Pratique du Shadowing: What is Insulation Resistance Testing (IRT)? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Testing insulation resistance is a key part of commissioning and troubleshooting any type of electrical system.
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Let's go ahead and start off with the fundamentals.
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Now you notice on the screen here, IRT, insulation resistance testing.
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You're going to hear me say that over and over again.
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Sometimes it'll mean IRT, insulation resistance testing.
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Other times I'm going to use it in regards to the meter we use to perform the test.
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That's right.
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An insulation resistance tester.
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So what is this all about anyway?
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Well, we use an IRT meter to measure resistance that'd be measured in ohms by applying a constant voltage to a circuit,
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a conductor, or a piece of equipment that's under test.
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The analogy here is it's like pressure testing water pipes.
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We apply a high pressure, in this case, a high voltage, and we make sure none of these electrons are popping out and leaking out of the circuit.
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If we have a low resistance value that indicates we have damaged insulation or some path for electrons to escape the circuit.
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Now you also hear this commonly called Megering because Meger, one of the several manufacturers of these meters developed the first one back in 1889.
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You'll also hear the term mega ohm meter used pretty much interchangeably for IRT or insulation resistance tester.
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So what is IRT, insulation resistance testing used for?
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Well, one big thing is commissioning, right?
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We want to make sure that our conductors and equipment have proper insulation
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before we turn that system on for the first time.
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And if we look at various standards out there that are applicable to PV systems, IEC 62446, testing insulation resistance is one of the things we're supposed to do when we commission a system.
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This allows us to find faults that may exist before we turn it on
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and use the power source to find the fault.
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And we can also establish baseline values for that installation so that we can see that if it degrades over time, we know that something's happening.
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This also might be performed as part of preventive maintenance, a regular testing regime that we do as part of maintaining the system.
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This would be based on standards, contracts, and equipment manuals.
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It's a little invasive of a procedure and there's other ways to verify
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that things are working okay so we don't see this quite as often in PV systems, but it can allow us to identify conductor insulation degradation
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and verify the integrity of equipment such as busing insulation and switch gear and switchboards, transformer insulation, breakers, and other gear associated with our system.
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The biggest thing we're going to use it for is corrective maintenance, troubleshooting when we have ground faults and we need to track those down.
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The image on the slide here shows a conductor being tested
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for insulation resistance in this case it has 11 giga ohms of resistance
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and that actually is the maximum that this particular meter can read to
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so we've pegged
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that meter you can also see the test voltage that's being
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applied here 1048 volts in the case of this particular test
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is Insulation Resistance Testing (IRT)? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : insulation, resistance, testing, meter, Irt. Cette vidéo contient 36 phrases et 522 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:56. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 178 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| insulation nom | /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/ | isolation |
| metre nom | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | mètre |
| conductor nom | /kənˈdʌktɚ/ | chef d'orchestre |
| voltage nom | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | tension, voltage |
| ohm nom | /oʊm/ | ohm |
| troubleshooting nom | dépannage | |
| verify verbe | /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ | vérifier |
| corrective adjectif | /kəˈɹɛktɪv/ | correcteur |
| preventive adjectif | /pɹɪˈvɛntɪv/ | préventif |
| switchboard nom | /ˈswɪt͡ʃˌbɔɹd/ | standard, standard téléphonique |
| transformer nom | /tɹænsˈfoɹməɹ/ | transformateur |
| degradation nom | /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/ | dégradation |
| breaker nom | /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/ | casseur |
| invasive adjectif | /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ | d'invasion |
| baseline nom | /ˈbeɪslaɪn/ | référence |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead verbe | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vas-y, allez-y |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be measured · might be performed · would be based |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have damaged · have ground · we've pegged |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 9 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, switchboard /ˈswɪt͡ʃˌbɔɹd/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: metre /ˈmiːtəɹ/, tester /ˈtɛstəɹ/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, corrective /kəˈɹɛktɪv/, degrade /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme insulation, metre, conductor.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.