Pratique du Shadowing: Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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So with transmission, there are several ownership types.
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So if you are a developer developing projects for connection to transmission,
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you may be dealing with one or several of these different types of ownership structures.
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And this includes investor-owned utilities.
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They sell stocks, so they're publicly owned.
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Then there are government agencies, such as the U.S government and municipalities.
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And then there are cooperative generation transmission organizations.
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And these co-ops are actually owned by the members that they serve.
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And one of the primary purposes of transmission,
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and this was the intent ever since the start of the industry back before 1900,
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was to connect large generating sources to the load centers where the load is concentrated,
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say, in the middle of cities.
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of utmost importance is the safety and reliability.
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Keep the lights on for abnormal conditions, and abnormal conditions happen all the time on transmission.
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You know, you get short circuit faults due to lightning or, you know, tree contact or other reasons.
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There are a lot of different causes of abnormal condition on transmission,
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but the transmission providers have to ensure that the system stays reliable.
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And when they're connecting new generation to the system, what this entails is a lot of different studies
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and analysis to make sure that the new generation isn't going to mess up the reliability of that existing transmission system.
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Now, there are other types of organizations in the transmission industry besides the transmission owners that we just mentioned.
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And the two types of organizations you'll hear a lot about are ISOs and RTOs.
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And if you are connecting new generation to a transmission,
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you very well may run into the ISOs and RTOs because they're the ones that actually run the queues.
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And for the most part,
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they do the studies or they work with the transmission owners or consultants in order to do the interconnection studies.
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But ISOs and RTOs, for the most part, they're the same for our purposes with very minor differences.
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And there are seven of them in the U.S as you see here, plus there's two more in Canada.
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And there are multiple purposes of these ISOs, RTOs, but one of the biggest ones is
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when it comes to interconnection is providing what they call non-discriminatory access to the electric grid,
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meaning that any generator or load who wants to access the grid can do
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so as long as they meet certain qualifications or certain requirements,
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and in many cases, if they help pay for system upgrades.
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Some of the other purposes of ISO's RTOs include the grid operation, the monitoring, the management in the region that they serve.
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They're in charge of generation dispatch to keep the generation supply and demand in balance,
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and they also do a regional planning and reliability modeling and planning.
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So they do quite a bit.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Understanding the Organization Working in Transmission ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : transmission, generation, Rtos, Isos, purposes. Cette vidéo contient 36 phrases et 480 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:51. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 125 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 83 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 13 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| abnormal adjectif | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | inhabituel, hors norme |
| reliability nom | fiabilité | |
| interconnection nom | /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/ | interconnexion |
| discriminatory adjectif | /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ | discriminatoire, discriminateur |
| entail verbe | /ɛnˈteɪl/ | comporter, impliquer |
| municipality nom | /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ | municipalité |
| queue nom | /kju/ | file, queue |
| utter verbe | /ˈʌtəɹ/ | émettre, proférer |
| cooperative adjectif | /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/ | coopératif |
| qualification nom | /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | qualification |
| generator nom | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | générateur, générateur électrique |
| investor nom | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | investisseur, investisseuse |
| concentrate verbe | /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ | concentrer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| mess up verbe | gâcher |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 7 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, isn't, you'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/, discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/, municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: dispatch /dɪˈspæt͡ʃ/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/, utter /ˈʌtəɹ/, cooperative /kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme abnormal, reliability, interconnection.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.