Shadowing Practice: Responses to Stimuli - Learn English Speaking with Video
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An eagle flies high in the sky.
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It uses its keen sense of sight to search for fish in the lake below.
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When it spots a fish, it dives down and catches it in its sharp talons.
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All organisms respond to stimuli.
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A stimulus is a change of signal in an organism's environment that the organism can recognize and react to.
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In the case of the eagle, the stimulus was spotting the fish in the water.
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The reaction to that stimulus is called a response.
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The eagle's response to seeing the fish was to swoop down and catch it.
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Responses help an organism survive and adapt to its environment.
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Plants for instance have unique ways of responding to stimuli.
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Many plants react to light, a process known as phototropism.
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plants turn their heads to follow the sun across the sky, soaking up as much sunlight as possible for photosynthesis.
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Another type of response in plants is towards gravity, a process known as geotropism.
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This response guides roots to grow downwards into the soil, and stems upwards towards the sky.
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An interesting example of plant response to stimulus is the Venus flytrap.
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This carnivorous plant closes its leaves when an insect lands on them, capturing its prey for digestion.
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Animals also exhibit a wide array of response to stimuli.
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For instance, a rabbit, upon sensing a predator, instinctively runs to escape, demonstrating a basic survival mechanism.
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Similarly, when a gazelle senses a change in the wind direction carrying the scent of a predator, it quickly alters its cause to avoid detection.
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Birds too respond to seasonal changes.
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As winter approaches, many species migrate to warmer regions, ensuring their survival during harsh weather conditions.
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Even a simple organism like an earthworm reacts to light by moving away from it, preferring to stay hidden in the dark soil.
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Even the simplest organisms such as single-celled amoeba or paramecia have the ability to respond to stimuli.
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For example, if these microorganisms encounter a harmful substance, they will move away from it.
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But if they detect a food source, they will move towards it.
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These examples demonstrate that the capacity to respond to stimuli is an essential characteristic of all organisms,
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helping them interact with their environment, adapt to changes and ensure their survival.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Responses to Stimuli”. Las palabras que más se repiten: response, organism, plant, stimuli, stimulus. Este vídeo tiene 28 frases y 382 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:35. El hablante habla despacio, unas 107 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 71 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| stimulus sustantivo | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | estímulo, apetite |
| organism sustantivo | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | organismo |
| react verbo | /ɹiːˈækt/ | reaccionar |
| predator sustantivo | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | predador, depredador |
| adapt verbo | /əˈdæpt/ | adaptar, ajustar |
| eagle sustantivo | /ˈiːɡəl/ | águila |
| demonstrate verbo | /ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/ | demostrar, demonstrar |
| amoeba sustantivo | /əˈmiːbə/ | ameba, amiba |
| carnivorous adjetivo | /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ | carnívoro |
| digestion sustantivo | /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ | digestión |
| downwards adverbio | /ˈdaʊnwɚdz/ | hacia abajo, para abajo |
| earthworm sustantivo | /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ | lombriz de tierra, gusano de tierra |
| gazelle sustantivo | /ɡəˈzɛl/ | gacela |
| geotropism sustantivo | /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/ | geotropismo |
| instinctively adverbio | /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ | instintivamente |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, carnivorous /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/, geotropism /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/, microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: carnivorous /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/, instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/, dive /daɪv/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, downwards /ˈdaʊnwɚdz/, gazelle /ɡəˈzɛl/, geotropism /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/, microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: digestion /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/, geotropism /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como stimulus, organism, react.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.