 oraciones
Si las oraciones son demasiado cortas o largas, haz clic en Editar para ajustarlas.
1
Hello ladies and gentlemen.
2
Here are a series of questions and answers to start you thinking about anesthesiology.
3
I'll follow that with a short history of the specialty and a discussion on how anesthesiology has changed the world.
4
A common question I'm asked and it's a reasonable question.
5
I've been told that I will be asleep during my surgery.
6
I don't think surgery could be performed on me if I were just asleep.
7
Is general anesthesia the same as sleep?
8
General anesthesia is not just deeper sleep.
9
It's much better compared to a state of reversible coma.
10
It's a type of coma that we can induce and we can reverse, and yes, we can reverse it,
11
and you will wake up from your anesthetic.
12
The second common question I'm asked is, I've been told that I will be paralyzed during my surgery.
13
Isn't this dangerous?
14
How will I breathe?
15
This statement is often accompanied by my students with statements like, that's really gross and how would you do that to people?
16
The answer is you may be paralyzed during your surgery
17
if the surgeon requires muscle relaxation to complete the surgery successfully
18
and safely or if the anesthesiologist must place a breathing tube in your trachea.
19
The anesthesiologist is responsible for managing your breathing and will make sure that you have no memory for this whole experience.
20
Third question that's commonly asked is, will I remember being operated upon?
21
You will remember entering the operating room and being introduced to the team members
22
that are going to be involved in your surgery.
23
You will then be given an anesthetic, which will eliminate all memory of the surgical experience itself.
24
And you will not be awakened, and you will not reform your memory until the surgery is completed.
25
After the anesthetic is gone, won't I have a lot of pain?
26
When anesthesia is properly delivered, the provider assures that pain prevention is an important aspect of the care.
27
Before the end of surgery, the anesthesiologist will provide you with painkillers that will produce good pain relief when you wake up.
28
In addition, the nurses in the recovery room will give you additional pain relief if you require it.
29
So here's a definition from the Oxford Dictionary.
30
It's not sleep.
31
Surgery cannot be performed under conditions of normal sleep.
32
Period.
33
And the Oxford Dictionary says, An anesthetic that affects the whole body and it usually causes a loss of consciousness,
34
i .e., he had an operation under general anesthesia.
35
Anesthesia.
36
The critical word here is a reversible drug -induced state of unconsciousness, which is characterized by a coma -like state under the control of the anesthetist,
37
a term that is also known as anesthesiologist, depending on what part of the world you're in.
38
It's often associated with muscle paralysis.
39
It's always associated with profound amnesia for the surgical event.
40
So how did anesthesia develop?
41
Well, it's all thanks to the dentists.
42
Doctors can't take any credit for it.
43
Prior to 1846, there was no known way to provide anesthesia to those undergoing surgery.
44
The whole process of surgery was extraordinarily painful, bloody and dirty.
45
Surgeons were praised for the speed, not skill, in their sexful completions of operations.
46
Surgical procedures were either very superficial, drainage of abscesses or removal of small skin lesions, or major amputations of limbs,
47
caesarean section, all without any anesthesia.
48
The Massachusetts General Hospital, at the time that this whole event occurs, was the busiest surgical site in North America.
49
It provided surgical procedures to an average of five patients a week.
50
After 1846, longer, more complex surgical procedures developed,
51
and the field of surgery exploded.
52
Now over 100 procedures are done at Massachusetts General Hospital a day,
53
and new surgical procedures are being developed at a very rapid pace.
54
So the first dentist we're going to talk about is Dr. Horace Wells.
55
He's the real father of anesthesiology, although the term's been used on many individuals.
56
Yes, he was a dentist.
57
In 1844, he went to a party.
58
It was a nitrous oxide party where people gathered and enjoyed themselves and breathed nitrous oxide,
59
usually out of a big paper bag.
60
And one of the things he noticed was a woman smashed her leg very hard against a bench
61
and ended up with a large laceration on her leg, which should have been extremely painful.
62
She had no sense of pain whatsoever from it.
63
And from this observation, he then went about using nitrous oxide in his dental practice.
64
He had his own tooth extracted under nitrous oxide anesthesia and had very little discomfort.
65
And in 1845, he demonstrated nitrous oxide for surgical anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
66
Unfortunately, as you're going to learn in this course, nitrous oxide is not a strong anesthetic.
67
And it was a dismal failure.
68
And he was shamed before all the physicians in Massachusetts and the dentists.
69
Nitrous oxide provides good analgesia, good pain control, but cannot provide full anesthesia.
70
So the patient cried out during the surgery, Wells was humiliated, and he ultimately committed suicide.
71
This was a typical advertisement in those days for a laughing gas party, nitrous oxide party.
72
So you can see, laugh, sing, dance, speak, or fight, all those wonderful things you could do with nitrous oxide on board.
73
So the next dentist to come along was Dr. William Morton, also in Massachusetts.
74
He had actually been predated by Dr. Crawford Long in Great Britain, who did do surgery under ether anesthesia, but didn't bother publishing his results.
75
So the first described and known event in general anesthesia occurred on October 16, 1845.
76
Dr. Morton provided anesthesia to a young man having a tumor removed from his neck under ether anesthesia.
77
And the chief surgeon turned to the crowd in the room and said, in the very pompous way of that
78
Victorian era, gentlemen, this is no humbug.
79
And Morton's name was made.
80
Morton was a bit of a scamp,
81
unfortunately, and he tried to make more out of this than he was able to by coloring ether orange
82
and then trying to patent it as orange ether,
83
claiming it was superior to regular ether that had actually been around as a solvent and cleaning agent for centuries.
84
So this is a painting of that first event and this is from 1845 at the Massachusetts General.
85
This operating room is still in existence and you can visit it if you wish,
86
but you can see how very different the world was then than it is now.
87
All these people gathered around the operating room table wearing street clothes.
88
They may, in fact, be people right off the street because like public executions,
89
surgery was a popular spectator sport in the mid part of the 19th century.
90
You can see Morton holding his bottle of ether and the surgeon working on the young man's neck.
91
So that started general anesthesia for general surgery.
92
But it was important to move beyond that to other areas of need.
93
And the area that was likely to be missed in all of this was obstetrical anesthesia.
94
Partly this was due to the biases of the era that said,
95
you know, pain during labor was a required part of woman's recompense for original sin.
96
Well, there was a very powerful lady in existence in that era in Great Britain.
97
That was Queen Victoria.
98
And she wasn't willing to be punished for something that might have happened in the Garden of Eaton.
99
And with her eighth child, she had 11, I believe, she asked Dr. John Snow,
100
who was the first practicing anesthesiologist in Great Britain, to provide her with anesthesia.
101
Snow's an interesting man.
102
And for those of you who are aware of the London pump cholera story,
103
it's the same John Snow who discovered that pump and was able to prevent cholera from spreading in London.
104
And so in a way, he's the father of epidemiology, and he's also one of the fathers of anesthesiology.
105
Very amazing man.
106
Anyway, after she delivered her baby, Queen Victoria said, Dr. Snow gave the blessed chloroform, and the effect was soothing,
107
quieting, and delightful beyond measure.
108
And from that moment forward, obstetrical anesthesia had a solid place in medicine.
109
So this is what it looked like to start with.
110
This is a bottle of ether and a Schimmelbush mask.
111
And the mask is basically just a wire mask that you laid some gauze over,
112
and you poured ether directly on the gauze and put the mask
113
and gauze over the patient's face and they breathe the vapor.
114
This is a modern anesthetic machine, a little bit fancier than the Schimmel -Busch mask,
115
much more sophisticated, full of very complex warning systems and monitoring systems, which we'll discuss in more detail in a later lecture.
116
Other forms of anesthesia that have developed include regional anesthesia, which developed as local anesthetics were created,
117
and one of the first people involved in this story was Sigmund Freud, who thought that cocaine would be both a useful medication
118
and felt that it would be particularly useful in the treatment of depression.
119
And unfortunately, Sigmund Freud had to withdraw this belief in a later period because one of his best friends,
120
who was a very famous American surgeon, became addicted to cocaine and died from its use.
121
In any case, the use of cocaine and other simple local anesthetics led to the development of spinal and epidural anesthesia.
122
And we can now provide complete loss of sensation to many parts of the body, and particularly the limbs, for surgery.
123
Spinal anesthesia is the commonest form of anesthesia for cesarean sections,
124
for instance, whereas epidural anesthesia is useful for pain relief during labor or after certain types of surgery.
125
Spinal anesthesia is often used for surgery of the legs.
126
With modern ultrasound equipment, it is now possible to pass a needle directly to a nerve without perforating the nerve
127
or hitting blood vessels under direct vision using ultrasound.
128
And this has revolutionized the use of regional anesthesia over the last 5 to 10 years.
129
Anesthesia is an extremely safe medical specialty.
130
It's one of the safest interventions in modern medicine.
131
My practice started in 1980.
132
At that time, people used to die on the operating room table.
133
In 2014, it's extraordinarily rare for this to happen.
134
In developed countries, the mortality rate from general anesthesia is usually stated to be around 1 in 10 ,000
135
or maybe as high as 1 in 20 ,000.
136
The rate is much lower, however, in young, healthy individuals.
137
Also in developed countries, the rate of permanent neurologic damage from spinal or epidural anesthesia is less than 1 in 100 ,000.
138
So in a career, most anesthesiologists will never see this happen.
139
So our lecture series is going to be laid out like this.
140
An introductory lecture, which you're hearing now, a lecture on physiologic aspects of anesthesia, drugs used in anesthesia, and anesthetic systems.
141
We'll then move into the more clinical aspects of the specialty and talk about general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, emergencies in the operating room,
142
intensive care of patients, pain management, and anesthesia for special populations such such as the pregnant patient,
143
children, thoracic anesthesia, neuroanesthesia.
144
And then at the very end, we'll summarize everything and we'll have a short discussion about anesthesia and its use in other medical disciplines,
145
and the future of anesthesia, and some of the opportunities for young anesthesiologists opening into the future.
146
So in this lecture, we've summarized the history of anesthesiology
147
and given you a bit of an overview of what general anesthesia and regional anesthesia look like.
148
We're going to go into a great more detail in the subsequent lectures, and I hope you join us for those.
Descargar app
Todo lo que necesitas para hablar con fluidez
Pronunciación con IAEvalúa cada oración
Práctica de IPADomina cada sonido
VocabularioConstruye tu banco de palabras
Juego de vocabularioAprende mientras juegas
Mismo canal
C11
🏥 Locating Organs with Surface Landmarks: Do You Know Where Key Organs Are?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B212
How to Master Human Anatomy 🧠📚 – Course Preview | Lecturio
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C21
How to Treat Hyperkalemia Step-by-Step 💊
University Students
C24
Pediatric Diarrhea – Pediatrics | Lecturio
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Recomendar Video
C1134 oraciones
General anesthesia pharmacology - Medications for induction, maintenance, & emergence
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
61 oraciones
Abdominal Examination - OSCE Guide (Latest) | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1182 oraciones
Every Sleep Disorder & Their Effects Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
287 oraciones
Lecture 12: Retina, Part 2: Retinal vascular occlusions
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
131 oraciones
Nursing Legal Issues: Laws & Ethics in 10 Minutes | Nurse Me Through It Ep 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1117 oraciones
Anatomy & Physiology: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide | Dr. Bee's Tutorials
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
401 oraciones
The Most Accurate Medical Drama Of All Time? | The Pitt
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
50 oraciones
Decompression alone versus decompression with instrumented fusion in the t | Kaiser | EUROSPINE 2025
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C172 oraciones
MRI-Negative Epilepsy
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
368 oraciones
Leaders of Neurosurgery: Jacques Morcos, MD, FAANS, FACS interviewed by Gregory Zipfel, MD, FAANS
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
![Inside a Tox Resuscitation - Hyperthermia & Seizures [Medical Simulation]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/tiE6WI6mEtQ/mqdefault.jpg)
C11
653 oraciones
Inside a Tox Resuscitation - Hyperthermia & Seizures [Medical Simulation]
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C17
61 oraciones
Why birth doesn't have to be painful || Hypnobirthing
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Anesthesiology: Basics – Anesthesiology”. Las palabras que más se repiten: anesthesia, surgery, anesthetic, nitrous, oxide. Este vídeo tiene 148 frases y 1942 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 13:33. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 143 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| oxide sustantivo | /ˈɑksaɪd/ | óxido |
| surgical adjetivo | /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ | quirúrgico |
| lecture sustantivo | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | aleccionamiento, lectivo |
| procedure sustantivo | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | procedimiento |
| mask sustantivo | /mæsk/ | máscara, mascarilla |
| breathe verbo | /bɹiːð/ | respirar |
| surgeon sustantivo | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | cirujano, cirujana |
| dentist sustantivo | /ˈdɛntɪst/ | dentista, odontólogo |
| spinal adjetivo | /spaɪ.nəl/ | espinal, vertebral |
| aspect sustantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspecto |
| cocaine sustantivo | /koʊˈkeɪn/ | cocaína, esnov |
| specialty sustantivo | /ˈspɛʃ.əl.ti/ | especialidad |
| coma sustantivo | /ˈkoʊmə/ | coma |
| muscle sustantivo | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | músculo |
| asleep adjetivo | /əˈsliːp/ | dormido, jato |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| come along verbo | avanzar, marchar | |
| lay out verbo | /ˌleɪ ˈaʊt/ | encaminar |
| wake up verbo | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | despertarse, recordar |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- How will I breathe?
- Third question that's commonly asked is, will I remember being operated upon?
- After the anesthetic is gone, won't I have a lot of pain?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | I've been told · could be performed · is often accompanied |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has changed · I've been told · term's been |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | anesthetic, which will · unconsciousness, which is |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 21 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we'll, you're, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, eighth /eɪtθ/, tooth /tuθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: specialty /ˈspɛʃ.əl.ti/, execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, completion /kəmˈpliː.ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: spinal /spaɪ.nəl/, specialty /ˈspɛʃ.əl.ti/, skill /skɪl/, smash /smæʃ/, spectator /spɛkˈteɪtə/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: reverse /ɹɪˈvɝs/, nerve /nɝv/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, praise /pɹeɪz/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, advertisement /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como oxide, surgical, lecture.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.