Shadowing Practice: Essential English Grammar: WILL or WOULD? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi everybody, welcome to www.engvid.com.
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I'm Adam.
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In today's video, we're going to look at a little bit of grammar and more specifically, we're going to look at the two verbs will and would.
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And the reason I'm focusing only on these two verbs is
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because people often mix up when to use one or the other.
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So it's very important that you understand the function, the functions of each word
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and see how they're used in actual sentences to understand why you choose one and not the other.
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Okay, so let's look at first of all the actual functions of these words
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and keep in mind that in some cases would is actually the past tense of will
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but I'll get into that in a moment.
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So first of all when we use will we're talking about the future always
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and we're looking at something that's either a fact, although technically you can't say anything about the future is fact because we don't know.
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So more, the better way to think of it is it's a real possibility, right?
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Facts, until they actually happen, you don't know.
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So real possibility.
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Would, on the other hand, is we used to, when we talk about an unreal past, so something in the past that could have been different
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but wasn't right and you'll
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when i give you the example sentence you'll understand what i mean
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but it's not real that's the key
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and it's in the past not the future
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so that's very important to remember mostly the most common use of wood is to talk about something
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that is hypothetical hypothetical basically means it's not real it's imaginary you're talking about basically
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if a situation could happen right you're talking about that's the key word there
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if maybe probably not but maybe right and again
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when we see examples you'll understand and we also use it to uh report speech
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so we call this indirect reported speech i am saying what somebody else said
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so i'm somebody said something to me i'm telling you what that person said so that's indirect reported speech
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and in this case would act as the past tense of will
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and we're going to see examples of that as well
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so let's start with a couple of sentences here he will
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make new friend he will make many new friends at school
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so my wife
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and i are talking we're worried about our son our son is going to university in a different city
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and my wife is worried that he'll be very lonely
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and i say don't worry he will make many new friends at school now is
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that a fact no
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because i don't know maybe he won't make many new friends at school maybe everybody will hate him it's unlikely
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but it's definitely a real possibility based on his character based
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on his history most likely this is what will happen
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so future real he would make new friends at school now
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there's two ways i need to complete this sentence he would
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make new friends at school is not a complete sentence
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because of this word would as soon as you see this word you know
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that something is not true or is not real so he would make new friends means now no new friends
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so whenever you see a sentence
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that uses would as the as the helping verb to the main verb right away you understand
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that now whatever follows is actually not true is not the case okay he would make new friends
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if he went out more
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so right now he just sits in his room he goes to class
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and then goes and sits in his dorm room all day
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and doesn't come out so obviously he's not making new friends
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so if he went out and i'm using an unreal conditional here if plus simple past verb
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if he went out he would make new friends or he would make new friends at school comma
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but he doesn't go out much here i'm using the but to show a contrast
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and i'm using the present verb to show you what the actual situation is now Now, technically, I can go straight from school to but.
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But even if I do this, this is where it gets a little confusing.
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This is understood.
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I just don't need to say it.
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So, bear with me.
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I'm going to give you the whole full sentence.
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He would make many new friends at school if he went out more.
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But he doesn't go out much, so he doesn't make new friends.
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That's the full thing.
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I don't want to say all that that's a lot of words
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that don't all need to be expressed i can just take this out completely
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and just go to this conclusion right but he doesn't go out much
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so now not making friends why he doesn't go out
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but the key here is i'm talking about unreal situation hypothetical
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situation now okay we're going to look at some other examples to understand the other functions Okay, so now I have a few more examples for you.
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They're not in any particular order, but I'll explain each one as we go.
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So now we're going to look at reported speech.
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There are two types.
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There's direct and then there's indirect.
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Direct reported speech will be inside quotation marks.
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They could be happy too if you want them to be, but anyway.
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Quotation marks means this is exactly the words that the person used
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when he spoke to me
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and now i'm telling it to somebody else right i'm reporting to a third person
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so if i'm using a direct with the quote i don't change anything i take exactly the words
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that were given to me now in writing you will notice there's a comma
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quotation mark everything period quotation mark then there is indirect reported speech
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so this person said the words to me and i'm more
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or less paraphrasing to the next person
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so i would say he said he would call now that
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because technically this is a noun clause but most people just drop
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that you don't need it that's why i put in bracket
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you can put it you can take it out both okay he said he would call.
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Now, a general rule or the rule of indirect reported speech is that the verb goes one tense back.
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So, will, the only back you can go with will is would.
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This is the past tense of would.
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And that's why I'm using that in the indirect reported speech.
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Okay.
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So here he's talking about the future.
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Here he's still talking about the future, but I'm reporting it as the past because he said it to me in the past.
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Said.
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Okay.
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So that's reported.
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Next.
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And here we're going to get a little bit tricky.
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So just prepare yourselves for it.
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I'm going to start with one sentence and I'm going to finish it three different ways.
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Three different ways.
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In order to get a promotion, she would need to make more sales.
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In order to get a promotion, she will need to make more sales.
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Or in order to get a promotion, she would have needed to make more sales.
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All three sentences are correct.
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The meaning's slightly different.
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So let's start.
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In order to get a promotion at work, she wants to get a higher position, she would need to make more sales.
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Now, we understand that would is a hypothetical.
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It's not real, meaning that she probably won't, will not make more sales.
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Maybe there's not enough time.
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Maybe she doesn't have enough clients.
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Maybe she's just not very good at sales.
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So, it's very unlikely that she will.
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So for this situation to be true, this situation would be need to be true, but it's not.
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And I'm using would.
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On the other hand, if I say she will need to make more sales means she has another six months.
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If she works really hard, she can get these sales and she can get her promotion.
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So this is a real possibility.
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Unreal possibility, she has no chance.
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real possibility she has a very good chance of doing it
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and again both are correct but you have to pay attention to what the actual
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when somebody says this what are they meaning here I know
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she's not getting the promotion here I think she can get
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the promotion then in order to get a promotion she would
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have needed to make more sales this is the past
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but you cannot change the past so So in order to get a promotion, so right this week, the boss is deciding who is getting promotions.
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It's too late for her to get more sales.
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The sales needed to be in the past.
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It didn't happen.
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She would have needed to, but she didn't.
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That's understood.
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But she didn't, would have.
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They go together in the past.
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You can't change it.
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It's not real.
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She's not getting the promotion.
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So, no promotion, yes promotion, no promotion.
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If you understand the way things are structured, right?
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And this is what you have to pay close attention to, especially in spoken English.
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In spoken English, the word would or will, they go by very fast.
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So, you need to pick it up.
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A native speaker, for example, if somebody says to me, well, she would have needed to do that, she would have needed.
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but I can pick up the would of and understand that she didn't.
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A non-native speaker might not pick that word up and not understand the full context of the sentence.
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So you have to pay very close attention to that.
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Okay, so that's another use of will and would.
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We're going to go to the last sample.
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Now, this is going to be a bit more confusing because this is introducing a whole other grammatical tense.
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She will have met her goals by then.
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She would have met her goals if she had tried harder.
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So let's start with the would.
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She would have met her goals.
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This is the same as this one.
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We're talking about an unreal past.
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In the past, this was possible, but now the past is gone.
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It didn't happen.
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It's not possible anymore.
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Can't change the past.
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And here it's easier to understand because of the if.
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If she had tried, with a past perfect.
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So, she.. if she did it, if she had tried harder, she would have met her goal.
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She didn't try hard enough, she didn't meet her goal.
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Fact.
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Real.
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Here, will have met.. this is a future perfect.
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Future perfect means that then, whatever that future time is, means her goals will be met.
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But again, future perfect, I'm not going to really get into now.
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That's a whole other video by itself.
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But just so you can compare, will have, would have.
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Both of them can be used with a perfect.
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The meanings are very, very different.
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Future, real, past, unreal.
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And it's very important that you learn to pay attention to will and would, because A, they're spoken very quickly and B,
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they sound not that far from each other because wuh, wuh.
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In writing, obviously, much easier.
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You'll see it.
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But in writing, you have to be careful to use the correct version.
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And for example, let's say we're talking about IELTS or TOEFL essays.
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Very, very often, I see people using would when they should be using will.
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Not so much the other way around.
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And I think the reason is people think that would is a more formal verb.
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It's not.
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Will has a function.
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Would has a function.
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Use them correctly.
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There's no such thing as formal or informal verbs in terms of usage.
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There's formal and informal vocabulary.
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There's not formal or informal grammar.
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So be careful about that in your writing.
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And I hope that's it.
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I hope that all made sense to you.
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Of course, you may have to watch the video again to get all the little details.
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But if you have any questions, go to www.engvid.com and ask me in the comment section.
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I'll be happy to help you out some more there.
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There's also a quiz at www.engvid.com.
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Take the quiz.
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Make sure you can understand all the different subtleties, all the slight differences between the two uses,
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and test yourself and take the quiz and hopefully get a 10 out of 10.
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Okay?
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If you like the video, please give me a like.
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Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and ring that little bell up top there so you get notifications of new videos.
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And come back for more grammar, vocab, and other interesting English things.
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See you again soon.
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Bye-bye.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Essential English Grammar: WILL or WOULD?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: promotion, sales, word, sentence, verb. Este vídeo tiene 206 frases y 2159 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 13:43. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 157 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 89 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es fácil de seguir.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| verb sustantivo | /vɝb/ | verbo |
| unreal adjetivo | /ʌnˈɹi.əl/ | irreal |
| indirect adjetivo | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | indirecto |
| tense sustantivo | /tɛns/ | tiempo |
| quotation sustantivo | /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/ | presupuesto, cotización |
| hypothetical adjetivo | /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/ | hipotético |
| quiz sustantivo | /kwɪz/ | prueba, cuestionario |
| informal adjetivo | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | informal, aformal |
| technically adverbio | /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ | en realidad, de hecho |
| grammar sustantivo | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | gramática |
| comma sustantivo | /ˈkɒmə/ | coma |
| confuse verbo | /kənˈfjuːz/ | confundir, barahustar |
| dormitory sustantivo | /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | dormitorio |
| grammatical adjetivo | /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/ | gramático |
| paraphrase verbo | /ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/ | parafrasear |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go out verbo | salir | |
| come out verbo | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | revelarse, salir a la luz |
| mix up verbo | revolver | |
| pick up verbo | coger, asir |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- Facts, until they actually happen, you don't know.
- I just don't need to say it.
- I'm going to give you the whole full sentence.
- We're going to go to the last sample.
- We're talking about an unreal past.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones condicionales if + oración, will/would + verbo — una condición y su resultado | if he went out he would make · if I say she will need · if she had tried harder, she would have |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is understood · be expressed · were given |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have needed · have met |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 74 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, we're, don't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃn̩/, conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/, technically /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/, dormitory /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/, grammatical /ɡɹəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: verb /vɝb/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: quiz /kwɪz/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, paraphrase /ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/, clause /klɔːz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como verb, unreal, indirect.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.