Shadowing Practice: The First Punic War - OverSimplified (Part 1) - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Oh, Marcellus.
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You sure have a lot of dignitas.
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Kiss me.
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Okay.
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Hey, Dad.
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Hi, son.
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Just reading the newspaper.
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What can I do for you?
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Well, you know how you always say Rome is the greatest civilization in the world?
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It bloody well is.
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Well, I was just wondering.
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What makes us so great?
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How did we come to be?
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Wow.
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My son.
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Boy, let me take you on a journey.
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to this side of the room the story of rome begins
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with these beautiful baby boys going to town on some she
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-wolf mommy milkers that's gross you're gross sorry son you're not gross i love you
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they're called romulus and remus and
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when they grew up in 753 bc they founded rome
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but there was just one problem they couldn't agree on
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which of them should be the king but they We worked it out peacefully, right?
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Oh, heavens no. Romulus caved Remus' skull in with a shovel.
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Here's a picture.
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Our first king committed fratricide?
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I know.
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Look at his face.
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When's the part where we become the greatest civilization, Dad?
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Well, you see, at first, Rome was full of men.
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I'm talking like a real sausage party.
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You know what I mean?
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Yes, sir.
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So we invited some neighboring cities over for a big feast, and then we literally kidnapped all of their women.
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Here's a picture.
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Look at that one.
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She's like This is messed up.
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You're messed up.
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Oh Sorry, sorry.
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I'll be a better father.
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I promise.
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So then finally after centuries of monarchy Those tyrannical kings started getting a little too big for their britches
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So we overthrew the Kings and established Rome as a Republic.
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Is that when all the killing stopped?
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Heavens no, that's when the killing surged baby.
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We went wild and conquered the Latin League, the Samnites, the Etruscans Woo!
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What a rush!
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Dad, Rome seems pretty barbaric.
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You're barbaric!
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Oh, I forgot to tell you about the time a prophet told Saturn his son would one day overthrow him.
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So, so Saturn literally ate his own son seconds after he was born.
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I don't want to see a picture.
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Here's a picture.
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Dad!
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Look at that!
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That's messed up, man.
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Are we really this uncivilized?
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Hey, hey!
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If we were so uncivilized, would we use communal toilets where we all fart and poo together in one big stinky, steamy, dirty toilet room?
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Yeah, Dad.
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We would.
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Clean your butt with a sponge, Timulus.
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But all these guys just used it.
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What's wrong with your son, bro?
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I don't want to be Roman.
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This is so weird.
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You're weird.
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Sorry, you're not weird.
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I'm sure you're probably fine.
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The Roman Republic, a nation that, since its foundation, had been stabbing necks all the way down the Italian peninsula.
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But this isn't the famous Roman Empire that ruled the known world.
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Not yet anyway.
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This is a relatively juvenile Rome, still just a regional power.
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In 264 BC, the big daddy of the western Mediterranean was Carthage.
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Let's rewind a bit.
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Carthage was founded in 814 BC
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when some Phoenicians in Tyre had a mega surplus of goods and decided to export those goods across the Mediterranean.
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They became the dominant trading power in the region and to support their growing trade network, the Phoenicians established a number of colonies, one of which was Carthage.
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Therefore, Carthage began its life as a Phoenician trade colony and the Carthaginians were actually Phoenicians, or if you're a Latin -speaking Roman,
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they were Punic, hence the name of the video.
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Over the centuries, Carthage gradually expanded and became the region's base of power.
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Just like Rome, Carthage was a semi -democratic republic with its own senate and judiciary, but there were also some pretty hefty differences between the two.
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While Rome was big into farming and stabbing people in the neck, the Carthaginians, on the other hand,
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just like their Phoenician forefathers had built their power through trade and navigating the waves.
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They went here and there, selling ivory tusks, gold, and slaves.
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And as a result, they were rolling in it.
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Whenever they weren't busy swimming around in their copious hordes of money, in their spare time, they also possibly enjoyed sacrificing their children to Baal,
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the god of, let me just check my notes, ah, yes, plant fertility.
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Oh boy, these figs aren't looking too hot.
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Maybe if I throw my son into a burning pit of fire, they'll grow.
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Have you tried watering them, Dad?
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Hmm.
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No, we'll try that second.
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As a result of all their trading, Carthage had emerged as one of the Mediterranean's superpowers.
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But wait, they said.
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Rome?
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What the heck is that?
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Well, I know it's a pretty obscure little country that you've probably never heard of.
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But this spunky young nation was about to upset the entire region's balance of power.
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Initially, the two sides enjoyed relatively friendly relations, and had even signed a couple treaties.
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But it was a relationship that was practically destined to turn sour.
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See, Rome had a thing where they liked to aggressively expand their boundaries, often viewing such expansion as a defensive act.
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Kind of like when you kill your neighbor, because you knew eventually they would have tried to kill you first.
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Meanwhile, Carthage was extremely protective of its wealthy trade network.
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So if you put a very strategically important island between them, well, two plus two equals war.
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Tensions rose, and the two sides began viewing each other with increasing disdain.
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The hard -working Romans looked across the water at the money -hungry Carthaginians and said, Look at those dishonest crooks.
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Bet they've never done an honest day's work in their lives.
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And the Carthaginians looked back and said, Look at those simple -minded brutes.
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But they've never sacrificed a baby in their lives.
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Yeah!
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While war between the two superpowers seemed inevitable, the event that finally triggered it was a little unexpected.
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The whole thing began with a few simple mad lads on a wild night out.
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These mad lads are called the Mamertines.
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They were Italian mercenaries employed by the tyrant of Syracuse, here.
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But when he died, his successor said, Sorry fellas, we don't need any big burly men with sharp sticks anymore.
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You can all go home.
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The Mamertines, as it turned out, didn't want to go home.
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So instead, they went to the nearby town of Masana and said, Hey man, we are but poor little buff boys without a home.
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May we come in?
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Aw, poor fellas.
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Sure thing.
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Uh -uh.
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Just so long as you promise not to massacre all of us.
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We promise.
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The Mamertines then massacred all of them.
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Well, not all of them.
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Just the men.
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And they stole their homes and families.
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Ha!
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This is my house now.
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This is my best dad ever mug now.
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And you guys are my new family.
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Son?
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Wanna go play catch with your old papa?
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You're not my real dad!
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Ugh, teenagers.
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Am I right, dear?
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You're not my real husband!
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Ugh, I'm so trapped in this marriage.
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Then get out!
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No. Masana was now controlled by the Mamertines and they began raiding up and down the Syracuse coastline.
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When the new ruler of Syracuse saw this, he wasn't happy.
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The Syracusans began fighting back, and in response, the Mamertines said, Oh crap, they're fighting back?
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What do we do?
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Quick, we'll convince the Carthaginians to come and save us.
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Oh no!
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We're in trouble, and we need a big strong empire to come and rub our bellies.
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Why are you saying it like that?
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If I was a big, strong empire, I think I'd like to be seduced.
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See?
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It's working!
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The Carthaginians had long dreamed of controlling all of Sicily.
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They had been fighting Syracuse and their Greek influence on the island for centuries.
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And now, here was a great opportunity to get one over on them.
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So Carthage promptly answered the Mamertines' cry for help and sent a force to garrison Messana.
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As it turned out, however, some within the ranks of the Mamertines weren't too happy with the occupying Carthaginians
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and they sent out a second cry for help to Rome.
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When it reached the Roman Senate, they were a little more hesitant.
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Going to help the Mamertines ran the risk of triggering an all -out war with Carthage, and they had only just finished conquering the Italian peninsula, so they were kind of tired.
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Plus, the Mamertines were all the way across the water.
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They had never made a leap like that before, so you would assume that to avoid any conflict with Carthage, the exhausted Romans would probably sit this one out.
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But you would assume wrong.
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Rome just couldn't resist a good chance for war.
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Why?
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Well, there's something you gotta understand about Rome.
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See, as a republic, they were hell -bent on preventing any one man from ever gaining too much power.
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And so rather than having one leader, Rome had two cold consuls who shared power.
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These consuls could also only serve for one year at a time before new consuls were elected.
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These measures to limit the powers of the consuls were noble, but had an interesting side effect.
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The consuls knew they had just one year to try and gain as much glory and prestige as possible, something that was very important in Roman society.
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And the best way of gaining glory and prestige...
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Military victory, of course.
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The Roman political system basically ended up encouraging these consuls to go out
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and be as aggressive as your Italian grandmother when you don't eat all the spaghetti.
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And so the glory -seeking consuls convinced the people to vote in favor of going to Massana.
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And in they went.
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Upon the arrival of the Romans, the Carthaginians in the city, amongst the confusion, were forced to leave.
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Now, in contrast to Roman aggression, the Carthaginian military had a slightly different philosophy.
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All right, kids, listen up.
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If you want to grow up to be Carthaginian military leaders, there's a few things you have to understand.
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If you fail to succeed on the battlefield, that's a crucifixion.
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Showing cowardice, that's a crucifixion.
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Hello, sir.
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What are you doing here?
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Aren't you meant to be in Messana?
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Yeah, but the Romans showed up.
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So you just left?
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Sure did.
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Oh, you better believe that's a crucifixion!
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The Roman consuls were awarded for victory, and therefore tended to be aggressive go -getters.
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By contrast, the Carthaginian generals were brutally punished for failure, and so they tended to be more cautious and restrained.
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This dynamic is helpful for understanding some of the crazy things that happened during the Punic Wars.
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So, the Romans have crossed over to Messana, and now there was some red on the island.
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Hit that panic button.
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This turn of events was unacceptable to both Carthage and Syracuse, so the traditional enemies teamed up to kick the Romans off their island.
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They surrounded the city and said, Hey, you jerks!
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This isn't your island!
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Come out of there at once!
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Okay, we're coming!
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See, phil you just gotta speak with authority that's what being
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an alpha male's all about hey man oh you you brought your weapons
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and armor no i didn't mean oh crap out the roman legions came to engage the carthaginians in battle
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and they sent them packing with the battle of messana whether intended
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or not by going to help the mammartines the two sides had just slipped into an all -out war.
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With the initial Roman victory, towns across Sicily, including Syracuse, began switching allegiance, because being a winner is more fun.
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But the Carthaginians weren't about to just give up that easily.
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In 262 BC, they began building up their forces at Aggregentum, so the Romans, being aggressive go -getters, aggressively go -got them.
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The Romans immediately laid siege, hoping to starve out the Carthaginian garrison.
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However, because this was the first time Rome had been fighting outside the Italian peninsula, across the water, they struggled to supply their forces.
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And before long, the Romans were as starving as the Carthaginians they were besieging.
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They had to forage for food, leaving them open to ambush.
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And when Carthaginian reinforcements arrived, creating a double siege, things got really bad.
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Everybody starved each other for months until nobody could take it anymore and they all finally came out for battle, which Rome won.
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Here's the report from the recent Sea Jet Aggregantum, sir.
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We killed 30 ,000 while only suffering 7 ,000 losses?
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That's amazing!
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We're the best!
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Yes, sir.
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Oops, those are the wrong way around.
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What?
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We lost 30 ,000?
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We're the worst!
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But we won, right?
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Yes, sir.
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But we also got our asses kicked.
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Yes, sir.
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So are we the best or the worst?
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Yes, sir.
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The Romans won at Aggregantum because they were aggressive go -getters, and they now began eyeing up the possibility of conquering the entire island.
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But they also suffered very heavy losses, and it was clear they couldn't sustain a campaign if they couldn't supply their troops.
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Here's the issue.
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Sicily was an island.
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Islands are surrounded by water.
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A strong navy would be vital for supplying troops and winning the war.
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Here was Carthage's navy, and here was Rome's.
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I think you can see the problem.
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Historians debate just how much naval experience Rome had at this point.
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Presumably, they must have had something to defend their shoreline.
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But whatever it was, it would have paled in comparison to the Carthaginian juggernaut.
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And so Rome had to figure out exactly what to do about all this water.
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Come on, men.
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We're not going to let some pansy candy -ass water get in the way of our glorious victory against Carthage.
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Charge!
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Tell my kids I love them.
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We're going to need a bigger boat.
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What's a boat?
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I don't know.
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If the Romans wanted to win this war and obtain Sicily, there was only one thing for them to do.
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I guess we're just gonna have to go ahead and build ourselves a war fleet, aren't we? From scratch? From scratch.
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But we don't even know how.
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Never mind how to fight with one.
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Don't worry, Hank.
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We're up to the challenge.
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Come on, guys.
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We're Romans.
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And Romans aren't afraid of anything.
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And so, the Romans worked long
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and hard trying to figure out how on earth you actually build the latest style of warship.
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In the end, they had a bit of luck on their side.
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A Carthaginian quinquirin ended up accidentally grounding on Italian soil.
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The Romans found it and copied the design.
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While the new fleet was being built, the Romans trained rowers on land.
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And would you believe it, the Romans put together a full fighting fleet of 120 warships in just two months.
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A staggering feat.
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Now, I know what you're thinking, But oversimplified, if the Romans can build a war fleet from scratch in two months, then why does it take you half a year to make a video?
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Well, my valued subscriber, I think you should shut up.
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What the heck?
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How on earth did the Romans learn how to build a war fleet?
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This shouldn't be happening.
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From what I hear, they copied the design from us, sir.
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Well, how on earth did they get the blueprint, Carl?
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I don't know, sir.
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So thank you.
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Now where were we?
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Oh yeah.
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The sea jet aggregateum, supply issues, and building a war fleet.
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So now the Romans have a navy.
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And it's time to put it to the test.
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But how does one wage ancient naval warfare?
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Easy.
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All of the ships had giant bronze rams on the front, so all you had to do was outmaneuver the enemy and give him the jimmies.
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Easy as pie.
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And so the aggressive Romans set out for some good old -fashioned jimmy -giving.
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The consul, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, set out for the town of Lipara, believing the garrison there wanted to join the Romans.
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As he entered the harbor, however, he found himself trapped by a Carthaginian fleet.
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And in the following skirmish, he was completely outmatched.
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The Romans may have had a brand new fleet, but when it came to engaging in actual combat, their inexperience showed.
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There was just something better about the Carthaginian ships.
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The Carthaginian rowers had nicer abs.
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The entire Carthaginian empire had been built on expert seamanship.
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So when it came to water, the Carthaginians were better and the Romans were wetter.
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In their initial skirmish, the Romans were beaten so badly that the consul Scipio was given a nickname, Acina.
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And if you're wondering what that means, just drop the Ina.
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So what were the Romans to do?
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How could they possibly stand up to this Carthaginian superpower?
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Well, there's something you gotta understand about the Romans.
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Back when they found that Carthaginian ship and copied its design
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that wasn't a one -off thing copying their enemies was as
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roman as punishing murderers by sewing them into a leather pouch with a monkey snake
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and rooster and then throwing them into a river
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which is a thing they did wait what was i talking
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about oh yeah copying their enemies many of the most famous
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roman inventions were actually borrowed aqueducts chariot racing their gods even
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in warfare the romans would get pierced by a sabine javelin
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and they'd be like wow they'd get hacked to bits by an Iberian sword, and they'd be like, wow, and they'd copy the designs for themselves.
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However, they wouldn't just copy it, they would advance it, finding ways to adapt it as perfectly as possible.
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And in the case of naval warfare, the Romans realized if they wanted to beat the Carthaginians at their own game, they would have to to adapt.
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The Romans excelled at combat on land, not on water.
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But what if, they said, we could somehow turn a sea battle into a land battle?
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Sounds crazy, right?
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Well, they made a couple of tweaks to their warship, and look, here they come again.
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They must love getting their asses kicked.
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Uh, sir?
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What's that toll thing sticking out of their ships?
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They really are idiots.
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Look at that thing.
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That'll make them blow over.
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I mean, look at...
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Pop!
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Pop!
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Get your camera out.
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Take a picture of it.
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I mean, how stupid can you be?
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Let's just add a big wooden tower to our ship that'll weigh us down and blow us over in the wind.
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The Romans had built a big swinging spiked gangway, called the Corvus.
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So when the Carthaginian ships approached to ram them, the Romans would just slam them.
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The Carthaginians tried going around, no problem.
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The Corvus could swivel.
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Try going behind, the Romans would huddle to the coastline.
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It was foolproof.
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Those big, sexy Carthaginian rowing muscles could flex all they want, but they were no match for the Roman mind.
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So ladies, you see, what really matters is what's on the inside.
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Please go out with me.
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And with that, the Romans, who had only just recently began dabbling in the art of naval combat, thanks to their ingenious Corvus,
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had just managed to outclass the Mediterranean seafaring superpower.
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The Carthaginians were stunned, and the general in charge of the defeated Carthaginian fleet?
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Well, you better believe that's a crucifixion.
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With their newfound control of the seas, the Romans could now more easily blockade coastal cities and supply their legions on land.
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Surely, the Romans were now free to unleash their aggression all over the island.
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Ha ha!
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Hey, Carthaginians!
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What are you going to do now that we're free to rampage across the island?
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We're going to go inside these walls and close this gate.
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Oh, come on, guys.
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Stop messing around.
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Come out so we can kill you.
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No. Oh, come on.
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No. Oh, no!
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To counter the new Roman supremacy, the Carthaginians decided to engage in a defensive war of attrition, forcing the Romans to engage in siege after lengthy siege.
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The war in Sicily became a long, hard, back -and -forth slug.
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One by one, cities slowly fell as the Romans gained ground.
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Occasionally, the Carthaginians countered and even pushed them back, only for the Romans to rebound again.
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And whenever a city did finally fall, the Romans could delight in slaughtering the entire population and selling any survivors into slavery,
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which was pretty standard procedure at the time.
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In general, the campaign on land was progressing much slower than the Romans had hoped, and quite frankly, they were getting sick of it.
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So in 256 BC, they decided that something had to change.
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Hey everyone, my name's Marcus Atilius Regulus, and I'll be one of your consuls for this year.
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Look, as I'm sure you all know, Sicily's being a bit of a drag.
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Sure, I could go and spend my entire year as consul besieging one single city, But they'll never make a naked statue of me for that.
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So here's the new plan.
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I'm going to skip Sicily entirely, take my army, and go right for the heart of Carthage itself.
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I'll slaughter the men, enslave all the women and children, and when I return, you'll all build a thousand naked statues of me.
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Marcus, that women and children stuff, that seems pretty evil and barbaric.
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No, Jim, it's perfectly normal in the ancient world.
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Sometimes we even chop their pets in half.
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Okay guys, looks like the Romans are coming straight for us this time.
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And what will they do when they get here?
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They'll kill us all.
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They'll massacre each and every last one of us.
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They may even chop our pets in half.
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That's barbaric!
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No, Rob, it's actually pretty normal for the time.
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We'd do the same to them.
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Who'll protect us?
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Funny you should ask, Mary.
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That's kind of why I called this meeting.
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Who will protect us?
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Protect our families our homes our children you guys don't make me laugh why you're just a bunch of stupid
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and weak farmers simple -minded buffoons cowards fools Rob here thinks enslaving women and children is barbaric.
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You're a snowflake, Rob.
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Yes, you are.
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The fact is, if the Romans manage to land on African soil, we're all gonna die.
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A terrifying, hideous, unspeakably painful death.
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Is that the end of that speech?
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The Carthaginians had to stop the Romans from ever landing in Africa because they believed that would be the end.
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So as the Romans were building an invasion fleet the size of which the world had never seen before, the Carthaginians were preparing an even bigger one to stop them.
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And in 256 BC, as the Roman invasion fleet made its way south,
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the stage was set for a humongous battle that saw 680 warships,
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around 300 ,000 men, fighting to decide the course of the war.
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To this day, the Battle of Cape Egnomis remains possibly the largest naval battle in human history, all the way back in ancient times.
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So the next time your granddad tells you about the time he sank a Japanese aircraft carrier, kick him in the nuts.
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The Romans had a lot riding on this battle.
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They weren't just sending their warships, but transports as well.
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Full of supply flies and horses for their invasion of Africa.
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They therefore formed a protective wedge -like formation to punch through the long, thin Carthaginian line.
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The Carthaginian generals, however, desperate to prevent the Romans from reaching Africa, had a plan of their own.
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As the Roman fleet approached, the Carthaginian center feigned a retreat,
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luring the Romans in so their outstretched flanks could envelop them and get around the Roman corvus.
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A clever plan.
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But with such a huge battle and so many ships crowded together, the Carthaginians struggled to maneuver as hoped.
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And in the chaos, three separate battles emerged across the huge battle space.
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With the number of ships limiting their ability to maneuver, the Carthaginians became sitting ducks, and all the Romans had to do was start swinging.
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The Roman center came out on top and were then able to turn around and rescue their pinned -down flanks.
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The Battle of Cape Egnomis was a Roman victory.

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¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

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