Shadowing Practice: Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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So with transmission, there are several ownership types.
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So if you are a developer developing projects for connection to transmission,
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you may be dealing with one or several of these different types of ownership structures.
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And this includes investor-owned utilities.
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They sell stocks, so they're publicly owned.
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Then there are government agencies, such as the U.S government and municipalities.
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And then there are cooperative generation transmission organizations.
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And these co-ops are actually owned by the members that they serve.
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And one of the primary purposes of transmission,
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and this was the intent ever since the start of the industry back before 1900,
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was to connect large generating sources to the load centers where the load is concentrated,
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say, in the middle of cities.
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of utmost importance is the safety and reliability.
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Keep the lights on for abnormal conditions, and abnormal conditions happen all the time on transmission.
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You know, you get short circuit faults due to lightning or, you know, tree contact or other reasons.
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There are a lot of different causes of abnormal condition on transmission,
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but the transmission providers have to ensure that the system stays reliable.
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And when they're connecting new generation to the system, what this entails is a lot of different studies
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and analysis to make sure that the new generation isn't going to mess up the reliability of that existing transmission system.
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Now, there are other types of organizations in the transmission industry besides the transmission owners that we just mentioned.
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And the two types of organizations you'll hear a lot about are ISOs and RTOs.
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And if you are connecting new generation to a transmission,
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you very well may run into the ISOs and RTOs because they're the ones that actually run the queues.
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And for the most part,
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they do the studies or they work with the transmission owners or consultants in order to do the interconnection studies.
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But ISOs and RTOs, for the most part, they're the same for our purposes with very minor differences.
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And there are seven of them in the U.S as you see here, plus there's two more in Canada.
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And there are multiple purposes of these ISOs, RTOs, but one of the biggest ones is
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when it comes to interconnection is providing what they call non-discriminatory access to the electric grid,
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meaning that any generator or load who wants to access the grid can do
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so as long as they meet certain qualifications or certain requirements,
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and in many cases, if they help pay for system upgrades.
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Some of the other purposes of ISO's RTOs include the grid operation, the monitoring, the management in the region that they serve.
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They're in charge of generation dispatch to keep the generation supply and demand in balance,
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and they also do a regional planning and reliability modeling and planning.
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So they do quite a bit.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: transmission, generation, Rtos, Isos, purposes. Deze video bevat 36 zinnen en 480 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:51. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 125 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 12 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| abnormal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | abnormaal |
| reliability zelfstandig naamwoord | betrouwbaarheid | |
| discriminatory bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ | discriminatoir |
| entail werkwoord | /ɛnˈteɪl/ | verlangen, impliceren |
| municipality zelfstandig naamwoord | /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ | gemeente |
| dispatch werkwoord | /dɪˈspæt͡ʃ/ | verzenden |
| queue zelfstandig naamwoord | /kju/ | rij |
| utter werkwoord | /ˈʌtəɹ/ | produceren, uitbrengen |
| cooperative bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/ | samenwerkend |
| generator zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | generator |
| investor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | investeerder, belegger |
| concentrate werkwoord | /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ | concentreren |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| mess up werkwoord | verrommelen, in de war brengen |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they're, isn't, you'll. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/, municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/, dispatch /dɪˈspæt͡ʃ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als abnormal, reliability, discriminatory.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.