Shadowing Practice: Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So with transmission, there are several ownership types.
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So if you are a developer developing projects for connection to transmission,
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you may be dealing with one or several of these different types of ownership structures.
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And this includes investor-owned utilities.
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They sell stocks, so they're publicly owned.
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Then there are government agencies, such as the U.S government and municipalities.
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And then there are cooperative generation transmission organizations.
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And these co-ops are actually owned by the members that they serve.
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And one of the primary purposes of transmission,
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and this was the intent ever since the start of the industry back before 1900,
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was to connect large generating sources to the load centers where the load is concentrated,
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say, in the middle of cities.
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of utmost importance is the safety and reliability.
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Keep the lights on for abnormal conditions, and abnormal conditions happen all the time on transmission.
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You know, you get short circuit faults due to lightning or, you know, tree contact or other reasons.
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There are a lot of different causes of abnormal condition on transmission,
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but the transmission providers have to ensure that the system stays reliable.
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And when they're connecting new generation to the system, what this entails is a lot of different studies
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and analysis to make sure that the new generation isn't going to mess up the reliability of that existing transmission system.
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Now, there are other types of organizations in the transmission industry besides the transmission owners that we just mentioned.
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And the two types of organizations you'll hear a lot about are ISOs and RTOs.
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And if you are connecting new generation to a transmission,
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you very well may run into the ISOs and RTOs because they're the ones that actually run the queues.
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And for the most part,
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they do the studies or they work with the transmission owners or consultants in order to do the interconnection studies.
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But ISOs and RTOs, for the most part, they're the same for our purposes with very minor differences.
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And there are seven of them in the U.S as you see here, plus there's two more in Canada.
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And there are multiple purposes of these ISOs, RTOs, but one of the biggest ones is
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when it comes to interconnection is providing what they call non-discriminatory access to the electric grid,
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meaning that any generator or load who wants to access the grid can do
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so as long as they meet certain qualifications or certain requirements,
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and in many cases, if they help pay for system upgrades.
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Some of the other purposes of ISO's RTOs include the grid operation, the monitoring, the management in the region that they serve.
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They're in charge of generation dispatch to keep the generation supply and demand in balance,
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and they also do a regional planning and reliability modeling and planning.
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So they do quite a bit.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission”. Las palabras que más se repiten: transmission, generation, Rtos, Isos, purposes. Este vídeo tiene 36 frases y 480 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:51. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 125 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 14 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| abnormal adjetivo | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | anormal |
| reliability sustantivo | fiabilidad | |
| interconnection sustantivo | /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/ | interconexión |
| discriminatory adjetivo | /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ | discriminatorio, discriminador |
| entail verbo | /ɛnˈteɪl/ | conllevar, entrañar |
| municipality sustantivo | /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ | municipio |
| dispatch verbo | /dɪˈspæt͡ʃ/ | despachar |
| queue sustantivo | /kju/ | fila, cola |
| utter verbo | /ˈʌtəɹ/ | resolgar, resollar |
| cooperative adjetivo | /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/ | cooperativo, cooperador |
| qualification sustantivo | /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | expertización |
| generator sustantivo | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | generador, generador eléctrico |
| investor sustantivo | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | inversionista, inversor |
| concentrate verbo | /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ | concentrar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| mess up verbo | desbarajustar, desbarahustar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 7 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, isn't, you'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/, municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como abnormal, reliability, interconnection.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.