Практика Shadowing: How Does Electricity Flow Through a Utility-Scale Solar Site? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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I wanted to take the time to make sure you all totally understood the concept of electrical flow through the PV plant.
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The following slides show one specific setup in regards to power conversion and electrical flow.
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So, firstly, sunlight strikes the PV modules.
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The sunlight is converted into electricity within the PV module.
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And as we know from previous slides, the electricity that's generated is DC electricity, direct current.
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Modules are wired together in strings.
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Remember that a string is just the technical name for a group of modules all wired together in series.
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This string of PV modules is basically collecting all the electrical current.
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And all of this collected up electricity is then transported via
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a home run of DC cabling to a combiner box as shown.
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So you now have the electricity from multiple strings all feeding into a single combiner box, where additional electrical protection such as fuses will be located.
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The combiner box is pretty much doing exactly what it says, combining or consolidating all this electricity.
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There's a few obvious benefits here.
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The DC feeders are higher gauge cables, so they'll have reduced electrical losses.
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And since each of them can carry more current, there's simply less of them, which makes for easier management and less terminations once we get to the inverter stage.
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The DC electricity then needs to be transported from the combiner box to the next key component in line, the inverters, shown here.
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This is achieved using what are commonly known as DC feeders.
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There's a number of ways to do this, either an underground trenching or above ground cable trays.
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Once the DC electricity has been transferred to the inverter, the inverter does its job, which is to convert this DC electricity into AC electricity.
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Remember that the key reason we need to do this is
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that the electricity on the utility grid is all high voltage AC and we have to match that.
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So now we have AC electricity which has been produced by the inverters
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and we need to transport this electricity to the next step in the chain which is the transformer.
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Now we're at the transformer level, and the transformer's job is to step the voltage of the AC electricity up.
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The reason for this is that as we should remember back from our power and voltage slides much earlier in the presentation, and our discussion around Ohm's law,
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resistance equals voltage divided by current.
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Now remember that power can be calculated by multiplying voltage by current,
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but Ohm's states that voltage can also be expressed by current multiplied by resistance.
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This means that you can calculate power by squaring your current and multiplying it by the resistance.
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Since the resistance of the cabling from the transformer to the interconnect won't change, as that's a function of the material that's being used,
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to minimize the power losses in the system we want to minimize the current as much as possible.
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The only way to do that, again going back the Ohm's law is to increase the voltage.
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So step the voltage up, reduce the current required and reduce the power losses in the system.
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We then need to transport this AC electricity from the location of the transformer out to the point of interconnect.
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This is done via AC cabling and is commonly done via underground trenching.
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The point of interconnect, or POI, is simply where the power plant ties into the utility grid.
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Now, once you're at the point of interconnect, depending on the size of the plant or the transmission lines you're tying into,
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there may be another transformer to step the voltage up again to match what's on the existing lines
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so you can go from 34.5 kV up to 69 kV
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or even higher
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and there you have it you've then got high voltage ac electricity onto the utility lines
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so what started as sunlight hitting an individual pv module
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which created low voltage dc electricity has gone through all these various steps
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and conversions through home runs combiner boxes dc feeders inverters transformers ac cabling
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and is then connected into the utility lines as high voltage ac
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 45 предложений и 696 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:08. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 169 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 77% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| voltage существительное | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | напряже́ние, вольта́ж |
| module существительное | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | мо́дуль |
| string существительное | /stɹɪŋ/ | бечёвка, верёвка |
| utility существительное | /juːˈtɪlɪti/ | поле́зность |
| slide существительное | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | го́рка |
| sunlight существительное | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | со́лнечный свет |
| wire существительное | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | про́волока, про́вод |
| commonly наречие | /ˈkɑmənli/ | обы́чно, обыкнове́нно |
| collect глагол | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| underground прилагательное | /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/ | подзе́мный |
| conversion существительное | /kənˈvɝʒən/ | превраще́ние, обраще́ние |
| grid существительное | /ɡɹɪd/ | се́тка, решётка |
| convert глагол | /kənˈvɝt/ | превраща́ть, преврати́ть |
| calculate глагол | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | вычисля́ть, вы́числить |
| minimize глагол | /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/ | минимизи́ровать, своди́ть к ми́нимуму |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| go back глагол | возвраща́ться, возврати́ться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is converted · are wired · will be located |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | have reduced · has been transferred · has been produced |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | them, which makes · job, which is · electricity which has |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 6 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, they'll, we're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: conversion /kənˈvɝʒən/, transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/, termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как voltage, module, string.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.