Pratique du Shadowing: How Does Electricity Flow Through a Utility-Scale Solar Site? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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I wanted to take the time to make sure you all totally understood the concept of electrical flow through the PV plant.
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The following slides show one specific setup in regards to power conversion and electrical flow.
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So, firstly, sunlight strikes the PV modules.
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The sunlight is converted into electricity within the PV module.
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And as we know from previous slides, the electricity that's generated is DC electricity, direct current.
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Modules are wired together in strings.
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Remember that a string is just the technical name for a group of modules all wired together in series.
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This string of PV modules is basically collecting all the electrical current.
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And all of this collected up electricity is then transported via
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a home run of DC cabling to a combiner box as shown.
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So you now have the electricity from multiple strings all feeding into a single combiner box, where additional electrical protection such as fuses will be located.
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The combiner box is pretty much doing exactly what it says, combining or consolidating all this electricity.
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There's a few obvious benefits here.
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The DC feeders are higher gauge cables, so they'll have reduced electrical losses.
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And since each of them can carry more current, there's simply less of them, which makes for easier management and less terminations once we get to the inverter stage.
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The DC electricity then needs to be transported from the combiner box to the next key component in line, the inverters, shown here.
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This is achieved using what are commonly known as DC feeders.
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There's a number of ways to do this, either an underground trenching or above ground cable trays.
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Once the DC electricity has been transferred to the inverter, the inverter does its job, which is to convert this DC electricity into AC electricity.
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Remember that the key reason we need to do this is
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that the electricity on the utility grid is all high voltage AC and we have to match that.
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So now we have AC electricity which has been produced by the inverters
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and we need to transport this electricity to the next step in the chain which is the transformer.
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Now we're at the transformer level, and the transformer's job is to step the voltage of the AC electricity up.
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The reason for this is that as we should remember back from our power and voltage slides much earlier in the presentation, and our discussion around Ohm's law,
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resistance equals voltage divided by current.
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Now remember that power can be calculated by multiplying voltage by current,
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but Ohm's states that voltage can also be expressed by current multiplied by resistance.
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This means that you can calculate power by squaring your current and multiplying it by the resistance.
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Since the resistance of the cabling from the transformer to the interconnect won't change, as that's a function of the material that's being used,
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to minimize the power losses in the system we want to minimize the current as much as possible.
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The only way to do that, again going back the Ohm's law is to increase the voltage.
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So step the voltage up, reduce the current required and reduce the power losses in the system.
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We then need to transport this AC electricity from the location of the transformer out to the point of interconnect.
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This is done via AC cabling and is commonly done via underground trenching.
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The point of interconnect, or POI, is simply where the power plant ties into the utility grid.
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Now, once you're at the point of interconnect, depending on the size of the plant or the transmission lines you're tying into,
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there may be another transformer to step the voltage up again to match what's on the existing lines
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so you can go from 34.5 kV up to 69 kV
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or even higher
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and there you have it you've then got high voltage ac electricity onto the utility lines
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so what started as sunlight hitting an individual pv module
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which created low voltage dc electricity has gone through all these various steps
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and conversions through home runs combiner boxes dc feeders inverters transformers ac cabling
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and is then connected into the utility lines as high voltage ac
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 696 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:08. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 169 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| voltage nom | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | tension, voltage |
| module nom | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | module |
| string nom | /stɹɪŋ/ | corde |
| utility nom | /juːˈtɪlɪti/ | utilité |
| slide nom | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | toboggan, glissoire |
| sunlight nom | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | lumière du soleil |
| wire nom | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | fil |
| commonly adverbe | /ˈkɑmənli/ | communément, fréquemment |
| collect verbe | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | rassembler, recueillir |
| underground adjectif | /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ | souterrain |
| conversion nom | /kənˈvɝʒən/ | conversion |
| grid nom | /ɡɹɪd/ | grille |
| convert verbe | /kənˈvɝt/ | convertir |
| calculate verbe | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | calculer |
| minimize verbe | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | minimiser |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go back verbe | rentrer, retourner |
| go through verbe | traverser |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is converted · are wired · will be located |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have reduced · has been transferred · has been produced |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | them, which makes · job, which is · electricity which has |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 6 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, they'll, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: conversion /kənˈvɝʒən/, transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/, termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme voltage, module, string.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.