Pratique du Shadowing: What is a Control Valve? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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The control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC or a DCS, in order to operate.
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The controller compares the actual flow rate to the desired flow value, called the setpoint.
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The controller will produce an output to move the valve to bring the flow rate to the setpoint value.
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A control valve is a power operated device used to regulate or manipulate the flow of fluids,
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such as gas, oil, water, and steam.
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It is a critical part of a control loop and is an example of a final control element.
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The control valve is by far the most common final control element used in industry today.
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A control valve can be operated electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically.
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A control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC, in order for it to move, resulting in a change in flow.
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Because the PLC signal is electrical, the control valve may require a device to convert that electrical signal so that it can operate.
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A control valve has two separate components, the valve and the actuator.
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Valve bodies are of different types or styles depending on service conditions, piping layout, and desired application.
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The two classes of control valves are linear motion and rotary motion.
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On a linear motion valve, the stem and valve movement is up and down.
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A common type of sliding control valve is the gate valve.
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A rotary motion valve in almost all cases rotates 90 degrees from open to the closed position.
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A commonly used rotary valve is the butterfly valve.
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The actuator is the device connected to the valve through the valve stem that provides the force required to move the valve.
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As we said earlier, the actuator can be controlled electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically.
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The most common and the most reliable is the pneumatic actuator.
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The control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC or a DCS, in order to operate.
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The controller compares the actual flow rate to the desired flow value, called the set point.
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The controller will produce an output to move the valve to bring the flow rate to the setpoint value.
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Because of how pneumatic actuators are built, a control valve will fail to a specific position when a loss of the control signal occurs.
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As the supply air pressure is increased, the rubber diaphragm pushes against the spring and moves the valve stem down into the valve body.
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As the supply air pressure is reduced, the spring will move the valve stem out of the body.
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The position to which the control valve is moved if a loss of signal occurs is referred to as the fail-safe mode.
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The type of fail-safe mode depends on the application for which the control valve is used.
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The actuator causes the valve to close in a fail-closed control valve.
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The actuator causes the valve to open in a fail-open control valve.
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In normal operation, the force of the spring must be overcome by the electrical or pneumatic actuator.
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In the event of a power failure to the actuator, the electrical or pneumatic force is no longer present, and the spring pressure forces the valve to open.
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You might wonder how much the valve opens or closes when the flow rate changes.
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Well, that depends on a number of things, such as the percentage of flow rate change, and the diameter of the pipe.
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Regardless, the controller must be tuned so that it produces the correct response to any change in flow rate.
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This is most commonly achieved by using PID control within the PLC or controller.
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We have already created several easy to follow videos on what a PID controller is.
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If you want to learn more about this topic, just head on over to realpars.com slash blog.
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Type in PID in the search bar and all the relevant articles and videos will pop up.
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We will also put a link in the description if you are watching this on YouTube or any other social media platform.
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In this video, we have learned
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that a control valve can vary the flow of a liquid or gas used in a process.
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We also learned that a control valve can be one of two main types,
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linear or rotary, and that we can use a fail-safe type of valve in critical areas.
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Finally, we introduced you to how control valves are controlled by the use of PID instructions in the PLC or DCS system.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars.com Hey!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is a Control Valve? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : valve, flow, controller, actuator, Plc. Cette vidéo contient 47 phrases et 783 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:00. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 130 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 14 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| actuator nom | /ˈæk.tjuː.eɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | actionneur |
| pneumatic adjectif | /n(j)uːˈmæ.tɪk/ | pneumatique |
| rotary adjectif | /ˈɹoʊ.tə.ɹi/ | rotatif |
| setpoint nom | /ˈsɛtpɔɪnt/ | consigne |
| electrically adverbe | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk.li/ | électriquement |
| hydraulically adverbe | hydrauliquement | |
| pneumatically adverbe | pneumatiquement | |
| diaphragm nom | /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ | diaphragme |
| rotate verbe | /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/ | tourner, rotationner |
| manipulate verbe | /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ | manipuler |
| regulate verbe | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | régler |
| butterfly nom | /ˈbʌ.tə(ɹ).flaɪ/ | papillon |
| layout nom | /ˈleɪ.aʊt/ | disposition, schéma |
| diameter nom | /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/ | diamètre |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| pop up verbe | se pointer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be operated · can be controlled · are built |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have already created · have learned |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: actuator /ˈæk.tjuː.eɪ.tə(ɹ)/, electrically /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk.li/, manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: actuator /ˈæk.tjuː.eɪ.tə(ɹ)/, rotary /ˈɹoʊ.tə.ɹi/, electrically /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk.li/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, rotate /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme actuator, pneumatic, rotary.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.